Stanisław Moniuszko

Stanisław Moniuszko(Polish pronunciation:[stãˈɲiswafmɔ̃ˈɲuʃkɔ]^ⓘ;May 5, 1819 – June 4, 1872^[1]) was a Polish composer,^[2]^[3]conductor and teacher. He wrote many popularart songsand operas, and his music is filled with patrioticfolk themesof the peoples of the formerPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth(mainly Poles, Lithuanians and Belarusians).^[4]He is generally referred to as "the father ofPolish national opera".^[5]Since the 1990s Stanisław Moniuszko is being recognized inBelarusas an important figure to Belarusian culture as well.^[6]^[a]

Life[edit]

Moniuszko was born into anoblelandowning family inUbiel,^[8]^[b]Minsk Governorate(Russian Empire,nowBelarus). His first piano teacher was his mother, Elżbieta (Elizabeth) Madżarska. He later continued his musical education inWarsawandMinsk,^[10]and studied underCarl Friedrich RungenhageninBerlin.^[3]In 1858 he was appointed conductor at theWarsaw Opera.He also served as a professor at theWarsaw Conservatory.^[3]He died in Warsaw in 1872 and was buried at thePowązki Cemetery.^[11]

Works[edit]

Moniuszko composed more than 300 individual songs, primarily to texts of Polish poets,^[12]and around two dozen operas.^[10]His series of twelve song books^[13]is notable and contains songs to the words ofAdam Mickiewicz,Antoni Edward Odyniec,Józef Ignacy Kraszewski,Stefan Witwicki,Antoni Malczewski,andWincenty Pol.

Moniuszko noted that his songs, which were published under the collective titleŚpiewnik Domowy(Domestic Songs), had a national character. Their 'Polishness' is found in his use of and reference to traditional Polish dance rhythms likePolonaise,Mazurka,Kujawiak,andKrakowiakand the propagation of texts written by Polish national poets.^[8]The songs were often performed by the 19th-century Polish choirs in Austria, Germany, and Russia,^[13]and became a point of reference for other Polish composers.^[2] Moniuszko's opera style bears similarities to that ofDaniel AuberandGioachino Rossini,but with stronger emphasis on chorus and melodies inspired by Polish dances.^[2] Lithuanians stress, that Stanisław Moniuszko was eagerly using Lithuanian motifs – e.g. his cantatas "Milda","Nijolė",based onLithuanian mythology,were issued in Vilnius.^[14]

Halkais an opera to a libretto written byWłodzimierz Wolski,a young Warsaw poet with radical social views.^[15]After being staged in Warsaw in 1858, it became the most widely known Polish opera^[10]and is part of the canon of Polish national operas.

Modern performances[edit]

An English version ofStraszny dwór(The Haunted Manor,orThe Haunted Castle^[16]) was created and premiered by the student operatic society atBristol Universityin 1970; this version has been performed since, specifically in 2001 byOpera South,which company also presented the world premiere of a specially created new English version ofVerbum Nobilein 2002.

In 2009,Pocket Opera,of San Francisco, CA, USA, premiered Artistic DirectorDonald Pippin's English language translation ofThe Haunted Manor;and in 2010, Pippin's translation ofHalka.

Moniuszko's operaFlis(The Raftsman) was performed and recorded in theGrand Theatre of Polish National Operaat the 2019Chopin and his EuropeInternational Music Festival, marking the 200th anniversary of Moniuszko's birth.^[17]

Pariawas performed at Poznań Opera in June 2019, directed byGraham Vickand conducted by Gabriel Chmura.

Moniuszko's operas are regularly performed at theBelarusian National Opera.

Notes[edit]

^There is a Museum of Stanisław Moniuszko in Belarus.^[7]
^The Moniuszko family had roots in the area ofGoniądzinPodlachia.^[9]

References[edit]

^Prosnak 1980,pp. 15, 173.
^^a ^b ^cSamson, Jim, ed. (2001).The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Music.Cambridge University Press.p. 718.ISBN 978-0521590174.
^^a ^b ^cJones, Barrie, ed. (1999).The Hutchinson Concise Dictionary of Music.Routledge.p. 424.ISBN 978-1579581787.
^Аляксей Хадыка [Alexey Khadyka] (May 22, 2009)."Станіслаў Манюшка — паляк, літвін..."[Stanislaw Moniuszko – Pole and Lithuanian] (in Belarusian). Archived fromthe originalon July 27, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 20,2013.NovyChas.org, Culture. Retrieved from the Internet Archive, February 18, 2013.
^"Stanisław Moniuszko – Ojciec polskiej opery".poland.us.
^"Праправнучка Станислава Монюшко: 'В Минске должен появиться памятник композитору' "[Great-great-granddaughter of Stanisław Moniuszko: 'A monument to the composer should appear in Minsk'] by Кастусь Лашкевич [Kastus Lashkevich], 19 Oktober 2009,Tut.By(in Belarusian)
^Stanisław Moniuszko Museum,Belarus
^^a ^bMurphy, Michael (2001). "Moniuszko and Musical Nationalism in Poland". In White, Harry; Murphy, Michael (eds.).Musical Constructions of Nationalism: Essays on the History and Ideology of European Musical Culture 1800-1945.Cork University Press.pp. 166–167.ISBN 9781859181539.
^Prosnak, Jan (1980).Moniuszko.Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne. p. 7.ISBN 8322400012.
^^a ^b ^cBalthazar, Scott L. (2013).Historical Dictionary of Opera.Scarecrow Press.pp. 226–227.ISBN 978-0810867680.
^Prosnak 1980,p. 174.
^Chrenkoff, Magdalena (2017). "Stanisław Moniuszko's Oeuvre as a Builder of National Identity During Partition Times". In Povilionienė, Rima (ed.).Sounds, Societies, Significations: Numanistic Approaches to Music.Springer.p. 61.ISBN 978-3319836522.
^^a ^bGrazia, Donna M. Di, ed. (2012).Nineteenth-Century Choral Music.Routledge.p. 384.ISBN 978-0415988537.
^STANISLAVAS MONIUŠKA (STANISŁAW MONIUSZKO)
^Murphy 2001,p. 168.
^"Opera: Moniuszko'sHaunted Castle";by Bernard Holland,The New York Times,April 23, 1986
^"Festiwal" Chopin i jego Europa ""[Chopin and his Europe].Fryderyk Chopin Institute(in Polish). 2019.RetrievedAugust 13,2020.

