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Solidarity Federation

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Solidarity Federation
AbbreviationSF or SolFed
Established
  • 1950;74 years ago(1950)(as SWF)
  • 1979;45 years ago(1979)(as DAM)
  • 1994;30 years ago(1994)(as SF)
TypePolitical organisation
HeadquartersManchester
Location
Membership(2016)
250
PublicationDirect Action
AffiliationsInternational Workers' Association
Websitesolfed.org.uk
Formerly called
  • Syndicalist Workers Federation (until 1979)
  • Direct Action Movement (until 1994)
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TheSolidarity Federation(SF; SolFed) is aBritishanarcho-syndicalistpolitical organisation.It advocates for the abolition ofcapitalismand thestatethroughindustrial action,which it agitates for inindustrial networksandlocal groups.

Originally established as theSyndicalist Workers Federation(SWF) in 1950, it became the British section of theInternational Workers' Association(IWA). In 1979, it reorganised into theDirect Action Movement(DAM), which participated in a number of industrial disputes during the 1980s and organised a short-lived couriers' union. Splits ofanarchist communistsfrom the organisation preceded its reorganisation into the Solidarity Federation, which it took the form of in 1994.

History

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Background

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During theSpanish Civil War,manyBritish anarchistsmoved towardsanarcho-syndicalismand formed syndicalist organisations to support the SpanishNational Confederation of Labour(CNT).[1]After the defeat of the Spanish anarchists in the war, the British anarchist movement attempted to reorganise itself, culminating in the establishment of theAnarchist Federation of Britain(AFB), which included anarchists of various different tendencies.[2]

Syndicalist Workers Federation

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By the end ofWorld War II,syndicalists had risen to the leadership of the AFB, causing a split in the organisation.[3]In August 1950,[4]the syndicalists that were left over in the AFB reorganised into the Syndicalist Workers Federation (SWF).[5]The SWF affiliated itself to theInternational Workers' Association(IWA), a syndicalistpolitical international,as the organisation's British section.[4]The SWF was broadly syndicalist in orientation, rather than specifically anarcho-syndicalist.[4]Many of the initial members of the SWF werepacifists,who rejected violence as a means of class conflict.[6]

The SWF experienced a period of growth through the 1950s and 1960s.[4]In 1965, an estimated 150 syndicalists were organising in Britain; 100 were affiliated with the exiled CNT and 50 with the SWF.[7]During the late 1970s, the structures of the SWF began to change under the influence of new members, who had filtered into the organisation from thepunk subculture.[8]By the end of the decade, it only had one remaining local branch, located inManchester.[4]

Direct Action Movement

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In March 1979,[9]the remaining members of the SWF reorganised themselves into the Direct Action Movement (DAM),[10]which experienced a period of growth throughout the early 1980s.[8]The DAM initially sought support from the international syndicalist movement, but its organisational capacity was weak and British trade unionism was comparatively strong, so it was only capable of supporting existing industrial unions in Britain.[11]Although the successor to an older organisation, the DAM themselves acknowledged that "syndicalism in this country has not really existed since the early 1920s."[9]ItsDirect Actionmagazine, initially edited in the cut-and-paste style of a punkfanzine,took a more serious and professional editorial style when reporting on the industrial disputes of the 1980s.[9]

The DAM supported theminers' strike of 1984-1985,[12]which it recognised as a movement directed by the union rank-and-file, in spite of its own criticisms of theauthoritarian politicsof NUM leaderArthur Scargill.[13]The DAM raised funds for miners' support groups, protested on picket lines and organised a congress to encouragesolidarity actionsfrom workers in other industrial sectors.[14]One member of the DAM, theDoncaster-basedDave Douglass,was one of the few striking miners that self-identified as an anarchist; he was also critical of the NUM leadership and organised direct actions to "improve the effectiveness of the miners' strike".[15]In 1985, the DAM co-foundedAnti-Fascist Action,within which it was active into the 1990s.[16]The DAM later participated in theopposition to the poll taxand theprotests against it.[17]

