Sinbad the Sailor

"Sinbad" redirects here. For other uses, seeSinbad (disambiguation).

Sinbad the Sailor:
"Having balanced my cargo exactly..."
Drawing byMilo Winter(1914)

Sinbad the Sailor(/ˈsɪnbæd/;Arabic:سندباد البحري,romanized:Sindibādu l-BahriyyorSindbad) is a fictional mariner and the hero of astory-cycle.He is described as hailing fromBaghdadduring the earlyAbbasid Caliphate(8th and 9th centuries A.D.). In the course of seven voyages throughout the seas east of Africa and south of Asia, he has fantastic adventures in magical realms, encountering monsters and witnessingsupernatural phenomena.

Origins and sources

The tales of Sinbad are a relatively late addition to theOne Thousand and One Nights– they do not feature in the earliest 14th-century manuscript, and they appear as an independent cycle in 18th- and 19th-century collections. The tale reflects the trend within theAbbasidrealm of Arab and Muslim sailors exploring the world. The stories display the folk and themes present in works of that time. The Abbasid reign was known as a period of great economic and social growth. Arab and Muslim traders would seek new trading routes and people to trade with. This process of growth is reflected in the Sinbad tales. The Sinbad stories take on a variety of different themes. Later sources includeAbbasidworks such as the "Wonders of the Created World", reflecting the experiences of 13th century Arab mariners who braved theIndian Ocean.

South IndianSindbad-namah,16th Century

The Sinbad cycle is set in the reign of theAbbasid CaliphHarun al-Rashid(786–809). The Sinbad tales are included in the first European translation of the Nights,Antoine Galland'sLes mille et une nuits,contes arabes traduits en français,an English edition of which appeared in 1711 asThe new Arabian winter nights entertainmentsand went through numerous editions throughout the 18th century.

The earliest separate publication of the Sinbad tales in English found in theBritish Libraryis an adaptation asThe Adventures of Houran Banow, etc. (Taken from the Arabian Nights, being the third and fourth voyages of Sinbad the Sailor.),around 1770. An early US edition,The seven voyages of Sinbad the sailor. And The story of Aladdin; or, The wonderful lamp,was published in Philadelphia in 1794.Numerous popular editions followed in the early 19th century, including achapbookedition byThomas Tegg.Its best known full translation was perhaps as tale 120 in Volume 6 of SirRichard Burton's 1885 translation ofThe Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night.

Tales

Sinbad the Porter and Sinbad the Sailor

Like the1001 Nights,the Sinbad story-cycle has aframe storywhich goes as follows: in the days ofHarun al-Rashid,CaliphofBaghdad,a poor porter (one who carries goods for others in the market and throughout the city) pauses to rest on a bench outside the gate of a rich merchant's house, where he complains to God about the injustice of a world which allows the rich to live in ease while he must toil and yet remain poor. The owner of the house hears and sends for the porter, finding that they are both named Sinbad. The rich Sinbad tells the poor Sinbad that he became wealthy "by Fortune and Fate" in the course of seven wondrous voyages, which he then proceeds to relate.

First Voyage

After dissipating the wealth left to him by his father, Sinbad goes to sea to repair his fortune. He sets ashore on what appears to be an island, but this island proves to be a giganticsleeping whale on which trees have taken rootever since the whale was young. Awakened by a fire kindled by the sailors, the whale dives into the depths, the ship departs without Sinbad, and Sinbad is only saved by a passing wooden trough sent by the grace of God. He is washed ashore on a densely wooded island. While exploring the deserted island, he comes across one of the king's grooms. When Sinbad helps save the king's mare from being drowned by a sea horse (not aseahorse,but a supernatural horse that lives underwater), the groom brings Sinbad to the king. The king befriends Sinbad, and he rises in the king's favor and becomes a trusted courtier. One day, the very ship on which Sinbad set sail docks at the island, and he reclaims his goods (still in the ship's hold). Sinbad gives the king his goods and in return the king gives him rich presents. Sinbad sells these presents for a great profit. Sinbad returns to Baghdad, where he resumes a life of ease and pleasure. With the ending of the tale, Sinbad the sailor makes Sinbad the porter a gift of a hundred gold pieces and bids him return the next day to hear more about his adventures.

