Siirt
Siirt | |
|---|---|
 View of Siirt | |
  Siirt Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates:37°55′30″N41°56′45″E/ 37.92500°N 41.94583°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Siirt |
| District | Siirt |
| Government | |
| • Elected Mayor | Mehmet Vartan Haluk Karabucak ([HDP) |
| Population (2021)[1] | 160,340 |
| Time zone | UTC+3(TRT) |
| Website | siirt.bel.tr |
Siirt(Arabic:سِعِرْد,romanized:Siʿird;Armenian:Սղերդ,romanized:S'gherd;[citation needed]Syriac:ܣܥܪܬ,romanized:Siirt;[2]Kurdish:Sêrt[3]) is a city in theSiirt DistrictofSiirt ProvinceinTurkey.[4]It had a population of 160,340 in 2021.[1]
Neighborhoods[edit]
The city is divided into the neighborhoods of Afetevlerı, Alan, Algul, Bahçelievler, Barış, Batı, Conkbayır, Çal, Doğan, Dumlupınar, Halenze, İnönü, Karakol, Kooperatif, Sakarya, Tınaztepe, Ulus, Ülkü, Veysel Karani and Yeni.[1]
History[edit]
Previously known asSaird,in pre-Islamic times Siirt was a diocese of theEastern Orthodox Church(Sirte,Σίρτη inByzantine Greek). In the medieval times,Arzenwas the main city and it competed with Hasankeyf over the control the region, Siirt was only to become a center of the region in the 14th century. But it was still dependent fromHasankeyfuntil the 17th century.[5]An illuminated manuscript known as theSyriac Bible of Parismight have originated from the Bishop of Siirt's library, Siirt's Christians would have worshipped inSyriac,a liturgical language descended fromAramaicstill in use by theSyriac Rite,Chaldean Rite,otherEastern Christians in India,and theNestoriansalong the Silk Road as far as China. TheChronicle of Seertwas preserved in the city; it describes the ecclesiastical history of the Persian realm through to the middle of the seventh century. From 1858 to 1915 the city was the seat ofa bishopof theChaldean Catholic Church.Most of the city'sAssyrians,includingAddai Schertheir archbishop were murdered during theAssyrian genocidealong with the loss of artefacts such as the Syriac manuscript ofTheodore of Mopsuestia's De Incarnatione.[6]Also duringWorld War I,the Armenian population of Siirt became a victim of theArmenian genocide.[7]
Demographics[edit]
Historical[edit]
Mark Sykesrecorded Siirt as a city inhabited by Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, and Armenians.[8]During the second half of the 19th century, many Armenians left Siirt due to persecutions and poor economic conditions.[9]During the 1895Hamidian massacres,many Armenians were forcibly converted to Islam and the clergy was massacred.[9]Before World War I, thesanjakof Siirt formed a Christian enclave with 60,000 Christians: 25,000Armenians,20,000Syriac Orthodox,and 15,000Chaldean Catholics.[10]According to theArmenian Patriarchate of Constantinople,in 1914 there were 4,437 Armenians in thekaza,with three churches, one monastery and two schools.[9]Agha Petrosmentions 40Nestorian Assyrianfamilies in the city of Siirt.[9]Mardin Chaldean priest Joseph Tfinkdji lists 5,430 Chaldeans in the diocese: 824 in the town and the rest in surrounding villages.[9]The community was led byAddai Sher.[9]David Gauntmentions some Yezidi presence.[9]
| Mother tongue composition of the city proper of Siirt in 1927 according to Turkish census[11] | |||
| Languages | Speakers | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | 10,498 | 69.5 | |
| Turkish | 3,621 | 24.0 | |
| Kurdish | 973 | 6.5 | |
| Other | 7 | 0.0 | |
| Total | 15,099 | 100 | |
According to the 1927 census, the population in the whole district was almost exclusively Muslim, with the exception of two Catholics, one Protestant, four Armenians, 17 other Christians, and 38 "other religion".[12]
İsmet İnönüreferred to the city as an Arab city eager to getTurkified,while Kurds lived in the outskirts.[13]
Modern[edit]
Kurdsconstitute a majority in the city with a significant Arab community.[14][15][16]The Kurdish tribes living in the city are the Botikan, Dudêran, Elîkan, Keşkoliyan, Silokan and Sturkiyan.[17]
Government[edit]
In the municipalelections of March 2019Berivan Helen Işık of thePeoples' Democratic Party(HDP) was elected mayor.[18]She was dismissed from her post on 15 May 2020 and detained over terror charges. Ali Fuat Atik, the Governor of the Siirt province was appointed trustee by the Ministry of the Interior.[19]
Landmarks[edit]
The city's landmark is theGreat Mosque(Ulu Cami) built in 1129 by theGreat SeljukSultan Mahmud IIwho belonged to the main branch of the dynasty that ruled fromBaghdadafter theSeljukshad split into several branches. The mosque was further developed by theOttoman Empire.The mosque was restored in 1965.
