List of U.S. states' poets laureate
Many of thestates in the United Stateshave established the post ofpoet laureateto which a prominent poet residing in the respective state is appointed. The responsibilities of the state poets laureate are similar to those of thePoet Laureate of the United Kingdomand the equivalentPoet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congressin the United States, to make public appearances atpoetry readingsor literary events, and to promote awareness of poetry within their geographical region.
As of 2017[update],46statesand theDistrict of Columbiahave poets laureate, although a few are presently vacant. The terms can vary in length from state to state. Most states appoint a poet laureate for a one- or two-year term, fewer to several years, and some states appoint a poet to a lifetime tenure. Two states, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, previously had such posts but abolished them in 2003.[1][2]Michigan had a single poet laureate from 1952 to 1959.[3]There has never been an official State Poet Laureate inMassachusetts.[4]WhileIdahodoes not have a post of "poet laureate",per se,the state appoints a "Writer in Residence", which can be held by a novelist or poet.[5]Alaska has similarly expanded their program to include other genres of writing, calling the program the Alaska State Writer Laureate.[6]The state of New York has both a State Poet and a State Author.[7]
List of state poets laureate[edit]
The following lists of state poets laureate below are divided by state. The name of the current poet laureate is inbold.
Alabama[edit]
The current poet laureate of Alabama is Ashley M. Jones. Alabama has had an official poet laureate since 1930. The Alabama Writer's Cooperative (formerly the Alabama Writers' Conclave), described as "a voluntary organization of Alabama historians, playwrights, fiction writers, poets, and newspaper writers" first recommendedSamuel Minturn Peckto GovernorBibb Graves.The state legislature approved a bill to create the office on March 5, 1931.[8][9]After the death of Dr. Peck, the position was not filled and was revived in 1954 due to the efforts Mary B. Ward, the president of the Alabama Writer's Conclave, who became the state's second laureate.[9]
At present, a poet selected must have been an Alabama resident for at least 15 years prior to the appointment, and when commissioned by the governor, is appointed to serve one four-year term.[9]Before 1983, neither the organization or the state statute provided for a specific term length.[9]The Alabama Writers' Cooperative will recommend candidate who is elected by the organization's membership at its annual meeting.[9]The governor subsequently commissions the candidate.[9]A candidate for poet laureate need not be a member of the Alabama Writers' Cooperative to be nominated or selected.[9]
| # | Poet laureate | Term began | Term ended | Appointed by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Samuel Minturn Peck (died 1938) |
12 June 1930 | 3 May 1938 (death) | Gov. Bibb Graves | [9] |
| 2 | Mary B. Ward | 21 November 1954 | 1958 | Gov.Gordon Persons | [9] |
| 3 | Elbert Calvin Henderson (1903–1974) |
21 December 1959 | 15 September 1974 (death) | Gov.John Patterson | [9] |
| 4 | William Young Elliott (1902–1997) |
August 1975 | 1982 | Gov.George Wallace | [9] |
| 5 | Carl Patrick Morton (1920–1994) |
1983 | 1987 | Lt. Gov.William Baxley | [9] |
| 6 | Morton Dennison Prouty, Jr. (died 1992) |
1988 | 1991 | Gov.H. Guy Hunt | [9] |
| 7 | Ralph Hammond | 1992 | 1995 | Gov. H. Guy Hunt | [9] |
| 8 | Helen Friedman Blackshear (1911–2003) |
1 January 1995 | 1999 | Gov.Jim Folsom, Jr. | [9] |
| 9 | Helen Norris | 1999 | 2003 | Gov.Don Siegelman | [9] |
| 10 | Sue Walker | August 2003 | December 2012 | Gov.Bob Riley | [9] |
| 11 | Andrew Glaze | 2013 | 7 February 2016 (death) | Gov.Robert J. Bentley | [9] |
| 12 | Jennifer Horne | 2017 | 2021 | Gov. Kay Ivey | [10] |
| 13 | Ashley M. Jones | 2021 | Present | Gov. Kay Ivey | [11] |
Alaska[edit]
Originally created as the position of Poet Laureate in 1963 (House Resolution 25). The official name was changed in 1996 to recognize and honor all genres of writing. The position is selected by the Alaska State Council on the Arts.[12] Poets laureate of Alaska include:[6]
- Margaret Mielke(1963-1965)
- Oliver Everette(1965-1967)
- John Haines(1969)
- Ruben Gaines(1973)
- Sheila Nickerson(1977)
- Richard Dauenhauer(1981)
- Joanne Townsend(1988)
- Tom Sexton(1995)
- Richard Nelson(2000)
- Anne Hanley(2002-2004)
- Jerah Chadwick(2004-2006)
- John Straley(2006-2008)
- Nancy Lord(2008-2010)
- Peggy Shumaker(2010-2012)
- Nora Marks Dauenhauer(2012-2014)
- Frank Soos(2014-2016)
- Ernestine Hayes(2016-2018)
Arizona[edit]