Second Voyage

Sindbad the Sailor and the Valley of the Diamonds, illustrated byMaxfield Parrish

On the second day of Sinbad's tale-telling (but the 549th night ofScheherazade's), Sinbad the sailor tells how he grew restless of his life of leisure, and set to sea again, "possessed with the thought of traveling about the world of men and seeing their cities and islands." Accidentally abandoned by his shipmates again, he finds himself stranded in an island which containsroceggs. He attaches himself with the help of his turban to a roc and is transported to a valley of giant snakes which can swallow elephants; these serve as the rocs' natural prey. The floor of the valley is carpeted with diamonds, and merchants harvest these by throwing huge chunks of meat into the valley: the birds carry the meat back to their nests, and the men drive the birds away and collect the diamonds stuck to the meat. The wily Sinbad straps one of the pieces of meat to his back and is carried back to the nest along with a large sack full of precious gems. Rescued from the nest by the merchants, he returns toBaghdadwith a fortune in diamonds, seeing many marvels along the way.

Third Voyage

Sinbad's third voyage. Encounter with a man-eating giant, illustrated byHenry Justice Ford

Sinbad sets sail again from Basra. But by ill chance, he and his companions are cast up on an island where they are captured by a "huge creature in the likeness of a man, black of colour,... with eyes like coals of fire and large canine teeth like boar's tusks and a vast big gape like the mouth of a well. Moreover, he had long loose lips like camel's, hanging down upon his breast, and ears like two Jarms falling over his shoulder-blades, and the nails of his hands were like the claws of a lion." This monster begins eating the crew, beginning with theReis(captain), who is the fattest. (Burton notes that the giant "is distinctlyPolyphemus".)

Sinbad hatches a plan to blind the beast with the two red-hot iron spits with which the monster has been kebabbing and roasting the ship's company. He and the remaining men escape on a raft they constructed the day before. However, the giant's mate hits most of the escaping men with rocks and they are killed. After further adventures (including a gigantic Python from which Sinbad escapes using his quick wits), he returns to Baghdad, wealthier than ever.

Fourth Voyage

Impelled by restlessness, Sinbad takes to the seas again and, as usual, is shipwrecked. The naked savages amongst whom he finds himself feed his companions a herb which robs them of their reason (Burton theorises that this might bebhang), prior to fattening themfor the table.Sinbad realises what is happening and refuses to eat the madness-inducing plant. When the cannibals lose interest in him, he escapes. A party of itinerant pepper-gatherers transports him to their own island, where their king befriends him and gives him a beautiful and wealthy wife.

Too late Sinbad learns of a peculiar custom of the land: on the death of one marriage partner, the other is buried alive with his or her spouse, both in their finest clothes and most costly jewels. Sinbad's wife falls ill and dies soon after, leaving Sinbad trapped in a cavern, a communal tomb, with a jug of water and seven pieces of bread. Just as these meagre supplies are almost exhausted, another couple—the husband dead, the wife alive—are dropped into the cavern. Sinbad bludgeons the wife to death and takes her rations.

Such episodes continue; soon he has a sizable store of bread and water, as well as the gold and gems from the corpses, but is still unable to escape, until one day a wild animal shows him a passage to the outside, high above the sea. From here, a passing ship rescues him and carries him back to Baghdad, where he gives alms to the poor and resumes his life of pleasure.

Burton's footnote comments: "This tale is evidently taken from the escape ofAristomenestheMessenianfrom the pit into which he had been thrown, a fox being his guide. TheArabsin an early day were eager students ofGreek literature."Similarly, the first half of the voyage resembles theCirceepisode inThe Odyssey,with certain differences: while a plant robs Sinbad's men of their reason in the Arab tales, it is Circe's magic which "fattened"Odysseus' men inThe Odyssey.It is in an earlier episode, featuring the 'Lotus Eaters', that Odysseus' men are fed a similar magical fruit which robs them of their senses.

Fifth Voyage

Sindbad's fifth voyage

"When I had been a while on shore after my fourth voyage; and when, in my comfort and pleasures and merry-makings and in my rejoicing over my large gains and profits, I had forgotten all I had endured of perils and sufferings, the carnal man was again seized with the longing to travel and to see foreign countries and islands." Soon at sea once more, while passing a desert island Sinbad's crew spots a gigantic egg that Sinbad recognizes as belonging to aroc.Out of curiosity, the ship's passengers disembark to view the egg. They end up breaking it and have the chick inside as a meal. Sinbad immediately recognizes the folly of their behaviour and orders all back aboard ship. However, the infuriated parent rocs soon catch up with the vessel and destroy it by dropping giant boulders they have carried in their talons.

