Sind Province (1936–1955)

For the modern province, seeSindh.

Sind
Province of British India(1936–1947) Provinceof theDominion of Pakistan(1947–1955)
1936–1955
Flag
Sind, highlighted in red on the map ofBritish Raj
Capital	Karachi(1936-1947) Hyderabad(1947-1955)
Area
•	123,080 km2(47,520 sq mi)
History
• Formation of Sind Province	1 April 1936
• Province ofPakistan	14 August 1947
• Disestablished	14 October 1955
Preceded by Succeeded by Bombay Presidency Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan) West Pakistan

Sind(sometimes calledScinde,Sindhi:سنڌ‎) was a province ofBritish Indiafrom 1 April 1936 to 1947 andDominion of Pakistanfrom 14 August 1947 to 14 October 1955. Under the British, it encompassed the current territorial limits excluding the princely state ofKhairpur.Its capital wasKarachi.After Pakistan's creation, the province lost the city of Karachi, as it became the capital of the newly created country. It became part ofWest Pakistanupon the creation of theOne Unit Scheme.

Administrative divisions

On 1 April 1936Sind divisionwas separated fromBombay Presidencyand established as a province.

At that time the Province's Administration division are listed below:

Sind (British India): British Territory and Princely State

Division	Districts in British Territory / Princely State	Map
Hyderabad Division	Hyderabad Tharparkar Nawabshah Sukkur Upper Sind Frontier Larkana Karachi Dadu
Total area, British Territory	123,080 km2(47,520 sq mi)
Native States	Khairpur
Total area, Native States	15,730 km2(6,070 sq mi)
Total area, Sind	123,080 km2(47,520 sq mi)

Location

The province was bordered by Karachi (within theFederal Capital Territoryafter 1948) and the princely states ofLas BelaandKalaton the west. To the north were the provinces ofBaluchistanandWest Punjab.The province bordered the princely state ofBahawalpuron the northeast and it enclosed on three sides the princely state ofKhairpur.The Indian states ofRajasthanandGujaratwere beyond its borders to the east and south. On the southwest lay theArabian Sea,with the Sind's coastline consisting entirely of river deltas, including theIndus River Deltaup to Sind's border with the city ofKarachi,now the capital of present-daySindh.

History

Main article:History of Sindh

Sindh was first settled by theIndus Valley CivilizationandMohenjo-Daro,as early as 1750 BC. It hadGreekinfluence during its history after the expansion of theMacedonian Empire,and developed trade with surrounding regions. SeveralSunni MuslimandRajputkingdoms were set up there, beginning with theRai dynastyand ending with theArghuns.TheMughal Empireconquered Sindh under the rule ofAkbarin the year 1591. Soon after the coming of European companies, in particular theEast India Company,the Mughal hold on the area loosened, and in 1843 Sindh became part of the British India and itsBombay Presidencyon 1 October 1848. Later it became Sindh province on 1 April 1935 under All India Act of 1935.Sind Province.

1936–1947

On 1 April 1936,Sindwas separated fromBombay Presidencyto get the status of a province and the provincial capital was settled inKarachi.Hyderabad divisionwas formed on the place ofSind division.

1947–1955

Following a resolution in theSindh Legislative Assemblyabout joining Pakistan, with the independence andPartition of Indiain August 1947 Sindh became part of Pakistan.

In 1948,Karachi city(2,103 km2 area) separated from Sind to form theFederal Capital Territory of Pakistan.Apart from the city, the remaining areas ofKarachi districtremained part ofSindand a newdistrict of Thattawas formed from these areas.

On 11 December 1954, theSindh Legislative Assemblyvoted by 100 to 4 in favour of the One Unit policy announced byPrime MinisterChaudhry Mohammad Ali,and Sindh was merged into the new province ofWest Pakistanon 14 October 1955.

Demographics

By the time ofindependencein 1947 Sindh had a Muslim majority for centuries but there were significant minorities of Hindus throughout the province. In 1947 due to communal tensions and partition two millionMuslim muhajirmigrated to Pakistan while most Sindhi Hindus fled to India.

The Muslims from India were mostlyUrduspeaking.

Government

Map of the province post-partition

The offices of Governor of Sindh and Premier (later Chief Minister) of Sindh were established in 1936 when Sindh became a province. This system continued until 1955 when Sindh was dissolved.

Tenure	Governor of Sindh
1 April 1936	Province of Sindh established
1 April 1936 – 1 August 1938	SirLancelot Graham(first time)
1 August 1938 – 1 December 1938	Joseph Garrett (acting)
1 December 1938 – 1 April 1941	SirLancelot Graham(2nd time)
1 April 1941 – 15 January 1946	SirHugh Dow
15 January 1946 – 14 August 1947	Sir Robert Francis Mudie
14 August 1947	Independence of Pakistan
14 August 1947 – 4 October 1948	SirGhulam Hussain Hidayatullah
4 October 1948 – 19 November 1952	Sheikh Din Muhammad
19 November 1952 – 1 May 1953	Mian Aminuddin
1 May 1953 – 12 August 1953	George Baxandall Constantine
12 August 1953 – 23 June 1954	Habib Ibrahim Rahmatullah
23 June 1954 – 14 October 1955	Iftikhar Hussain Khan
14 October 1955	Province of Sindh dissolved

Name of Premier (pre-partition)	Entered Office	Left Office	Political Party/Notes
Ghulam Hussain Hidayat Ullah(1st time)	28 April 1937	23 March 1938	Muslim People's Party
Allah Bux Soomro(1st time)	23 March 1938	18 April 1940	Ittehad Party
Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur	18 April 1940	7 March 1941	All-India Muslim League
Allah Bux Soomro(2nd time)	7 March 1941	14 October 1942	Ittehad Party
Ghulam Hussain Hidayat Ullah(2nd time)	14 October 1942	14 August 1947	Muslim People's Party

Tenure	Chief Minister of Sind	Political party
14 August 1947 – 28 April 1948	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (1st time)	Pakistan Muslim League
3 May 1948 – 4 February 1949	Pir Illahi Bakhsh	Pakistan Muslim League
18 February 1949 – 7 May 1950	Yusuf Haroon	Non-partisan
8 May 1950 – 24 March 1951	Qazi Fazlullah Ubaidullah	Non-partisan
25 March 1951 – 29 December 1951	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (2nd time)	Pakistan Muslim League
29 December 1951 – 22 May 1953	Governor's rule
22 May 1953 – 8 November 1954	Pirzada Abdus Sattar	Pakistan Muslim League
9 November 1954 – 14 October 1955	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (3rd time)	Pakistan Muslim League
14 October 1955	Province of Sindh dissolved

Elections

• 1937
• 1946

See also

• Sindh
• Khairpur
• Karachi