Siona language
Siona | |
---|---|
Gantëya coca | |
Native to | Colombia,Ecuador |
Region | Putumayo River |
Ethnicity | Siona people,Teteté people |
Native speakers | 500 (2000–2008)[1] |
Tucanoan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:snn – Sionateb – Teteté |
Glottolog | sion1247 |
ELP | Baicoca-Siecoca (shared) |
Siona(otherwise known as Bain Coca, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Ganteyabain, Ganteya, Ceona, Zeona, Koka, Kanú) is aTucanoan languageofColombiaandEcuador.The language is essentially the same asSecoya,but speakers are ethnically distinct.
As of 2013, Siona is spoken by about 550 people.[2] Teteté dialect (Eteteguaje) is extinct.[3]
Phonology
[edit]Vowels
[edit]There are 6 oral vowels and six nasal vowels. Only nasal vowels occur next to a nasal consonant/m/or/n/.
Back | Central | Front | |
---|---|---|---|
High | iĩ | ɨɨ̃ | uũ |
Mid | ɛæ̃ | oõ | |
Low | aã |
Consonants
[edit]There are two series of obstruent consonant. Both often produce a noticeable delay before the onset of the following vowel: the 'fortis' series (writtenp t č k kw s h hw) tends to beaspirated,with a noisy transition to the vowel, while the 'lenis' series (writtenb d g gw ’ z), optionally voiced, isglottalized,with a silent transition to the vowel, which in turn tends to belaryngealized.Theglottal stopis faint, and noticeable primarily in the laryngealizing effect it has on adjacent vowels.
bilabial | alveolar | prepalatal | velar | labio-velar | glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | fortis | pʰ | t̪ʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | kʷʰ | ʔ |
lenis | pˀ~bˀ | ʈˀ~ɖˀ~ɾ | kˀ~ɡˀ | kʷˀ~ɡʷˀ | |||
Fricative | s;sˀ~zˀ | h;hʷ | |||||
Nasal | m | n | |||||
Semivowel | j~ɲ | w |
/ʈˀ/is realized as[ɾ]between vowels./j/is realized as[ɲ]next to nasal vowels.
Stress
[edit]Stress is obligatory on all verb stems, root words, and some suffixes. It disappears when the syllable is not the nucleus of aphonological word.Some monosyllabic morphemes have both stressed and unstressed forms. Although the position of stress within a word is not contrastive, vocalic and consonantal allophony depends on whether a syllable is stressed. Initial stressed vowels followed by unstressed vowels are long and have a falling tone.
References
[edit]- ^SionaatEthnologue(18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
TetetéatEthnologue(18th ed., 2015)(subscription required) - ^"Vocabulary of the Language Used by the Indians in These Missions".World Digital Library.Retrieved2013-05-23.
- ^Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
External links
[edit]- Wheeler, Alva. 1970.Grammar of the Siona language, Colombia, South America.Ph.D. thesis. University of California. 192 p.
- Vocabulario de la lengua que usan los indios de estas misiones.World Digital Library.c. 1600s.Retrieved2013-05-23.
- Siona(Intercontinental Dictionary Series)