Shipwrecked yet again, Sinbad is enslaved by theOld Man of the Sea,who rides on his shoulders with his legs twisted round Sinbad's neck and will not let go, riding him both day and night until Sinbad would welcome death. (Burton's footnote discusses possible origins for the old man—theorang-utan,theGreekgod Triton—and favours the African custom of riding on slaves in this way).

Eventually, Sinbad makes wine and tricks the Old Man into drinking some. Sinbad kills him after he falls off. A ship carries him to the City of the Apes, a place whose inhabitants spend each night in boats off-shore, while their town is abandoned to man-eating apes. Yet through the apes, Sinbad recoups his fortune and eventually finds a ship which takes him home once more to Baghdad.

Sixth Voyage

Sinbad during sixth voyage

"My soul yearned for travel and traffic". Sinbad is shipwrecked yet again, this time quite violently as his ship is dashed to pieces on tall cliffs. There is no food to be had anywhere, and Sinbad's companions die of starvation until only he is left. He builds a raft and discovers a river running out of a cavern beneath the cliffs. The stream proves to be filled with precious stones and it becomes apparent that the island's streams flow withambergris.He falls asleep as he journeys through the darkness and awakens in the city of the king ofSerendib(Sri Lanka/Ceylon), "diamonds are in its rivers and pearls are in its valleys". The king marvels at what Sinbad tells him of the greatHaroun al-Rashid,and asks that he take a present back toBaghdadon his behalf, a cup carved from a single ruby, with other gifts including a bed made from the skin of the serpent that swallowed an elephant( "And whoso sitteth upon it never sickeneth" ), and "A hundred thousand miskals ofSindhlign-aloesa. ", and a slave-girl" like a shining moon ". Sinbad returns to Baghdad, where the Caliph wonders greatly at the reports Sinbad gives of Serendib.

Seventh and Last Voyage

"The Caravan" from "Sinbad's Seventh and Last Voyage"

The ever-restless Sinbad sets sail once more, with the usual result. Cast up on a desolate shore, he constructs a raft and floats down a nearby river to a great city. Here the chief of the merchants gives Sinbad his daughter in marriage, names him his heir, and conveniently dies. The inhabitants of this city are transformed once a month into birds, and Sinbad has one of the bird-people carry him to the uppermost reaches of the sky, where he hears the angels glorifying God, "whereat I wondered and exclaimed, 'Praised be God! Extolled be the perfection of God!'" But no sooner are the words out than there comes fire from heaven which all but consumes the bird-men. The bird-people are angry with Sinbad and set him down on a mountain-top, where he meets two youths, servants of God who give him a golden staff; returning to the city, Sinbad learns from his wife that the bird-men are devils, although she and her father were not of their number. And so, at his wife's suggestion, Sinbad sells all his possessions and returns with her to Baghdad, where at last he resolves to live quietly in the enjoyment of his wealth, and to seek no more adventures.

Burton includes a variant of the seventh tale, in which Haroun al-Rashid asks Sinbad to carry a return gift to the king of Serendib. Sinbad replies, "By Allah the Omnipotent, Oh my lord, I have taken a loathing to wayfare, and when I hear the words 'Voyage' or 'Travel,' my limbs tremble". He then tells the Caliph of his misfortune-filled voyages; Haroun agrees that with such a history "thou dost only right never even to talk of travel". Nevertheless, at the Caliph's command, Sinbad sets forth on this, his uniquely diplomatic voyage. The king of Serendib is well pleased with the Caliph's gifts (which include, among other things, the food tray of King Solomon) and showers Sinbad with his favour. On the return voyage, the usual catastrophe strikes: Sinbad is captured and sold into slavery. His master sets him to shooting elephants with a bow and arrow, which he does until the king of the elephants carries him off to the elephants' graveyard. Sinbad's master is so pleased with the huge quantities of ivory in the graveyard that he sets Sinbad free, and Sinbad returns to Baghdad, rich with ivory and gold. "Here I went in to the Caliph and, after saluting him and kissing hands, informed him of all that had befallen me; whereupon he rejoiced in my safety and thanked Almighty Allah; and he made my story be written in letters of gold. I then entered my house and met my family and brethren: and such is the end of the history that happened to me during my seven voyages. Praise be to Allah, the One, the Creator, the Maker of all things in Heaven and Earth!".

