Structure of the United States Space Force
TheUnited States Space Forceis organized by different units: the Space Staff, the field commands, and the space deltas.
The Space Force is organized as one of two coequal military service branches within theDepartment of the Air Force,the other being theUnited States Air Force.Both services are overseen by theSecretary of the Air Force,who has overall responsibility for organizing, training, and equipping the Air Force and Space Force.[1]
The military head of the Space Force is thechief of space operations(CSO), who is an officer in the grade ofgeneral.
Space Staff[edit]
The Space Staff is the headquarters of the U.S. Space Force. Like theU.S. Air Force'sAir Staffthat is under theDepartment of the Air Force,it is overseen by theOffice of the Secretary of the Air Force.It is responsible for developing doctrine, guidance, and plans in performing the Space Force's functions, cooperating with the Air Staff on support issues. It is composed of the military service's most senior leaders: thechief of space operations,thevice chief of space operations,and thechief master sergeant of the Space Force.Like the other services, there is a director of staff who oversees the synchronization of policies and plans of the headquarters staff and four deputy chiefs of space operations.[2] The Space Staff was designed to be lean. Compared to the Air Force's nine headquarters directorates, the Space Force merged nine functional areas into four directorates.[2]Additionally, each of the four deputy chiefs of space operations has unofficial positional titles akin to that of corporate organizations: chief human capital officer, chief operations officer, chief technology and innovation officer, and chief strategy and resourcing officer. The chief human capital officer and chief technology and innovation officer positions are held by senior civilian officials at the SES-3 level, while both the chief operations officer and chief strategy and resourcing officer positions are filled by two lieutenant generals.[3]
Chief of Space Operations(CSO):GenB. Chance Saltzman
Vice Chief of Space Operations(VCSO): GenMichael Guetlein
Director of Staff:Maj GenSteven P. Whitney
- Deputy Director of Staff:Wade Yamada[4]
- DCSOfor Personnel(S1):Katharine Kelley[5]
- Assistant DCSO for Personnel:Todd L. Remington[6]
- DCSO for Intelligence(S2): Maj GenGregory Gagnon
- Assistant DCSO for Intelligence:Joseph D. Rouge[7]
- DCSO for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear(S3/4/6/7/10): Lt GenDeAnna Burt
- Assistant DCSO for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear: Brig GenJames E. Smith
- Associate DCSO for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear:Bruce E. Hollywood[8]
- Mobilization Assistant to the DCSO: ColNathan D. Yates,USAF[9]
- Assistant DCSO for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear: Brig GenJames E. Smith
- DCSO for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis(S5/8): Lt GenPhilip Garrant
- Assistant DCSO for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis:Stephen L. Hart[10]
- Director of Plans and Programs (S8): Brig GenRobert Hutt,USAF
- Mobilization Assistant to the DCSO: Brig GenDamon S. Feltman,USAF
- Assistant DCSO for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis:Stephen L. Hart[10]
- DCSO for Technology and Innovation(S9): Dr.Lisa Costa[11]
- Assistant DCSO for Technology and Innovation: Col Nathan Iven[12]
- Mobilization Assistant to the CSO:Maj GenJohn M. Olson,USAF
Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force(CMSSF): CMSSFJohn Bentivegna
Direct reporting units[edit]
| Direct reporting unit | Headquarters | Director |
|---|---|---|
 Space Development Agency(SDA) |
Washington, District of Columbia | Derek Tournear |
 Space Rapid Capabilities Office(SpRCO) |
Kirtland Air Force Base,New Mexico | Kelly D. Hammett |
Field organization[edit]
The Space Force field organization consist of three different echelons of command: field commands, deltas, and squadrons.[13]
Field Command[edit]
Field commands (FLDCOMs) align with specific mission focuses and are led by officers in the grade of lieutenant general or major general, comparable to the United States Air Force'smajor command.The Space Force's three field commands will beSpace Operations Command(SpOC),Space Systems Command(SSC), andSpace Training and Readiness Command(STARCOM).
Denotes planned unit but not yet activated.
