Wey (state)
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(January 2019) |
Wei Vệ | |
---|---|
c. 1040 BCE–209 BCE | |
Status | Duchy |
Capital | Zhaoge(ca. 1040 BCE – 661 BCE) Chuqiu(659–629 BCE) Diqiu(629–241 BCE) Yewang(241–209 BCE) |
Religion | Chinese folk religion ancestor worship |
Government | Monarchy |
History | |
• Establishment ofZhou dynasty | c. 1040 BCE |
• Annexed byQin | 209 BCE |
Wei(/weɪ/;Chinese:Vệ;pinyin:Wèi), commonly spelledWeyto distinguish from the contemporary largerWei(Ngụy) state, was anancient Chinese statethat was founded in the earlyWestern Zhoudynasty and rose to prominence during theSpring and Autumn period.Its rulers were of the surname Ji (Cơ), the same as that of the rulers of Zhou. It was located in modern northeasternHenanProvince, east ofJin(and later WeiNgụy), and west ofCao.
Early history
[edit]The history of Wey dates back to the beginning of the Zhou dynasty and theRebellion of the Three Guards.After theDuke of Zhousuccessfully defeated the rebellion,Kang Shu,a younger brother ofKing Wu of Zhouwas given a fief centred onZhaoge,the capital of theShang dynasty,which had been the centre of the rebellion.
Spring and Autumn period
[edit]The State of Wey was at its peak during the early Spring and Autumn period, underDuke Wu of Wey,who reigned for 55 years. In the reign of subsequent rulers, however, the state was plagued by succession troubles, untilDuke Yi of Weytook the throne; his dissolute rule and obsession with cranes weakened the state, and in the eighth year of his reign theRong peoplessuccessfully attacked the capital at Zhaoge, killing the Duke and nearly destroying the state as well (660 BCE). It was only with the aid ofDuke Huan of Qithat the state was eventually restored, with its capital moved to Chuqiu.
In 632 BCE Wey was once conquered byDuke Wen of Jin,because when Duke Wen (called Chong'er then) exiled to Wey,Duke Wen of Weyhadn't treated him well, andDuke Cheng of Wey(son of Duke Wen of Wey) was nearly poisoned by Duke Wen of Jin, but eventually the state was restored. (Before theBattle of Chengpu,whenChuwas attackingSong,Jin attacked Wey andCaoas a diversion.)
In 492 BCEDuke Chu of Wey(Ra công) succeeded the throne from his grandfather Duke Ling (Linh công), while his father Kuaikui (Khoái hội), who was the heir of Duke Ling, had been deposed and exiled. To get the throne, Kuaikui fought against his own son and managed to exile Duke Chu in 481 BCE, and was titled as Duke Zhuang II (Sau trang công), but was killed three years later. Duke Chu was restored in 475 BCE. The conflict between father and son weakened Wey, and Wey soon became attached to House of Zhao ofJin.
Downfall and end
[edit]In 346 BCE the duke of Wey degraded himself to a marquis. In 320 BCE the marquis of Wey again degraded himself to only ajun(lord). By then Wey only possessed a single county calledPuyang(Bộc dương). In 254 BCE King Anxi ofWei(Ngụy) killed Lord Huai of Wey (Vệ hoài quân), but two years later he declared his son-in-law, who was from the house of Wey, to be lord of Wey, so Wey became a dependency of the Wei Kingdom. In 239 BCE thestate of Qinoccupied Puyang, and Wey migrated toYewang(Dã vương) in order to preserve its existence.
The state was so weak that it was presumably ignored byQin Shi Huang,and was only abolished in 209 BCE whenQin Er ShideposedJiao, Lord of Wey(Vệ quân giác), two years before the collapse of the Qin dynasty.
Vassals
[edit]Vassals of Wey include Shi clan, Ning clan, Kong clan, Beigong clan, Nan clan and Sun clan. They were mostly cadet branches of Wey. Kong clan, which came from the state ofNan Yan,was an exception.