Some versions return to the frame story, in which Sinbad the Porter may receive a final generous gift from Sinbad the Sailor. In other versions the story cycle ends here, and there is no further mention of Sinbad the Porter.

Adaptations

Sinbad's quasi-iconic status in Western culture has led to his name being recycled for a wide range of uses in both serious and not-so-serious contexts, frequently with only a tenuous connection to the original tales. Many films, television series, animated cartoons, novels, and video games have been made, most of them featuring Sinbad not as a merchant who stumbles into adventure, but as a dashing dare-devil adventure-seeker.

Films

Sinbad the Sailoranimated short film (1935)

English language animated films

• Sinbad the Sailor(1935) is an animated short film produced and directed byUb Iwerks.
• Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor(1936) is a two-reelanimated cartoonshort subjectin thePopeye Color Featureseries, produced inTechnicolorand released to theatres on 27 November 1936 byParamount Pictures.It was produced byMax FleischerforFleischer Studios,Inc. and directed byDave Fleischer.
• Sinbad(1992) is ananimated filmoriginally released on 18 May 1992 and based on the classicArabian Nightstale, Sinbad the Sailor, and produced byGolden Films.
• Sinbad: Beyond the Veil of Mists(2000) is the first feature-lengthcomputer animationfilm created exclusively usingmotion capture.While many animators worked on the project, the human characters were entirely animated using motion capture.
• Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas(2003) is an Americananimatedadventure filmproduced byDreamWorks Animationand distributed byDreamWorks Pictures.The film usestraditional animationandcomputer animation.It was directed byTim Johnson.

Non-English language animated films

• Arabian naito: Shindobaddo no bôken(Arabian Nights: Adventures of Sinbad) (1962) (animated Japanese film).
• A Thousand and One Nights(1969) Story created byOsamu Tezuka,combination of otherOne Thousand and One Nightsstories and the legends of Sinbad.
• Pohádky Tisíce a Jedné Noci(Tales of 1,001 Nights) (1974), a seven-part animated film byKarel Zeman.
• Doraemon: Nobita's Dorabian Nights(1991).
• Sinbad(film trilogy)(2015–2016) is a series of Japanese animated family adventure films produced byNippon Animationand Shirogumi.
• The Adventures of Sinbad(2013) is an Indian2D animatedfilm directed by Shinjan Neogi and Abhishek Panchal, and produced by Afzal Ahmed Khan.
• Sinbad: Pirates of Seven Storm(2016) A Russian animated film by CTB Film Company.

Live-action English language films

• Arabian Nightsis a 1942adventure filmdirected byJohn Rawlinsand starringSabu,Maria Montez,Jon HallandLeif Erickson.The film is derived fromThe Book of One Thousand and One Nightsbut owes more to the imagination ofUniversal Picturesthan the original Arabian stories. Unlike other films in the genre (The Thief of Bagdad), it features no monsters or supernatural elements.
• Sinbad the Sailor(1947) is a 1947 AmericanTechnicolorfantasy filmdirected byRichard Wallaceand starringDouglas Fairbanks Jr.,Maureen O'Hara,Walter Slezak,andAnthony Quinn.It tells the tale of the "eighth" voyage of Sinbad, wherein he discovers the lost treasure ofAlexander the Great.
• Son of Sinbad(1955) is a 1955 Americanadventure filmdirected byTed Tetzlaff.It takes place in theMiddle Eastand consists of a wide variety of characters including over 127 women.
• The 7th Voyage of Sinbad(1958) is a 1958Technicolorheroic fantasyadventure filmdirected byNathan H. Juranand starringKerwin Mathews,Torin Thatcher,Kathryn Grant,Richard Eyer,andAlec Mango.It was distributed byColumbia Picturesand produced byCharles H. Schneer.
• Captain Sindbad(1963) is a 1963 independently made fantasy and adventure film, produced by Frank King and Herman King (King Brothers Productions), directed byByron Haskin,that starsGuy WilliamsandHeidi Brühl.The film was shot at theBavaria Filmstudios in Germany and was distributed byMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
• The Golden Voyage of Sinbad(1973) afantasy filmdirected byGordon Hesslerand featuringstop motioneffects byRay Harryhausen.It is the second of threeSinbadfilms released byColumbia Pictures.
• Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger(1977) is afantasy filmdirected bySam Wanamakerand featuringstop motioneffects byRay Harryhausen.The film starsPatrick Wayne,Taryn Power,Margaret Whiting,Jane Seymour,andPatrick Troughton.It is the third and finalSinbadfilm released byColumbia Pictures.