Space Operations Command[edit]
TheSpace Operations Command(SpOC) will be the primary force provider of space forces and capabilities. It is responsible for the organization, training, equipping, command and control, and employment of space forces to support operational plans and missions for U.S. combatant commanders. It is headquartered atPeterson Space Force Base,Colorado.[19]
Established on 21 October 2020, SpOC was the first field command activated. It was established by the redesignation of the headquarters of the formerAir Force Space Commandto Space Operations Command. It was composed of the 10 deltas and two garrisons activated on 24 July 2020. This included theSpace Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional)which served as the interim unit for space training and education until the August 2021 stand-up of a full field command. SpOC also maintained command of the two launch wings, which were later redesignated as launch deltas in 2021, previously under the Air Force Space Command until the establishment of the Space Systems Command.[20]
The14th Air ForceinVandenberg Space Force Base,Californiathat was temporarily redesignated Space Operations Command upon the creation of the Space Force was inactivated. A new unit,Space Operations Command West(SpOC West), was activated to serve as headquarters of theCombined Force Space Component Command(CFSCC), a subordinate command of theUnited States Space Command.The SpOC West commander also served as the commander of CFSCC and as the deputy commander of SpOC.
Space Systems Command[edit]
TheSpace Systems Command(SSC) is becoming responsible for developing, acquiring, and fielding space systems, as well as launch, sustainment, and maintenance of space systems. It also advises Space Force science and technology activities.
The Space Force on 8 April 2021 announced the planned structure of the SSC. Led by a lieutenant general, SSC was to be formed by redesignating theSpace and Missile Systems Center,Commercial Satellite Communications Office, and other space systems programs offices transferred into the Space Force, being stood up in summer 2021. On July 29,Michael Guetleinwas confirmed as its first commander by theUnited States Senate.[21][22] The ceremony installing him in command of the new SSC was held August 13, 2021.[23]
Under the new structure, the two launch deltas previously under SpOC were reassigned to SSC under the oversight of the SSC deputy commander. The commander of theSpace Launch Delta 45will take on additional duties as the field command's director of operations.[21]
Space Training and Readiness Command[edit]
TheSpace Training and Readiness Commandwas planned to train and educate space professionals, develop combat-ready space forces, and additionally taking on the roles of integrated testing and on-orbit checkout. Initially, before the activation of the command, a Space Training and Readiness Delta was established in July 2020 at Peterson SFB.[13]STARCOM was activated on 23 August 2021, led by a major general.[24]Five subordinate deltas then began being established: one each for training, doctrine and lessons learned,range and aggressor,test and evaluation,and education.[24]
Delta[edit]
The Space Force has no command echelon equivalent of the U.S. Air Force′snumbered air forces,[25]so the next command echelon below field commands is the delta, a single level of command which combines thewingandgroupcommand echelons found in the U.S. Air Force.[25]Each delta is organized around a specific function, such as operations, installation support, or training, and is led by an officer in the grade ofcolonel.[13][25]Space Deltas are operational organizations, but have no responsibility for base support, which is either the Air Force′s responsibility,[25]or that of the Space Base Deltas, the former Garrisons.
The first 11 deltas in the Space Force initially were assigned to theSpace Operations Command.Of those, two were realigned under theSpace Systems Command,and the Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional) became a separate field command.
| Delta | Headquarters | Current commander |
|---|---|---|
| Field Operating Agency | ||
 Space Delta 18– National Space Intelligence Center (DEL 18)[26] |
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,Ohio | Col Marcus Starks |
| Space Operations Command | ||
 Space Delta 2– Space Domain Awareness and Space Battle Management (DEL 2) |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Raj Agrawal |
 Space Delta 3– Space Electromagnetic Warfare (DEL 3) |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Nicole M. Petrucci |
 Space Delta 4– Missile Warning (DEL 4) |
Buckley Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Ernest R. Schmitt |
 Space Delta 6– Cyberspace Operations (DEL 6) |
Schriever Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Christopher A. Kennedy |
 Space Delta 7– Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (DEL 7) |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Phoenix L. Hauser |
 Space Delta 8– Satellite Communication (DEL 8) |
Schriever Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Jeffrey E. Weisler |
 Space Delta 9– Orbital Warfare (DEL 9) |
Schriever Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Ramsey M. Horn |
 Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Integrated Misson Delta (Provisional)(PNT IMD) |
Schriever Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Andrew S. Menschner |
 Space Base Delta 1(SBD 1) |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Kenneth Klock |
 Space Base Delta 2(SBD 2) |
Buckley Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Heidi L. Dexter |
| Space Systems Command | ||