In the late 1980s, the DAM began attempting to establish its own anarcho-syndicalist unions as an alternative to the reformist unions.[18]Its only success on this front was the establishment of the Dispatch Industry Workers Union (DIWU), which organised delivery couriers from 1989 to 1992.[18]This change in policy provoked a number of splits from the organisation, as some members thought all unions were inherently reformist, even if they were anarcho-syndicalist in orientation.[19]In 1986, the group Syndicalist Fight (SyF) split off and later merged into theAnarchist Communist Federation(ACF); and in 1987, the Anarchist Workers Group (AWG) split off and later merged into theRevolutionary Communist Party(RCP).[20]

Solidarity Federation

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In 1994, the remnants of the DAM reorganised into the Solidarity Federation (SF), which adopted a new strategy.[21]Rather than attempting to establish independent anarcho-syndicalist unions, the SF instead seeks to create networks of workerswithin existing unions,[22]with the intention of participating in workplace struggles and propagandising for anarcho-syndicalism.[23]After its formation, the SF became the British section of the IWA.[24]It also took over publication of the magazineDirect Action,[25]which was previously published by the DAM.[26]

Campaigns

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SolFedEnd Unpaid Work2012 campaign logo

SolFed has carried out a series ofdirect actioncampaigns within the industries its members work in. One SolFed member, working within theNational Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers(RMT), organised a "workmates experience" campaign in theLondon Underground,where they organised againstoutsourcingand built solidarity between union and non-union workers. AtBrighton University,SolFed established a "pop-up union" to organiseprecarious workers,despite the opposition of theUniversity and College Union(UCU).[17]

SolFed has formed close ties with the British branch of theIndustrial Workers of the World(IWW) and the two frequently collaborate,[27]despite ideological and organisational differences.[28]InNottingham,the local SolFed group has participated in the Nottingham Association of Subversive Activists (NASA).[29]OnInternational Workers' Day,in 2000, SolFed participated in an anti-capitalist demonstration inLondon,during which a statue ofWinston Churchillwas vandalised.[30]Following the rise offar-right politics in the United Kingdomin the 21st century, SolFed rejected working withUnite Against Fascism,which it criticised for "class collaboration",and instead called foranti-fascismto be carried out throughclass struggle.[16]This culminated in the early 2010s, SolFed supported the establishment of theAnti-Fascist Network,formed to provide an organised anarchist opposition to the English far-right.[31]

Solidarity Federation's 2012 national campaign againstworkfareinitially focused specifically onHolland and Barrett,a health supplement corporation making use of placements staffed by unpaid benefits claimants. On 5 July 2012, after a sustained series ofpicketsat Holland and Barrett stores across theUK,the company announced via social media and its website that it was pulling out of the workfare scheme, citing negative publicity.[32][33]

In October 2013, Brighton SolFed launched its Hospitality Workers Campaign, which aimed to bring together hospitality workers facingprecarityand encourage solidarity and mutual aid between them.[17]The campaign attracted support from the city's Spanish migrant workers, many of whom worked in hospitality or healthcare for low pay and in poor working conditions.[34]SolFed interviewed hospitality workers in order to identify abusive employers and inform them of their rights as workers in the UK. Workers were also provided with legal representation and encouraged to take industrial action.[35]The campaign attracted significant support from hospitality workers, who for the most part were not unionised.[36]

In 2013, SolFed members inLiverpoolparticipated in thePeople's Assembly Against Austerity,but they later expressed disappointment with the experience, reporting that it had consisted largely ofspeecheswithout any organisation of political action.[37]The following year, they collaborated with members of theLeft Unityparty to organisesocial centres,International Women's Dayevents andpolitical demonstrationsagainstausterity.[38]