Live-action English language direct-to-video films

• Sinbad: The Battle of the Dark Knights(1998) – DTV film about a young boy that must go back in time to help Sinbad.
• The 7 Adventures of Sinbad(2010) is an Americanadventure filmdirected by Adam Silver and Ben Hayflick. As amockbusterdistributed byThe Asylum,it attempts to capitalise onPrince of Persia: The Sands of TimeandClash of the Titans.
• Sinbad and The Minotaur(2011) starringManu Bennettis a 2011 AustralianfantasyB moviedirected byKarl Zwickyserving as an unofficial sequel to the 1947Douglas Fairbanks Jr.filmandHarryhausen's Sinbad trilogy.It combinesArabian Nightshero Sinbad the Sailor with the Greek legend of theMinotaur.
• Sinbad: The Fifth Voyage(2014) starring Shahin Sean Solimon, low-budget film.
• Sinbad and the War of the Furies(2016) An American action film starring John Hennigan, direct-to-streaming.

Live-action non-English language films

• Sinbad Khalashi,orSinbad the Sailoris a 1930Indian silentaction-adventure filmbyRamchandra Gopal Torney.
• Sinbad Jahazi,orSinbad the Sailor,is a 1952 IndianHindi-language adventure film byNanabhai Bhatt.
• Sindbad ki Beti,orDaughter of Sindbad,is a 1958 Indian Hindi-language fantasy film by Ratilal. It follows the daughter of Sindbad as she goes out in search for her missing father.
• Son of Sinbadis a 1958 Indian Hindi-language film by Nanabhai Bhatt. A sequel toSinbad Jahazi,it follows the adventures of the son of Sinbad in high seas.
• Sinbad contro i sette saraceni(Sinbad against the Seven Saracens). (Italian:Sindbad contro i sette saraceni,also known asSinbad Against the 7 Saracens) is a 1964 Italianadventure filmwritten and directed by Emimmo Salvi and starringGordon Mitchell.The film was released straight to television in the United States byAmerican International Televisionin 1965.
• Sindbad Alibaba and Aladdinis a 1965 Indian Hindi-language fantasy-adventure musical film by Prem Narayan Arora. It starredPradeep Kumarin the role of Sindbad.
• Shehzade Sinbad kaf daginda(Prince Sinbad of the Mountains) (1971) (Turkish film).
• Simbad e il califfo di Bagdad(Sinbad and the Caliph of Baghdad) (1973) (Italian film).
• Sinbad of the Seven Seas(1989) is a 1989 Italianfantasy filmproduced and directed byEnzo G. Castellarifrom a story byLuigi Cozzi,revolving around the adventures of Sinbad the Sailor. Sinbad must recover five magical stones to free the city of Basra from the evil spell cast by a wizard, which his journey takes him to mysterious islands and he must battle magical creatures in order to save the world.

Television

English language series and films

• Sinbad Jr. and his Magic Belt(1965).
• The Freedom Force (TV Series)(1978).
• The Adventures of Sinbad(1979) – TV animated film.
• Mystery Science Theater 3000(1993) episode:The Magic Voyage of Sinbad
• The Fantastic Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor(1996–1998) is an Americananimated television seriesbased on theArabian Nightsstory of Sinbad the Sailor and produced byFred Wolf Filmsthat aired beginning 2 February 1998 onCartoon Network.
• The Adventures of Sinbad(1996–98) is aCanadianAction/AdventureFantasytelevision series following on the story from the pilot of the same name.
• The Backyardigans(2007) episode: "Sinbad Sails Alone".
• Sinbad(2012) – A UK television series fromSky1.
• Sindbad & The 7 Galaxies(2016 by Sun TV, picked up byToonavisionin 2020) is an animated children's comedy adventure TV seriescreated byRaja Masilamaniand IP owned byCreative Media Partners.