 Space Base Delta 3(SBD 3) |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col Mia L. Walsh |
 Acquisition Delta – Commercial Space |
Washington, D.C. | Col Richard Kniseley[27] |
| Space Acquisition Management Delta[28] |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | |
 Program Executive Office - Assured Access To Space(AATS or SSC/AA)
| ||
| Acquisition Delta – Launch Execution (AAL)[29] |
Patrick Space Force Base,Florida | Col James T. Horne[30] |
| Acquisition Delta – Mission Solutions (AAM)[31] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col Matthew Flahive |
| Acquisition Delta – Space Mobility Logistics (AAA)[32] |
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station,Florida | Col Joyce Bulson |
 Space Launch Delta 30(SLD 30) |
Vandenberg Space Force Base,California | Col Mark A. Shoemaker |
 Space Launch Delta 45(SLD 45) |
Patrick Space Force Base,Florida | Brig GenKristin Panzenhagen |
 Program Executive Office - Battle Management Command, Control, and Communications(BMC3 or SSC/BC)[29]
| ||
| Acquisition Delta – Operational Command and Control |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col Jason E. West |
| Acquisition Delta – Tactical Command and Control |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col P. Little |
| Product Support Delta – Data Transport[33] |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | Tane Yingling |
 Program Executive Office - Military Communications & Positioning, Navigation, and Timing(MCPNT or SSC/CG)[29]
| ||
| Acquisition Delta – Tactical SATCOM (CGT)[33] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Charlotte M. Gerhart |
| Acquisition Delta – Strategic SATCOM (CGS)[33] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col A. J. Ashby[27] |
| Acquisition Delta – Narrowband SATCOM (CGN)[33] |
Naval Base Point Loma,California[34] | Capt Peter J. Sheehy |
| Positioning, Navigation, and Timing System Delta (PNT SYD)[35] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Matthew L. Spencer |
 Program Executive Office - Space Sensing(SSC/SN)
| ||
 Acquisition Delta – Resilient Missile Warning, Tracking, Defense (SNR)[29] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col Jon Seal |
 Acquisition Delta – Environmental and Tactical Surveillance (SNS)[36] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col Daniel J. Visosky[27] |
| Acquisition Delta – Strategic Missile Warning - Ground and Integration[37] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col Stevie Medieros |
| Acquisition Delta – Strategic Missile Warning - Space[38] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col L. Brown, Jr. |
| Product Support Delta – Space Sensing (SNP)[29] |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | Anita J. McCorvey |
 Program Executive Office - Space Domain Awareness and Combat Power(SDACP or SSC/SZ)[29]
| ||
 Acquisition Delta – Innovation and Prototyping (SZI)[39] |
Kirtland Air Force Base,New Mexico | Col Joseph J. Roth |
| Acquisition Delta – Space Warfighting (SZA) |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Col Erik S. Stockham |
| Acquisition Delta – Advanced MILSATCOM |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Lt Col Cliff Seratti (acting) |
 Acquisition Delta – Space Domain Awareness (SZG) |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | F. Schnell |
 Acquisition Delta – Strategic Warning and Surveillance Systems (SZQ) |
Peterson Space Force Base,Colorado | M. La Force (acting) |
| Electromagnetic Warfare System Delta[35] |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | Jordan Riedel |
| Program Executive Office -Operational Test and Training Infrastructure(OTTI or SSC/TI)[40] | ||
| Acquisition Delta – Engineering |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | King Molder |
| Acquisition Delta – Test and Training |
Los Angeles Air Force Base,California | |
| Space Training and Readiness Command | ||
 Space Delta 1– Training (DEL 1) |
Vandenberg Space Force Base,California | Col Peter C. Norsky |
 Space Delta 10– Doctrine and Wargaming (DEL 10) |
United States Air Force Academy,Colorado | Col Jack D. Fulmer II |
 Space Delta 11– Range and Aggressor (DEL 11) |
Schriever Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Jay M. Steingold |
 Space Delta 12– Test and Evaluation (DEL 12) |
Schriever Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Sacha N. Tomlinson |
 Space Delta 13– Education (DEL 13) |
Maxwell Air Force Base,Alabama | Col Bryan J. Dutcher |
| U.S. Space Forces – Space | ||
 Space Delta 5– Combined Space Operations Center (DEL 5) |
Vandenberg Space Force Base,California | Col Justin E. Sorice |
 Space Delta 15– National Space Defense Center (DEL 15) |
Schriever Space Force Base,Colorado | Col Stephen G. Lyon |
| Space Force Element to the National Reconnaissance Office | ||
 Space Delta 20– Aerospace Data Facility-Colorado (DEL 20) |
Buckley Space Force Base,Colorado | Col David Gallagher |
 Space Delta 21– Aerospace Data Facility-East (DEL 21)[citation needed] |
Fort Belvoir,Virginia | Col Nicholas Martin |
 Space Delta 23– Aerospace Data Facility-Southwest (DEL 23)[citation needed] |
White Sands Missile Range,New Mexico | |
 Space Delta 25– National Reconnaissance Operations Center (DEL 25)[citation needed] |
Chantilly,Virginia | Col Robert E. Shrader[41] |
 Space Delta 26– NRO Cyber (DEL 26)[citation needed] |
Chantilly,Virginia | Col Rob Bonner[42] |
| Space Rapid Capabilities Office | ||
| Advanced Capabilities Acquisition Delta |
Kirtland Air Force Base,New Mexico | Col Andrew Anderson[43] |
| Strategic Capabilities Acquisition Delta |
Kirtland Air Force Base,New Mexico | Col Gregory Hoffman |
Denotes planned unit but not yet activated.