External links[edit]

Free scores by Stanisław Moniuszkoat theInternational Music Score Library Project(IMSLP)
Free scores by Stanisław Moniuszkoin theChoral Public Domain Library(ChoralWiki)
List of works,lieder.net
"Stanisław Moniuszko",biography, list of works, Polish Music Center,University of Southern California
How Family Shaped the Father of Polish Opera
The Lesser Known Faces of Stanisław Moniuszko
Sound examples and discussion ofString Quartet No. 1andNo. 2,editionsilvertrust
Collection of works by Stanisław Moniuszko in National Digital Library of Poland (Polona)
Stanislaw Moniuszko. Musical Romantic from Minsk Region to the 200th anniversary of his birth
Works by Stanislaw Moniuszko on the Belarusian stage

[8] There is a Museum of Stanisław Moniuszko in Belarus.^[7]

[11] The Moniuszko family had roots in the area ofGoniądzinPodlachia.^[9]

[FOOTNOTEProsnak198015,_173-1] Prosnak 1980,pp. 15, 173.

[Samson-2] Samson, Jim, ed. (2001).The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Music.Cambridge University Press.p. 718.ISBN 978-0521590174.

[Barrie-3] Jones, Barrie, ed. (1999).The Hutchinson Concise Dictionary of Music.Routledge.p. 424.ISBN 978-1579581787.

[4] Аляксей Хадыка [Alexey Khadyka] (May 22, 2009)."Станіслаў Манюшка — паляк, літвін..."[Stanislaw Moniuszko – Pole and Lithuanian] (in Belarusian). Archived fromthe originalon July 27, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 20,2013.NovyChas.org, Culture. Retrieved from the Internet Archive, February 18, 2013.

[5] "Stanisław Moniuszko – Ojciec polskiej opery".poland.us.

[6] "Праправнучка Станислава Монюшко: 'В Минске должен появиться памятник композитору' "[Great-great-granddaughter of Stanisław Moniuszko: 'A monument to the composer should appear in Minsk'] by Кастусь Лашкевич [Kastus Lashkevich], 19 Oktober 2009,Tut.By(in Belarusian)

[ml-7] Stanisław Moniuszko Museum,Belarus

[Murphy-9] Murphy, Michael (2001). "Moniuszko and Musical Nationalism in Poland". In White, Harry; Murphy, Michael (eds.).Musical Constructions of Nationalism: Essays on the History and Ideology of European Musical Culture 1800-1945.Cork University Press.pp. 166–167.ISBN 9781859181539.

[10] Prosnak, Jan (1980).Moniuszko.Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne. p. 7.ISBN 8322400012.

[Balthazar-12] Balthazar, Scott L. (2013).Historical Dictionary of Opera.Scarecrow Press.pp. 226–227.ISBN 978-0810867680.

[FOOTNOTEProsnak1980174-13] Prosnak 1980,p. 174.

[14] Chrenkoff, Magdalena (2017). "Stanisław Moniuszko's Oeuvre as a Builder of National Identity During Partition Times". In Povilionienė, Rima (ed.).Sounds, Societies, Significations: Numanistic Approaches to Music.Springer.p. 61.ISBN 978-3319836522.

[Grazia-15] Grazia, Donna M. Di, ed. (2012).Nineteenth-Century Choral Music.Routledge.p. 384.ISBN 978-0415988537.

[16] STANISLAVAS MONIUŠKA (STANISŁAW MONIUSZKO)

[FOOTNOTEMurphy2001168-17] Murphy 2001,p. 168.

[18] "Opera: Moniuszko'sHaunted Castle";by Bernard Holland,The New York Times,April 23, 1986

[19] "Festiwal" Chopin i jego Europa ""[Chopin and his Europe].Fryderyk Chopin Institute(in Polish). 2019.RetrievedAugust 13,2020.

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