Trivia[edit]
Siirt wasTurkish Prime MinisterRecep Tayyip Erdoğan's constituency from 2003 to 2007. His wife, Mrs.Emine Erdoğan,is from Siirt and the PM had been elected to theTurkish Grand National Assemblyin a by-election held in Siirt in 2003.
Although Siirt remains one of the poorer cities in Turkey, some neighbourhoods have fine and modern housing including new shops, banks and hotels.[20]
Climate[edit]
Siirt has ahot-summer Mediterranean climate(Köppen:Csa,Trewartha:Cs) with very hot, dry summers and chilly, wet winters. During winter months there is frequent frost and occasional snowfall.
| Climate data for Siirt (1991–2020, extremes 1939–2022) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
32.9 (91.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
40.2 (104.4) |
44.4 (111.9) |
46.0 (114.8) |
41.3 (106.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
46.0 (114.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
25.7 (78.3) |
32.8 (91.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.6 (99.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) |
4.7 (40.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
18.9 (66.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.3 (−2.7) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 81.0 (3.19) |
98.6 (3.88) |
115.2 (4.54) |
102.2 (4.02) |
63.9 (2.52) |
9.7 (0.38) |
3.8 (0.15) |
2.2 (0.09) |
7.9 (0.31) |
49.1 (1.93) |
76.8 (3.02) |
90.3 (3.56) |
700.7 (27.59) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.73 | 12.53 | 14.83 | 14.07 | 11.33 | 4.13 | 1.53 | 1.00 | 2.47 | 8.77 | 9.07 | 11.90 | 104.4 |
| Average snowy days | 4 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2 | 11.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 72.6 | 67.5 | 61.6 | 58 | 50.2 | 33.8 | 27.3 | 26.1 | 31.8 | 47.1 | 62.9 | 72.2 | 50.9 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 108.5 | 121.5 | 164.3 | 192.0 | 263.5 | 333.0 | 356.5 | 331.7 | 285.0 | 217.0 | 156.0 | 105.4 | 2,634.4 |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 3.5 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 10.7 | 9.5 | 7.0 | 5.2 | 3.4 | 7.2 |
| Source 1:Turkish State Meteorological Service[21] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:NOAA(humidity)[22],Meteomanz(snow days 2000-2023)[23] | |||||||||||||
Notable people[edit]
- Addai Sher,Chaldean Catholicarchbishop of Siirt in Upper Mesopotamia was martyred in Siirt in 1915 during the1915 Assyrian genocide
- Mehmet Güney(1936*), Diplomat and judge
- Coşkun Aral(1956*),correspondent,photo journalist,television journalistand documentaryfilm producer.