Squadron[edit]
Below deltas in the Space Force structure are squadrons. Space Force squadrons are focused on specific tactics and are led by an officer in the grade oflieutenant colonel.[13]
History[edit]
On 20 December 2019,Air Force Space Command's principal components were14th Air Force(Air Forces Strategic) and theSpace and Missile Systems Center.At the same time as the creation of the Space Force 14th Air Force was redesignated as Space Operations Command.[47]
On 12 March 2019, theSpace Development Agency(SDA), a new space-focused development agency, additional to the Space and Missile Systems Center and the Space Rapid Capabilities Office, was established.[48]It was established under the authority of theunder secretary of defense for research and engineering.[49]As of January 2020, the SDA is planned to become part of the U.S. Space Force in October 2022.[50]
In early April 2020, a list of twenty-three units to be transferred from the Air Force to the Space Force was publicly reported.[51]Those units included the17th Test Squadron,Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado;18th Intelligence Squadron,Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; the25th Space Range Squadron,Schriever AFB, CO; the328th Weapons Squadron,Nellis AFB, NV; the527th Space Aggressor Squadron,Schriever AFB, CO; the7th Intelligence Squadron,659th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group,70th ISR Wing, Ft. Meade, Maryland*;Sixteenth Air Force/Advanced Programs*, Schriever AFB, Colorado; the32nd Intelligence Squadron,Ft. Meade, Maryland*; the566th Intelligence Squadron,Buckley AFB, Colorado*; the544th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group,Group Staff & Detachment 5, Peterson AFB, Colorado; D the533d Training Squadron,381st Training Group,Vandenberg AFB, CA (initial training); theAir Force Research Laboratory(AFRL) Research Lab Mission Execution, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio*; the AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico*; the AFRL Rocket Propulsion Division, Edwards AFB, CA; the AFRL Electro-Optical Division, Maui, Hawaii & Kirtland AFB, New Mexico*; the AFRL Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio*; the Counter-Space Analysis Squadron and the Space Analysis Squadron, collectively half of theSpace and Missiles Analysis Group,National Air and Space Intelligence Center,both at Wright-Patterson AFB; theAir Force Operational Test and Evaluation CenterDetachment 4, Peterson AFB, CO; and theAir Force Safety Center– Space Safety Division, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico.
Detachment 1, USAF Warfare Center, Schriever AFB, Colorado; Operating Location A,705th Combat Training Squadron,Schriever AFB, Colorado (ultimately part of the505th Command and Control Wing), and theNational Security Space Institute,Peterson AFB, CONational Security Space Institute, a place for space educationbecame eventually part of the STAR Delta.
In September 2021 it was announced the53rd Signal Battalion,theU.S. Army Satellite Operations Brigade,and theNaval Satellite Operations Centerwould be transferred to Space Force.[52]
Heraldry[edit]
Each unit in the Space Force has an emblem in a shape depending on the unit type.[53]Each of the three field commands also have a distinctive color: Silver Grey for SpOC, Golden yellow for SSC, and Bluebird (Replacing initial Cannes Blue color) for STARCOM. Units assigned to Space Forces Space (a component field command) will use Brick Red as a distinctive color. Unit emblems are trimmed with the color of the field command to which they report. Space Force personnel assigned toNational Reconnaissance Officeroles will wear insignia trimmed in Black.
| Unit | SpOC (Silver gray) |
SSC (Golden yellow) |
STARCOM (Bluebird) |
NRO (Black) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Field Command |  |
 |
|
|
| Delta |  |
|
 |
|
| Base Delta (hexagon) |
 |
 |
— | — |
| Squadron/Detachment (ellipse) |
 |
 |
 |
|
See also[edit]
- Structure of the United States Army
- Organization of the United States Marine Corps
- Structure of the United States Navy
- Structure of the United States Air Force
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