Jump to content

Skopska Crna Gora

Coordinates:42°11′24″N21°26′24″E/ 42.19000°N 21.44000°E/42.19000; 21.44000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Crna Gora (mountain)" redirects here. For other uses, seeCrna Gora (disambiguation).
Skopska Crna Gora
MacedonianandSerbian:Скопска Црна Гора,Skopska Crna Gora
Albanian:Mali i Zi i Shkupit / Malet e Karadakut
Turkish:Karadağ
Highest point
PeakRamno
Elevation1,651 m (5,417 ft)
Coordinates42°11′24″N21°26′24″E/ 42.19000°N 21.44000°E/42.19000; 21.44000
Naming
Native nameСкопска Црна Гора(Macedonian)
Geography
Skopska Crna Gora is located in North Macedonia
Skopska Crna Gora
Skopska Crna Gora
Location of the mountain withinNorth Macedonia
Location
Skopska Crna Gora location

Skopska Crna GoraorKaradak Mountains(MacedonianandSerbian:Скопска Црна Гора,pronounced[skôpskaːtsr̩̂ːnaːɡǒra];Albanian:Malësia e Karadakut), often called simplyCrna Gora(Macedonian and Serbian:Црна Гора;Albanian:Mali i Zi), is a mountain range and ethnographic region inNorth Macedonia,KosovoandSerbia.The highest peak is Ramno 1,651 m (5,417 ft) in Macedonia.[1]The largest town on the mountain isKučevištein North Macedonia.[1][2]

Name

[edit]

Skopska Crna Gora is also known asKaradak(from earlierTurkish:Karadağ– "Black Mountain";MacedonianandSerbian:Карадаг;Albanian:Karadak), which appeared after the Ottoman conquest of the region.[3]

Geography

[edit]
Pogragja Castle(Gjilan), in the northernmost point of the Skopska Crna Gora region

Skopska Crna Gora extends from theKaçanik Gorgeto the west - toPreševska Moravica[sr]and theGorge of Končuljin the east. In the north, it stretches fromBinačka MoravatoAračinovoin the south. The relief structure is fragmented due to the rivers of the region which descend from high points and carry eroded material. Additionally, the geological composition of the region is complicated as there are new sediments in the west,Mesozoiclayers in the middle and oldPalaeozoiclayers in the east. The most important rivers are Letnica, Golemareka, Karadak, Pasjani, Lashtica, and Llapushnica. 31% of the region consists of arable land, whereas 11% consists of pastures and meadows. Due to the lack of nutrition available, the keeping of livestock is limited. Skopska Crna Gora consists of high mountain peaks ranging from 700–1,650m. The mountains covers around 389 km2(150 sq mi) and consist of around 50,000 inhabitants, with a density of about 120 per km.[4]

Municipalities that lie in the region include:

Kosovo:

Kaçanik,Viti,Elez Han,Gjilan,Ranilug,Parteš,Klokot

Serbia:

Bujanovac,Preševo

North Macedonia:

Čučer-Sandevo,Lipkovo,Aračinovo,Butel,Gazi Baba

History

[edit]

Middle Ages

[edit]

It is not known since when this area is called by its current name, however it was first mentioned in the 13th century when the TsarKonstantin Tihleft the villages in his endowment. The name was mentioned again in 1300, in the charter ofKing Milutinin the Church of Saint George in Skopje. After the Ottoman conquest of Skopje, the name was translated into Kara-Dag, which is used until this day.[3]

Ottoman Times

[edit]

During the Ottoman period the region remained out of the reach of the regular Ottoman civil administration.[5]The Kosovar part of the region was turned into anahiyaby the Ottomans and was named Karatonlu, while the Macedonian part was turned into aKazaand was named Karadak.[6]In this period manyAlbanian Clans(vllazni)settled in the region, thus around 8-10% of the Albanian population belonged to theBerisha tribe,[7]while descendants of theKrasniqi tribesettled in the villages ofGošince,Slupčane,AlaševceandRunica.[8]There are also members of theMirditaandSopitribes which settled in the region.

The Ottomandefterrecorded statistics for the Kaza of Karadak in 1831. There were 4,282 males, of which 2,722 were Muslims, 1452 Christians, and 108Romagypsies. The general population is therefore estimated to have consisted of 8,564 people, including 5,444 Muslim Albanians, 2,904 Christians (mainly Albanians and Bulgarians) and 216 Roma gypsies.[9]

FollowingTanzimatreforms in 1839 and the sacking of local pashas, Albanians from Skopska Crna Gora andŠar,led byDervish Cara,revoltedinAračinovo.[10]In January 1844 the rebels capturedGostivarandTetovo.In February 1844 the rebels attacked and captured the whole region, including the towns ofSkopje,Kumanovo,Preševo,Bujanovac,VranjeandLeskovac.[11]A National Council led by Dervish Cara was created, but the revolt was ultimately suppressed by the Ottomans, led by Hayredin Pasha in the summer of 1844.

During the mid-1800s, Catholic Albanians wereexpelledby Ottoman authorities.[12]

During theAlbanian revolt of 1910,Albanian fighters from Skopska Crna Gora under the command ofIdriz Seferirebelled against the Ottomans and managed to defeat them in theBattle of Kaçanik.[13][14]In 1912, the Albaniansrebelledagain and managed to captureSkopje.[15][16]

Modern history

[edit]

The region became part of theKingdom of Serbiaafter theFirst Balkan War.Following this the region became a battleground between the Serbian forces supported byChetniksandAlbanian KachaksunderIdriz SeferiandAjet Sopi Bllataas well as theMacedonian IMRO insurgents.[17][18]The region wasoccupiedby theKingdom of Bulgariaduring theFirst World Warand became part of the newly establishedKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenesafter it ended.