The state ofArizonaestablished a state Poet Laureate position in 2013, appointingAlberto Ríosas the inaugural Poet Laureate.[13][14][15][16]
Arkansas[edit]
Charles T. Davis was the first until his death on December 21, 1945. The position was vacant from 1946 until 1953, whenRosa Zagnoni Marinoniwas appointed. Upon Marinoni’s death in 1970, Governor Winthrop Rockefeller named Ercil Brown interim laureate. When legislature reconvened, three candidates had emerged: Anna Nash Yarborough, Lily Peter, and Brown. The legislature declined to decide and instead in 1971 passed Act 90, which assigned the responsibility to the governor. Governor Dale Bumpers announced Lily Peter’s appointment on October 6, 1971. Following Peter’s death, Verna Lee Hinegardner was appointed by Governor Bill Clinton on October 4, 1991, serving until 2003. In 2003, Governor Mike Huckabee appointedPeggy Vining.Before this time, the poet laureateship had been considered a life appointment and publicity ensued but in the end the appointment stood. Peggy Vining served as Poet Laureate from 2003 until her death in 2017. The Legislature changed the term for Arkansas Poet Laureate during 2017 to 4 years. The current Poet Laureate of Arkansas is Suzanne Underwood Rhodes, who was appointed to a four-year term in 2022.[17][18][19][20]
Poets laureate of Arkansas:[18][19][20]
- Charles T. Davis (1923-1945)
- Rosa Zagnoni Marinoni (1953-1970)
- Ercil Brown (interim appointee, 1970-1971)
- Lily Peter (1971-1991)
- Verna Lee Hinegardner (1991-2003)
- Peggy Vining(2003-2017)
- Jo Garret McDougall (2018-2022)
- Suzanne Underwood Rhodes (2022–present)[17]
California[edit]
The position is currently held by Lee Herrick, appointed in November 2022 by Governor Gavin Newsom.[21]
Colorado[edit]
Colorado Poets Laureate are appointed to four-year terms. They are nominated by Colorado Creative Industries and Colorado Humanities & Center for the Book, and chosen by the Governor.[22]The State ofColoradoalso appointed singer/songwriter writerJohn Denverin 1974.[23]
The following have held the position:[24][25]
- Alice Polk Hill(1919-1921)
- Nellie Burget Miller(1923-1952)
- Margaret Clyde Robinson(1952-1954)
- Milford E. Shields(1954-1975)
- Thomas Hornsby Ferril(1979-1988)
- Mary Crow(1996-2010)
- David Mason(2010-2014)
- Joseph Hutchison(2014-2019)
- Bobby LeFebre(2019-2023)
- Andrea Gibson(2023–present)
Connecticut[edit]
The Poet Laureate of Connecticut was established in 1985 by Public Act 85-221 of theConnecticut General Assembly.[26]Five-year residents of the state with a demonstrated career in poetry are eligible for the honorary appointment as an advocate for poetry and literary arts.[27]
The following have held the position:[26][27]
- James Merill (1985–1995)
- Leo Connellan(1996–2001)
- Marilyn Nelson(2001–2007)
- John Hollander(2007–2009)
- Dick Allen(2010–2015)
- Rennie McQuilkin(2015–2018)
- Margaret Gibson(2019–2022)
- Antoinette Brim-Bell(2022 - 2025)[27]
Delaware[edit]
Poets are appointed to the position by the governor.Nnamdi Chukwuochaand Albert Mills—twin brothers who are known as the "Twin Poets" —are the current Poets Laureates of Delaware. They were appointed on December 13, 2015.[28]According to theLibrary of Congress,[29]they are the first co-laureates appointed by a state and the first siblings to share the position.[30]
The following have held the position:[31][29]
- Edna Deemer Leach (1947-1949)
- Jeannette Slocum Edwards (1950-1953)
- Frances Shannon Flowers (McNeal) (1954)
- Katherine King Johnson (1955)
- David Hudson (1956-1960)
- Alison Kimball Bradford (1961)
- Margaret Eleanor Weaver (1962)
- Mother Aloysius Peach (1963-1964)
- Dr. Percival R. Roberts, III (1965-1966)
- Joyce Carlson (1967-1968)
- Antonia Bissell Laird (1969-1970)
- Dr. Harry O. Eisenberg (1971)
- David Hudson (1975-1976)
- E. Jean Lanyon (1979-1981)
- Dr.Fleda Brown(2001-2007)
- Dr.JoAnn Balingit(2008-2015)
- Nnamdi Chukwuochaand Albert Mills (2019–present)
District of Columbia[edit]
The United States' capital, theDistrict of Columbia,created the position of Poet Laureate of the District of Columbia in 1984 during the mayoralty ofMarion Barry.[32]The position is filled by appointment from themayor of the districttheDC Commission on the Arts and Humanities.[32]The District of Columbia's poet laureate program is currently stalled.[33][34] Only two poets laureate have been appointed since the creation of the position.Sterling Allen Brownwas appointed by MayorMarion Barry,serving from 1984 until his death in 1989.[32][35]Dolores Kendrickwas appointed by MayorAnthony A. Williams,serving from 1999 until her death in 2017.[36]
Florida[edit]