Organisation

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The Solidarity Federation is organised into industrial networks and local groups.[39]SolFed has afederal structure,based ondecentralisedandautonomousgroups, which it sees as both a means and an end.[40]Following the organisational principles of anarcho-syndicalism, SolFed upholdsparticipatory decision-making,in which individuals have the right to self-determination and decisions are driven by popular consensus.[41]Members of SolFed are required to paydues,which enables them to elect local representatives and asecretariat.[42]SolFed opposes participation inpolitical parties,as exemplified in its slogan "The union not party".[43]Unlike other anarcho-syndicalist organisations, SolFed is not itself a trade union, but rather apolitical organisationdedicated to the promotion ofself-organisationandclass consciousness.[17]

Its industrial networks are organised as non-hierarchical and federal structures, which they intend to act as asynecdocheof post-capitalist social structures.[43]This practice reflects aprefigurative politics,in which SolFed seeks to build "a new society within the shell of the old";[44]although unlike other anarcho-syndicalists, who see their own organisations as a prefiguration of apost-capitalist society,SolFed has resisted characterising itself as a universal form for organising society.[45]Through its industrial networks, SolFed has organised in several economic sectors, including in the communication, education, public administration and transportation sectors.[46]

Although their primary focus is on organising industrial workers, in the 21st century, SolFed has increasingly emphasised other forms of organising outside the setting of the workplace.[47]SolFed has established a number of local organisations, which engage in community organising and social activism, alongside support for workplace activities.[48]By the 2010s, SolFed counted 10 local groups, with 4 more locals in formation.[49]It is relatively small organisation, with only a few hundreds members;[17]as of 2015, it claimed to have 200 members.[42]

SolFed refuses to pay for professional union officials, as it believes their interests would become separate from those of the rank-and-file and therefore make them more likely to seek compromises with employers.[50]All official positions in the SF, whether taking minutes, chairing meetings or negotiating with other organisations, are temporary and unpaid positions, in order to keep their interests in line with that of the rank-and-file.[41]

Ideology

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The Solidarity Federation advocates forsolidarity,which it views as a means for workers'empowerment.[51]SolFed believes thatprofit-seeking is the main cause of theexploitation of labour,political repressionandeconomic inequality.[52]Asanarcho-syndicalists,SolFed considers the workplace to be the venue best suited forclass conflictand favours the organisation of workers intoindustrial unions.[53]SolFed's preferred tactics include various differentdirect actions,fromstrike actionstoworkplace occupationsandsabotage.[54]

SolFed seeks short-term improvements to working conditions,[17]and in the long-term, desires the abolition of thestateandcapitalism.[55]They ultimately advocate for the establishment of an industrial economy based onworkers' self-management,in which individual needs are prioritised over profit.[56]SolFed considers thegeneral striketo be a means to achieve such asocial revolution.[57]

In a break from traditional anarcho-syndicalism, which upholds "strategic centralism", SolFed argues for adiversity of tacticsin order to oppose all forms ofoppressionand hierarchical power.[58]While agitating againsteconomic oppression,SolFed also proposes the establishment of localised organisations to oppose other forms of oppression, includingenvironmental degradation,sexism,racismandhomophobia.[59]SolFed is also opposed to existing institutions ofmass media,which it considers to be a mouthpiece for the ruling class, and has called instead for the establishment of independent media.[60]

As a means to achieve workers' self-management, SolFed historically preferred workplace occupations over strike actions; they believed that in order to deny themanagerial classaccess to the workplace, the workers themselves would be required to have a higher level ofsolidarityand cohesiveself-organisationthan any strike action.[61]In his bookRebel Alliances,historian Benjamin Franks criticised this argument against strike actions, which he said constituted a "hierarchy of industrial action, which freezes methods according to their predetermined position".[62]