Note: Sinbad was mentioned, but did not actually appear, in the Season 3 episodeBeen There, Done ThatofXena Warrior Princesswhen one of the story's lovers tells Xena that he was hoping that Hercules would have appeared to save his village from its curse.

Non-English language series and films

• Arabian Nights: Sinbad's Adventures(Arabian Naitsu: Shinbaddo No Bôken, 1975).
• Manga Sekai Mukashi Banashi: The Arabian Nights: Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor(1976) Japanese anime TV series, Directed by Sadao Nozaki and Tatsuya Matano. Producer Yuji Tanno. The origins of this is a series called Manga Hajimete Monogatari This is dubbed in English and narrated by Telly Savalas.
• Alif Laila(1993–1997), an Indian television series based on theOne Thousand and One Nightswhich aired onDoordarshan'sDD National.Episodes titled "Sindbad Jahaazi" focus on the adventures of the sailor, where he is portrayed byShahnawaz Pradhan.
• Princess Dollie Aur Uska Magic Bag(2004–2006), an Indian teen fantasy adventure television series onStar PluswhereVaquar Shaikhportrays Sinbad, one of the main characters in the show along withAli BabaandHatim.
• Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic(2012),Magi: The Kingdom of Magic(2013) andMagi: Adventure of Sinbad(2016) are Japanesefantasyadventuremangaseries.
• Janbaaz Sindbad(2015–2016), an Indian adventure-fantasy television series based on Sinbad the Sailor which aired onZee TV,starringHarsh Rajputin the titular role.

Note: A pair of foreign films that had nothing to do with the Sinbad character were released in North America, with the hero being referred to as "Sinbad" in the dubbed soundtrack. The1952 Russian filmSadko(based on Rimsky-Korsakov'sopera Sadko) was overdubbed and released in English in 1962 asThe Magic Voyage of Sinbad,while the 1963 Japanese filmDai tozoku(whose main character was a heroic pirate named Sukezaemon) was overdubbed and released in English in 1965 asThe Lost World of Sinbad.

Illustration from William Strang'sSinbad the sailor and Ali Baba and the forty thieves

Video games

• In the Arabian Nights-themed video gameSonic and the Secret Rings,Sinbad looks almost exactly likeKnuckles the Echidna.
• In 1978Gottliebmanufacturing released a pinball machine namedSinbad,the artwork featured characters from the movieSinbad and the Eye of the Tiger.Also released, in a shorter run, was anEye of the Tigerpinball game.
• in 1996 the pinball gameTales of the Arabian Nightswas released featuring Sinbad.This game (manufactured byWilliams Electronics) features Sinbad's battle with the Rocs and the Cyclops as side quests to obtain jewels. The game was adapted into the video game compilationPinball Hall of Fame: The Williams Collectionin 2009.
• In 1984 game simply calledSinbadwas released by Atlantis Software.
• In 1986 game calledSinbad and the Golden Shipwas released by Mastertronic Ltd.
• Another 1986 game calledThe Legend of Sinbadwas released by Superior Software.
• in 1987 game calledSinbad and the Throne of the Falconwas released by Cinemaware.