During theInterwar periodmany Serb colonizers settled in the region[19][20]

After theInvasion of Yugoslaviain 1941 the region was given to theKingdom of Bulgaria,which resulted inAlbanian resistanceled byMulla Idriz Gjilani.[21][22]TheKaradak Uprisingwas later mostly quelled byBulgariaand theYugoslav partisan forcesafter theStratsin–KumanovoandKosovo Operation,but low intense fighting under the command of Hasan Ali Remniku continued until 1951.

During theYugoslav Wars,Serb separatists supported by theFR Yugoslaviasought to create a Serbian breakaway State named "Karadak republic" in the region.[23]

From 1998 to 1999, during theKosovo Warthe "Karadak Operational Zone" of theKLA(which also included large parts of theAnamoravaRegion) remained inactive, thus the region saw less fighting than other parts of Kosovo.[24]But from 1999 to 2001, during theInsurgency in the Presevo Valleyand theInsurgency in Macedoniathe Serbian and Macedonian parts of the region became major strongholds of the Albanian separatist organizationsNLAandLAPMB.

Culture

[edit]

TheAlbaniansof Skopska Crna Gora have a dialect of their own, which in itself is a north-eastern extremity of centralGheg Albanian.The dialect borders on the verge of north-eastern Gheg Albanian.[25]

TheMacedonianandSerbianpopulations of the region speak theSkopska Crna Gora dialect,a subdialect ofTorlakian.

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abМала енциклопедија Просвета[Little Encyclopedia of Prosveta] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Prosveta. 1969. p. 589.
  2. ^Elsie, Robert (2011).Historical dictionary of Kosovo(2nd ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 152.ISBN978-0-8108-7483-1.
  3. ^abС. Томић, Скопска Црна Гора, Српски етнолошки зборник 3, Београд 1905, 409—417.
  4. ^Ramadani, Nijazi (23 February 2014).Shtegtime ne histori (Monografia për kokajt 1842-2012).pp. 1–2.
  5. ^Lauer, Reinhard; Majer, Hans Georg (12 December 2013).Osmanen und Islam in Südosteuropa(in German). Walter de Gruyter.ISBN978-3-11-026059-5.
  6. ^"Nexhat Cocaj".Google Docs.Retrieved24 December2022.
  7. ^"Berisha, djepi iliro-arbnor i Alpeve shqiptare".Gazeta Dita.Retrieved25 May2022.
  8. ^Naučno društvo Bosne i Hercegovine: Odjeljenje istorisko-filoloških nauka.Vol. 26. 1965. p. 199.Arbanasa fisa Krasnića ima u selima: Gošnicu, Slupćanu, Alaševcu, Ruđincu.
  9. ^Prifti, Kristaq (2005)."The Population of the Kaza of Shkup according to the Ottoman Registration of the Year 1831".Studime Historike(3–04): 36.
  10. ^La Question Nationale En Europe Du Sud-Est: Genese, Emergence Et Développement de L'Identite Nationale Albanaise Au Kosovo Et En Macedoine Author Bashkim Iseni Publisher Peter Lang, 2008ISBN3-03911-320-8,ISBN978-3-03911-320-0p.174
  11. ^Albanische Geschichte: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung Volume 140 of Südosteuropäische Arbeiten Authors Oliver Jens Schmitt, Eva Anne Frantz Editors Oliver Jens Schmitt, Eva Anne Frantz Publisher Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2009ISBN3-486-58980-6,ISBN978-3-486-58980-1p. 168
  12. ^"NË STUBLLAVAQË GJURMËVE TË MARTIRËVE TË KARADAKUT".drita.info.14 March 2016.
  13. ^Elsie 2012, p. 403
  14. ^Gawrych 2006,p. 177.
  15. ^Pearsons 2004, p. 24
  16. ^Skendi 1967,p. 436.
  17. ^Monografiawikimedia.org
  18. ^Trotsky 1980, p. 117
  19. ^Clark, Howard (2000).Civil resistance in Kosovo.Pluto Press. p. 10.ISBN9780745315690.
  20. ^Qirezi 2017,p. 54
  21. ^Elsie, Robert (2013).A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History.Londër: I.B.Tauris. p. 172.ISBN9781780764313.
  22. ^Elsie, Robert (15 November 2010).Historical Dictionary of Kosovo.Scarecrow Press.ISBN978-0-8108-7483-1.
  23. ^Phillips, John (1 January 2004).Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans.Yale University Press.ISBN978-0-300-10268-0.
  24. ^Schnabel, Albrecht; Gunaratna, Rohan (2006).Understanding and Managing Insurgent Movements.Marshall Cavendish Academic.ISBN978-981-210-429-8.
  25. ^Hamiti, Asllan (2011)."THE SPECIALTY OF PHONETIC-PHONOLOGY IN THE SPOKEN OF KARADAK, SHKUP"(PDF).Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca.4:672.

Sources

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toSkopska Crna Gora.
  • "Skopska Crna Gora",Srpski etnografski zbornik, VI,Belgrade, 1905
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skopska_Crna_Gora&oldid=1238155948"