- Ethem Sancak(1958*), Businessmen
- Yasin Aktay(1966*), Chairman ofJustice and Development Partyin Turkey
- Hasan Özer(1974*), footballer and manager
- Kerem Gürgen(1983*), boxer
- Evin Demirhan(1995*), freestyle wrestler
Gallery[edit]
-
A bridge in Siirt -
Ebul Vefa Mosque -
Ibrahim hakkı shrine in Siirt Tillo -
The city hall -
Siirt Tillo -
Siirt Street scene -
Siirt Saat Kulesi -
Siirt Market area -
Siirt Ulu Camii -
Hacı Abdulhakim Sancak Çarşı Camii -
Hacı Abdulhakim Sancak Çarşı Camii Minber
References[edit]
- ^abc"31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) SONUÇLARI"(XLS).TÜİK(in Turkish).Retrieved16 December2022.
- ^Thomas A. Carlson et al., “Siirt — ܣܥܪܬ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified December 9, 2016,http://syriaca.org/place/188.
- ^Adem Avcıkıran (2009).Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî(PDF)(in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 57.Retrieved17 December2019.
- ^"Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri".T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı(in Turkish).Retrieved19 December2022.
- ^Sinclair, T. A. (1989-12-31).Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume III.Pindar Press. p. 295.ISBN978-0-907132-34-9.
- ^Gaunt, David; Beṯ-Şawoce, Jan (2006),Massacres, resistance, protectors: Muslim-Christian relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I,Gorgias Press LLC, pp. 251–253,ISBN978-1593333010
- ^Kevorkian, Raymond(2016-01-25)."The Extermination of Ottoman Armenians by the Young Turk Regime (1915-1916) | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network".extermination-ottoman-armenians-young-turk-regime-1915-1916.html.Retrieved2021-01-31.
- ^Sykes, Mark (1904).Dar-ul-Islam: A Record of a Journey Through Ten of the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey.Bickers & Son. p. 264.
- ^abcdefg"Kaza Siirt / ܣܥܪܬ Siʿret / Sa'irt / Սղերդ - Sġerd / Sgherd".Virtual Genocide Memorial.Retrieved2023-09-17.
- ^"Sancak Siirt / ܣܥܪܬ Siʿret / Sa'irt / Սղերդ - Sġerd / Sgherd".Virtual Genocide Memorial.Retrieved2023-09-17.
- ^Umumî Nüfus Tahriri.İstatistik Umum Müdürlüğü. 1927. pp. 223–224.Retrieved6 July2022.
- ^BabaoğLu, Resul (2018-01-01)."CUMHURİYET İDARESİNE GEÇİŞ SÜRECİNDE SİİRT'TE DEMOGRAFİK GÖSTERGELER"(PDF).Journal of History School.11(XXXIV): 529–563.doi:10.14225/Joh1285.ISSN1308-5298.
- ^Mumcu, Uğur(August 1993).Kürt Dosyası(42 ed.). Ankara: Uğur Mumcu Araştırmacı Gazetecilik Vakfı. p. 72.ISBN9786054274512.Retrieved17 September2022.
- ^Taş, Latif (2016).Legal Pluralism in Action: Dispute Resolution and the Kurdish Peace Committee.Routledge.p. 33.ISBN9781317106159.
- ^Akay, Sedat (September 2, 2021).Geçmişten Günümüze Siirt Arapçası.DBY Yayınları. p. 33.ISBN9786257471053.Retrieved17 September2022.
- ^"Siirt halkı: Kürtçe yok sayılırken 'biz kardeşiz' denilmesi bir anlam ifade etmiyor".İLKHA.Retrieved29 October2022.
- ^Mendeş, Hurşit Baran (2022).Ertoşîler(in Turkish). Doz. p. 33.
- ^"Siirt Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri".sabah.tr.Retrieved2020-05-15.
- ^"Four mayors detained over alleged terror links - Turkey News".Hürriyet Daily News.15 May 2020.Retrieved2020-05-15.
- ^Siirt in South East Turkey Photo Gallery by Dick Osseman at.Pbase. Retrieved on 2011-04-16.
- ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)"(in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service.Retrieved3 May2021.
- ^"WMO Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Siirt-17210"(CSV).ncei.noaa.gov.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Retrieved15 July2024.
- ^"Siirt - weather data by months".meteomanz.Retrieved15 July2024.
External links[edit]
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| National | |