Music

• InNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's suiteScheherazade,the 1st, 2nd, and 4th movements focus on portions of the Sinbad story. Various components of the story have identifiable themes in the work, including rocs and the angry sea. In the climactic final movement, Sinbad's ship (6th voyage) is depicted as rushing rapidly toward cliffs and only the fortuitous discovery of the cavernous stream allows him to escape and make the passage to Serindib.
• The song "Sinbad the Sailor" in thesoundtrackof the Indian filmRock On!!focuses on the story of Sinbad the Sailor in music form.
• Sinbad et la légende de Mizan(2013) A French stage musical. the musical comedy event in Lorraine. An original creation based on the history of Sinbad the Navy, heroes of 1001 nights. A quest to traverse the Orient, 30 artists on stage, mysteries, combats, music and enviable dances... A new adventure for Sinbad, much more dangerous than all the others.
• Sinbad's adventures have appeared on various audio recordings as both readings and dramatizations, includingAli Baba and the Forty Thieves/Sinbad the Sailor(Riverside RecordsRLP 1451/Golden Wonderland GW 231, played byDenis Quilley),Sinbad the Sailor(Tale Spinners for ChildrenonUnited Artists RecordsUAC 11020, played byDerek Hart),Sinbad the Sailor: A Tale from the Arabian Nights(Caedmon RecordsTC-1245/Fontana RecordsSFL 14105, read byAnthony Quayle),Sinbad the Sailor /The Adventures of Oliver Twist and Fagin(Columbia MasterworksML 4072, read byBasil Rathbone),1001 Nights: Sinbad the Sailor and Other Stories(Naxos Audio 8.555899, narrated byBernard Cribbins) andThe Arabian Nights (The Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor)(Disneyland RecordsSTER-3988).
• "Nagisa no Sinbad" ( chử の シンドバッド) was the 4th single released byPink Lady,a popular Japanese duo in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The song has been covered by former idol groupWand by the Japanese super groupMorning Musume.

Literature

• InThe Count of Monte Cristo,"Sinbad the Sailor" is but one of many pseudonyms used byEdmond Dantès.
• In hisUlysses,James Joyceuses "Sinbad the Sailor" as an alias for the character of W.B. Murphy and as an analogue toOdysseus.He also puns mercilessly on the name: Jinbad the Jailer, Tinbad the Tailor, Whinbad the Whaler, and so on.
• InDylan Thomas' play for voices,Under Milk Wood,the barman of the Sailor's Arms pub is named Sinbad Sailors.
• Edgar Allan Poewrote a tale called "The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade".It depicts the 8th and final voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, along with the various mysteries Sinbad and his crew encounter; the anomalies are then described as footnotes to the story.
• Polish poetBolesław Leśmian'sAdventures of Sindbad the Sailoris a set of tales loosely based on the Arabian Nights.
• Hungarian writerGyula Krúdy'sAdventures of Sindbadis a set of short stories based on the Arabian Nights.
• In John Barth's "The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor","Sinbad the Sailor "and his traditional travels frame a series of 'travels' by a 20th-century New Journalist known as 'Somebody the Sailor'.
• Pulitzer Prize winnerSteven Millhauserhas a story entitled "The Eighth Voyage of Sinbad" in his 1990 collectionThe Barnum Museum.

Comics

• "Sinbad the Sailor" (1920) artwork by Paul Klee (Swiss-German artist, 1879–1940).
• In 1950,St. John Publicationspublished a one shot comic calledSon of Sinbad.
• In 1958,Dell Comicspublished a one shot comic based on the filmThe 7th Voyage of Sinbad.
• In 1963,Gold Key Comicspublished a one shot comic based on the filmCaptain Sinbad.
• In 1965,Dell Comicspublished a 3 issue series calledSinbad Jr.
• in 1965Gold Key Comicspublished a 2 issue mini-series calledThe Fantastic Voyages of Sinbad.
• In 1974Marvel Comicspublished a two issue series based on the filmThe Golden Voyage of SinbadinWorlds Unknown#7and #8.They then published a one shot comic based on the filmThe 7th Voyage of Sinbadin 1975 withMarvel Spotlight#25.
• In 1977, the British comic company General Book Distributors, published a one shot comic/magazine based on the filmSinbad and the Eye of the Tiger.
• In 1988,Catalan Communicationspublished the one shot graphic novelThe Last Voyage of Sinbadwritten by Jan Strnd and drawn byRichard Corben.
• In 1989Malibu Comicspublished a 4 issue mini-series calledSinbad,and followed that up with another 4 issue mini-series calledSinbad Book II: In the House of GodIn 1991.
• In 2001,Marvel Comicspublished a one shot comic that teamed Sinbad with theFantastic FourcalledFantastic 4th Voyage of Sinbad.
• In 2007,Bluewater Comicspublished a 3 issue mini-series calledSinbad: Rogue of Mars.
• In 2008, theLerner Publishing Grouppublished a graphic novel calledSinbad: Sailing into Peril.
• In 2009,Zenescope Entertainmentdebuted Sinbad in their Grimm Fairy Tales universe having him appearing as a regular ongoing character. He first appeared in his own 14 issue series called1001 Arabian Nights: The Adventures of Sinbad.Afterwards he appeared in various issues of the Dream Eater saga,as well as the 2011 Annual,Giant-Size,and Special Editionone-shots.
• In 2012, a graphic novel calledSinbad: The Legacy,published by Campfire Books, was released.He appears in the comic book seriesFableswritten byBill Willingham,and as the teenaged Alsind in the comic book seriesArak, Son of Thunder—which takes place in the 9th centuryAD—written byRoy Thomas.
• In Alan Moore'sThe League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier,Sinbad appears as the ImmortalOrlando'slover of thirty years, until he leaves for his 8th Voyage and never returns.
• InThe Simpsonscomic book series "Get Some Fancy Book Learnin'", Sinbad's adventures are parodied as "Sinbart the Sailor".
• "The Last Voyage of Sinbad" byRichard CorbenandJan Strnadoriginally appeared as "New Tales of the Arabian Nights" serialized inHeavy Metalmagazine, issues #15–28 (1978–79) and was later collected and reprinted as a trade paperback book.
• Sinbad is a major character in the Japanese manga seriesMagi: The Labyrinth of Magicwritten and illustrated byShinobu Ohtaka.

