State governments of Malaysia
Thestate governments in Malaysiaare the governments ruling the13 statesin the federation ofMalaysia.All 13 states adopts theWestminsterParliamentary systemand each has a unicameralstate legislative assembly.Each of theStates of Malayais run by anEXCO,whileSabahandSarawakhave their respectiveCabinetandMinistry.The state government structure in all 13 states is similar to the government system of thefederal governmentof Malaysia and that the state legislatures consist of only asingle chamber.
Heads of state
[edit]For each of the States of Malaya and the Borneo States, the Head of State is known as either a Ruler or a Governor.
The Rulers include the Sultans ofJohor,Pahang,Perak,Kedah,Kelantan,Selangor,andTerengganu;theRaja of Perlis;and theYang di-Pertuan Besarof Negeri Sembilan.
The Governors include theYang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua NegeriofPenang,Malacca,SabahandSarawak.
All 13 Heads of State comprise theConference of Rulers,but only the 9 Rulers from the States of Malaya are eligible to be elected asYang di-Pertuan Agong,the Supreme Head of the Federation on a rotational basis according to seniority.
The role of the Head of State is similar to the role of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong at the state level, in that the Head of State has the discretion to: appoint a Head of Government who in his opinion is likely to command the confidence of the majority of theState Legislative Assembly;withhold consent to a request for the dissolution of the State Legislative Assembly. However, as Islam is also a state matter,[1]not a federal matter, the Rulers from the States of Malaya also act as the Head of Islam in their respective States and have the discretion to oversee matters relating to Islam or Malay custom, and are able to request for a meeting of the Conference of Rulers in relation to these matters. For the States without Rulers, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong performs the function of the Head of Islam. Otherwise, the Head of State plays a ceremonial role and acts on the advice of the State Government, including assenting to bills passed in the Legislative Assembly byconvention.
For the States with Rulers, each Ruler being hereditary monarchs also have the discretion to appoint an heir or heirs, consort, Regent or Council of Regency. For States without Rulers, each Governor is appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong acting in his discretion but after consultation with the Head of Government.
Heads of government
[edit]For the States with Rulers, the Head of Government is known as theMenteri Besar,in both English and Malay.
For the States without Rulers, the Head of Government is known as the Chief Minister in English, or theKetua Menteriin Malay.[2]Additionally, for the State of Sarawak, the Head of Government is known as the Premier, in both English and Malay.
Powers and functions
[edit]Pursuant to Article 73-79 of theFederal Constitution,the state legislature is empowered to legislate on matters such as land matters, public works, local government, agriculture and forestry, Islamic law and public holidays. Pursuant to Article 80 of the Federal Constitution, the state executive in turn has administrative power over all matters which the state legislature may legislate under the constitution.Federalism in Malaysiais quite strong whereby the federal government retains by far more powers compared to the respective state governments. This is also reflected in the budget allocation towards the state and federal government.[3]
State government
[edit]
Government of Johor
Government of Kedah
Government of Kelantan
Government of Malacca
Government of Negeri Sembilan
Government of Pahang
Government of Penang
Government of Perak
Government of Perlis
Government of Sabah
Government of Sarawak
Government of Selangor
Government of Terengganu
See also
[edit]- Government of Malaysia
- Local government in Malaysia
- Chief Ministers in Malaysia
- State legislative assemblies of Malaysia
- List of current heads of states and governments of Malaysia
References
[edit]- ^Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution List II-State List 1. Except with respect to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya, Islamic law and personal and family law of persons professing the religion of Islam, including the Islamic law relating to succession, testate and intestate, betrothal, marriage, divorce, dower, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, guardianship, gifts, partitions and non-charitable trusts; Wakafs and the definition and regulation of charitable and religious trusts, the appointment of trustees and the incorporation of persons in respect of Islamic religious and charitable endowments, institutions, trusts, charities and charitable institutions operating wholly within the State; Malay customs; Zakat, Fitrah and Baitulmal or similar Islamic religious revenue; mosques or any Islamic public place of worship, creation and punishment of offences by persons professing the religion of Islam against precepts of that religion, except in regard to matters included in the Federal List; the constitution, organization and procedure of Syariah courts, which shall have jurisdiction only over persons professing the religion of Islam and in respect only of any of the matters included in this paragraph, but shall not have jurisdiction in respect of offences except in so far as conferred by federal law; the control of propagating doctrines and beliefs among persons professing the religion of Islam; the determination of matters of Islamic law and doctrine and Malay custom.
- ^Jeong Chun Hai @ Ibrahim, & Nor Fadzlina Nawi. (2012).Principles of Public Administration: Malaysian Perspectives.Kuala Lumpur: Pearson Publishers.ISBN978-967-349-233-6
- ^Tricia Yeoh (14 November 2011)."What's in the budget for state governments?".Penang Monthly.Retrieved25 April2012.