References

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  1. ^Franks 2006,p. 50.
  2. ^Franks 2006,p. 51.
  3. ^Franks 2006,p. 53;Franks 2009,p. 1.
  4. ^abcdeBarberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2000,p. 168.
  5. ^Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2000,p. 168;Franks 2006,p. 53;Franks 2009,p. 1.
  6. ^Franks 2006,p. 145.
  7. ^Franks 2006,p. 361n164.
  8. ^abFranks 2006,p. 74.
  9. ^abcCross 2014,p. 135.
  10. ^Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2000,pp. 167–168;Cross 2014,p. 135;Franks 2006,p. 74;Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,p. 9.
  11. ^Franks 2006,p. 81;Franks 2009,p. 1.
  12. ^Franks 2005,p. 239;Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,p. 9.
  13. ^Franks 2005,p. 239.
  14. ^Franks 2005,pp. 239–240.
  15. ^Franks 2005,pp. 240–241.
  16. ^abTesta 2017,p. 12.
  17. ^abcdefRoca & Martín-Díaz 2017,p. 9.
  18. ^abFranks 2006,pp. 81–82;Franks 2009,p. 1.
  19. ^Franks 2006,pp. 82–83;Franks 2009,p. 1.
  20. ^Franks 2006,pp. 82–83.
  21. ^Franks 2006,p. 82;Franks 2009,p. 1.
  22. ^Franks 2006,pp. 82, 238;Franks 2009,p. 1;Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,p. 11.
  23. ^Franks 2006,pp. 82, 238.
  24. ^Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2000,p. 167;Franks 2006,pp. 19, 82;Franks 2009,pp. 1–2;Kinna 2005,pp. 4, 109;Lamb 2024,p. 273;Testa 2017,p. 12.
  25. ^Franks 2006,pp. 82, 115–116;Franks 2009,p. 1.
  26. ^Franks 2006,pp. 82, 115–116.
  27. ^Franks 2009,pp. 1–2;Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,pp. 10–11.
  28. ^Franks 2009,pp. 1–2.
  29. ^Franks 2006,p. 258.
  30. ^Franks 2006,p. 348.
  31. ^Testa 2017,pp. 17–18.
  32. ^Hern, Alex (7 July 2012)."Workfare goes underground as Holland and Barrett pull out".New Statesman.Retrieved13 August2024.
  33. ^Malik, Shiv (6 July 2012)."Holland & Barrett pulls out of jobseekers' scheme".The Guardian.Retrieved13 August2024.
  34. ^Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,pp. 9–10.
  35. ^Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,p. 10.
  36. ^Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,pp. 10–11.
  37. ^Maiguashca, Dean & Keith 2016,p. 48.
  38. ^Maiguashca, Dean & Keith 2016,p. 45.
  39. ^Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2000,p. 167;Franks 2009,p. 1;Kinna 2005,p. 109.
  40. ^Franks 2006,p. 225.
  41. ^abFranks 2006,p. 237.
  42. ^abRoca & Martín-Díaz 2017,p. 13n6.
  43. ^abFranks 2006,p. 241.
  44. ^Raekstad 2018,p. 362;Raekstad 2019,p. 70.
  45. ^Franks 2006,p. 235.
  46. ^Franks 2006,p. 82.
  47. ^Franks 2006,pp. 244, 296;Franks 2009,pp. 1–2.
  48. ^Franks 2006,p. 244;Franks 2009,pp. 1–2;Kinna 2005,p. 109.
  49. ^Franks & Kinna 2014,p. n51.
  50. ^Franks 2006,pp. 236–237.
  51. ^Kinna 2005,p. 74.
  52. ^Kinna 2005,p. 65.
  53. ^Franks 2009,p. 1.
  54. ^Franks 2006,pp. 115–116.
  55. ^Franks 2006,p. 394n174;Roca & Martín-Díaz 2017,p. 9.
  56. ^Franks 2006,p. 394n174.
  57. ^Franks 2006,p. 277.
  58. ^Franks 2006,p. 279.
  59. ^Franks 2006,p. 245;Kinna 2005,p. 109;Lamb 2024,p. 273.
  60. ^Franks 2006,p. 301.
  61. ^Franks 2006,p. 285.
  62. ^Franks 2006,pp. 285–286.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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