List of rulers
[edit]adoption | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
unknown descent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Kang Shu Vệ khang thúc | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2)Count Kang Vệ khang bá | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3)Count Kao Vệ khảo bá | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(4)Count Si Vệ tự bá | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(5)Count Zhi Vệ chí bá | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(6)Count Jing Vệ tĩnh bá | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(7)Count Zhen Vệ trinh bá | □ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(8)Marquis Qing Vệ khoảnh hầu ?-867- 855 BC | Shi Que Thạch thước Shi clan Thạch thị | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(9)Marquis Xi Vệ hi hầu ?-855- 813 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(10)Count Gong Vệ cộng bá ?-813 BC BC | (11)Duke Wu Vệ võ công 852-813- 758 BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(12)Duke Zhuang I Vệ Trang công ?-758- 735 BC | Huisun Huệ tôn Sun clan Tôn thị | Jiwei Quý vỉ Ning clan Ninh thị | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Count Xiao Hiếu bá | (13)Duke Huan Vệ Hoàn công ?-735- 719 BC | (14)Zhouyu Châu hu ?-719 BC | (15)Duke Xuan Vệ Tuyên công ?-719- 700 BC | Yougongzi Zhi[i][ii] Hữu công tử chức ?- 688 BC | Zuogongzi Xie[i][iii] Tả công tử tiết ?- 688 BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Viscount Ji Cấp tử ?- 701 BC | (17)Gongzi Qianmou[i] Công tử kiềm mưu ?-696- 688 BC | Count Zhao Chiêu bá | Viscount Shou Thọ tử ?- 701 BC | (16)Duke Hui Vệ huệ công 714-700- 696-688- 669 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Viscount Qi Tề tử | (19)Duke Dai Vệ mang công ?-660 BC | (20)Duke Wen Vệ văn công ?-660- 635 BC | (18)Duke Yi Vệ ý công ?-669- 660 BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
□ Qi clan Tề thị | (21)Duke Cheng Vệ thành công ?-635- 632-630- 600 BC | Shu Wu Thúc võ ?- 632 BC | (22)Gongzi He[i] Công tử hà ?-632- 630 BC | Ziyi Tử nghi ?- 630 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(23)Duke Mu Vệ mục công ?-600- 589 BC | Viscount Qing Khoảnh tử Beigong clan Bắc cung thị | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(24)Duke Ding Vệ định công ?-589- 577 BC | Zishu Heibei Tử thúc hắc bối | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(25)Duke Xian Vệ hiến công ?-577- 559-547- 544 BC | Gongzi Zhuan[i] Công tử chuyên | Viscount Zhan Tử triển | (26)Duke Shang Vệ thương công ?-559- 547 BC | □ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(27)Duke Xiang Vệ tương công ?-544- 535 BC | Dang, Viscount of Cheng Thành tử đương Gongshu clan Công thúc thị | Gongzi Jing[i] Công tử kinh | Taizi Jiao[iv] Thái Tử giác ?- 547 BC | Xi Zhuchu Tích chu cuốc Xi clan Tích thị | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gongmeng Zhi Công Mạnh trập ?- 522 BC Gongmeng clan Công Mạnh thị | (28)Duke Ling Vệ Linh Công 540-535- 493 BC | □ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gongmeng Kou Công Mạnh khu | (30)Duke Zhuang II Vệ Trang công ?-479- 478 BC | (32)Gongzi Qi[i] Công tử khởi ?-478- 477 BC-? | (33)Duke Dao Vệ điệu công ?-456- 451 BC | Gongzi Ying[i] Công tử dĩnh Nan clan Nam thị | (31)Gongsun Banshi[v] Công Tôn đốm sư ?-478 BC-? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(29)Duke Chu Vệ ra công ?-493- 480-477- 456 BC | Taizi Ji[iv] Thái Tử tật ?- 478 BC | Gongzi Qing[i] Công tử thanh ?- 478 BC | (34)Duke Jing Vệ kính công ?-451- 432 BC | Gongsun Mimou[v] Công Tôn di mưu | Sikou Huizi Tư Khấu huệ tử Sikou clan Tư Khấu thị | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(35)Duke Zhao Vệ chiêu công ?-432- 426 BC | Gongzi Shi[i] Công tử thích | Jianzi He Giản tử hà | Hu Hổ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(36)Duke Huai Vệ hoài công ?-426- 415 BC | (37)Duke Shen Vệ thận công ?-415- 383 BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(38)Duke Sheng Vệ thanh công ?-383- 372 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(39)Marquis Cheng Vệ thành hầu ?-372- 343 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(40)Marquis Ping Vệ bình hầu ?-343- 335 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(41)Lord Si Vệ tự quân ?-335- 293 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(42)Lord Huai Vệ hoài quân ?-293- 252 BC | (43)Lord Yuan Vệ nguyên quân ?-252- 242 BC | (44)Jiao Vệ quân giác ?-242- 209 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
[edit]- Wei River,a tributary of the Grand Canal named for the former state
Notes
[edit]- ^abcdefghijGōngzǐ(Chinese:Công tử;lit.'The Lord's Son') is a title attached to the sons of a ruler.
- ^Yòugōngzǐ(Chinese:Hữu công tử;lit.'The Lord's Son of the Right') indicates the title holder being a son of a ruler.
- ^Zuǒgōngzǐ(Chinese:Tả công tử;lit.'The Lord's Son of the Left') indicates the title holder being a son of a ruler.
- ^abTàizǐ(Chinese:Thái Tử;lit.'The (Lord's) Heir Apparent') indicates the title holder being the eldest son of a ruler.
- ^abGōngsūn(Chinese:Công Tôn;lit.'The Lord's Grandson') is a title attached to the paternal grandsons of a ruler. In two instances above, Gongsun Banshi was a grandson of Duke Xiang, while Gongsun Mimou was a grandson of Duke Ling. If a person was also a son of a ruler, the titleGōngzǐ( công tử ) was used instead.
References
[edit]- Wey (state)
- Ancient Chinese states
- States of the Spring and Autumn period
- States of the Warring States period
- 209 BC
- 3rd-century BC disestablishments
- States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century BC
- 1st-millennium BC disestablishments in China
- States and territories established in the 11th century BC