Theme parks

• Sinbad provides the theme for the dark rideSinbad's Storybook VoyageatTokyo DisneySea.
• Sinbad embarks on an adventure to save a trapped princess in thewater-basedboat ride,The Adventures of Sinbad atLotte WorldinSeoul,South Korea.
• TheEftelingtheme park atKaatsheuvelin the Netherlands has a land themed after Sinbad calledDe Wereld van Sindbad(The World of Sinbad). It includes the indoorroller coasterVogel Rok,themed after Sinbad's fifth voyage, andSirocco,ateacupsride.
• The elaborate live-action stunt showThe Eighth Voyage of Sinbadat theUniversal OrlandoResort in Florida features a story inspired by Sinbad's voyages.

Other references

• Actor and comedian David Adkins has performed under the stage nameSinbadsince the 1980s.
• An LTR retrotransposon from the genome of the human blood fluke,Schistosoma mansoni,is named after Sinbad.It is customary for mobile genetic elements like retrotransposons to be named after mythical, historical, or literary travelers; for example, the well-known mobile genetic elementsGypsyandMariner.

See also

• Aeneid
• Gulliver's Travels
• List of literary cycles
• Odyssey
• Sunpadh
• The Voyage of Bran
• Baron Munchausen

Sources

• Haddawy, Husain (1995).The Arabian Nights.Vol. 1. WW Norton.ISBN978-0-393-31367-3.
• Pinault, D. (1998)."Sindbad".In Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (eds.).Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature.Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis. pp. 721–723.ISBN9780415185721.

Further reading

• Beazley, Charles Raymond(1911)."Sindbad the Sailor, Voyages of".InChisholm, Hugh(ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 141–142.This includes a detailed analysis of potential sources and comparable tales across contemporaneous and earlier texts.
• Copeland, CS; Mann, VH; Morales, ME; Kalinna, BH; Brindley, PJ (23 February 2005)."The Sinbad retrotransposon from the genome of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, and the distribution of related Pao-like elements".BMC Evol Biol.5(1): 20.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-20.PMC554778.PMID15725362.
• Favorov, OV; Ryder, D (12 March 2004). "Sinbad: a neocortical mechanism for discovering environmental variables and regularities hidden in sensory input".Biol Cybern.90(3): 191–202.doi:10.1007/s00422-004-0464-8.PMID15052482.S2CID680298.
• Marcelli, A; Burattini, E; Mencuccini, C; Calvani, P; Nucara, A; Lupi, S; Sanchez Del Rio, M (1 May 1998)."Sinbad, a brilliant IR source from the DAPhiNE storage ring".Journal of Synchrotron Radiation.5(3). J Synchrotron Radiat: 575–7.Bibcode:1998JSynR...5..575M.doi:10.1107/S0909049598000661.PMID15263583..

External links

• Mart, Stefan,Story of Sindbad the Sailor.
• Mart, Stefan (1933),"Sindbad the Sailor: 21 Illustrations by Stefan Mart",Tales of the Nations(illustrations)