Southern Cordilleran languages
| Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | northernLuzon |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Glottolog | sout2907 |
TheSouthern Cordilleran languagesare a group of closely related languages within theNorthern Luzon subgroupof theAustronesian language family.[1][2]They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore ofLingayen Gulfto the highlands ofQuirino province.The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language isPangasinan,one of the eight majorlanguages of the Philippines.
Internal classification[edit]
The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[3]Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[2]
Reconstruction[edit]
| Proto-Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Southern Cordilleran languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[2]
Phonology[edit]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i | *ɨ | *u |
| Open | *a |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | *p | *t | *k | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *g | |||
| Fricative | *s | |||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | |||
| Lateral | *l | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *y | ||||
Vocabulary[edit]
The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[2]and Zorc (1979)[3]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.
| Words inherited fromProto-Austronesian(PAn) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ma:go | a:gɨw | ʔágɨw | *ʔa:gɨw | *qaləjaw | 'day' | ||
| dɨ:nom | danúm | čánom | *dánum | *daNum | 'water' | ||
| Southern Cordilleran innovations | |||||||
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ʔa:gɨt | agát | ʔagát | *ʔágat | (*laqia) | 'ginger' | ||
| bɨsik | batík | bɨtík | *bɨtík | (*laRiw) | 'run' | ||
| tɨɣí | salí | sɨdí | *sɨlí | (*QAQ ay) | 'foot' | ||
| -to | -tu | -to | *-tu | (*nia) | 'his/her' | ||
| kɨyó | kiyɨ́w | kiyɨ́w | *kɨyɨ́w[a] | (*kaSiw) | 'tree' | ||
| tóʔo | tuʔú | túʔu | *túʔu[b] | (*Cau) | 'person' | ||
References[edit]
- ^Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines".Philippine Journal of Linguistics.37:1–64.
- ^abcdHimes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages".Oceanic Linguistics.37(1): 120–177.doi:10.2307/3623282.JSTOR3623282.
- ^abZorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.).Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3.Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258.doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.
External links[edit]
- "Southern Cordilleran"atEthnologue,23rd ed., 2020.