Poets Laureate of Florida are appointed by the governor and the Division of Arts and Culture.[37]They first served lifetime, unpaid appointments, until June 20, 2014, when HB 513 established a four-year term.[38]The first poet laureate of Florida wasFranklin L. Wood,[39]appointed in 1929 and died soon after assuming office.[38]Vivian Laramore Raderwas appointed in 1931 and served until her death in 1975.Edmund Skellingswas appointed in 1980.[40]A stroke that impaired his speech and limited his ability to do all of his official duties. He died August 19, 2012, leaving the post vacant.[39]Peter Meinkecurrently holds this position and was appointed on June 15, 2015.[38]
Georgia[edit]
The current poet laureate of Georgia isChelsea Rathburn,appointed in 2019.[41]
Hawaii[edit]
Prior to statehoodDon Blanding,originally from Oklahoma, was unofficially referred to as the poet laureate of Hawaii.[42]In 1951 Hawaii Territorial SenatorThelma Akana Harrisonin concurrent resolution 28, declaredLloyd Stone,who was originally from California, poet laureate.[43]When the modern program was established, Native HawaiianKealohawas appointed on May 3, 2012 by GovernorNeil Abercrombie.,[44]and he is the first poet laureate for the state of Hawaii, serving through 2022.[45][46][47][48]
Idaho[edit]
Irene Welch Grissomserved from 1923 to 1948 as Idaho's first poet laureate.[5]Sudie Stuart Hager served as the second poet laureate from 1949 to 1982.[5]After 1982 the title was changed to Writer in Residence.[5]
Illinois[edit]
The state's first three Poets Laureate were named at the initiative of individual governors and served for life. In 2003 the title was made into a four-year renewable award.[49]
Those who have served in the position include:
- Howard Austin(January 14, 1936 – April 1, 1962)[50]
- Carl Sandburg(February 28, 1962 – July 22, 1967)[51]
- Gwendolyn Brooks(January 3, 1968 – December 4, 2000)[52][53]
- Kevin Stein(December 11, 2003 – December 1, 2017)[54]
- Angela Jackson(2020–Present)[55][56][57][58]
Illinois' governor posthumously named songwriterJohn Prinehonorary poet laureate in 2021.[59][60]
Indiana[edit]
Indiana has the unique situation of having two posts: an official "state poet laureate", created in 2005, that is occupied by Matthew Graham, and the unofficial post of "premier poet" created in 1929 occupied by Sarah E. Morin.[61][62]
Iowa[edit]
The position was created July 1, 1999 by Subchapter 303.89 of the Iowa Code with a two-year renewable term.[63]Marvin Bellwas Iowa's first Poet Laureate,[63]from 2000 to 2004, followed byRobert Danafrom 2004 to 2008, andMary Swanderfrom 2009 to 2019.Debra Marquartis the current Poet Laureate of Iowa.[64]Her two year term started in May 2019.[63]
Kansas[edit]
The current poet laureate of Kansas is Huascar Medina, serving from 2019 to 2021. Predecessors includeJonathan Holden,Denise Low,Eric McHenry,Caryn Mirriam-Goldberg,andWyatt Townley.
Kentucky[edit]
From the creation of the poet laureate position in 1926 until 1990, the state legislature appointed poets to lifetime terms as poets laureate.[65]Several poets held the position at the same time. Since 1990, Kentucky state law provides for the appointment of a poet laureate or writer laureate to one two-year term selected by the governor.[66]The statute, Kentucky Revised Statutes Section 153.600 provides for two duties: (1) "Make a presentation on Kentucky Writers' Day" and (2) "Act as a writing consultant to the State Department of Education and Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives".[66]The position comes without salary, although the laureate "may be reimbursed for expenses".[66]According to theKentucky Arts Council,the Kentucky poet laureate is charged with "promoting the literary arts and leading the state in literary activities, including Kentucky Writers’ Day" —a holiday held on 24 April "to commemorate the birthday of Kentuckian Robert Penn Warren, the first poet laureate of the United States".[65]The poet laureate is inducted on this date at the Writers' Day festivities every other year.[65]
| # | Poet laureate | Term began | Term ended | Appointed by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | James Thomas "Cotton" Noe | March 1926 | 9 November 1953 (death) | legislature | [65][67] |
| 2 | Edward G. Hill | 1 October 1928 | 8 November 1937 (death) | legislature | [65][67] |
| 3 | Louise Scott Phillips | 1945 | 1983 (death) | legislature | [65][67] |
| 4 | Edwin Carlisle Litsey | 1954 | 3 February 1970 (death) | legislature | [65][67] |
| 5 | Jesse Hilton Stuart | 1954 | 1984 (death) | legislature | [65][67] |
| 6 | Lowell Allen Williams | 1956 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 7 | Lillie D. Chaffin | 1974 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 8 | Tom Mobley | 1976 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 9 | Agnes O'Rear | 7 March 1978 | 1990 (death) | legislature | [65][67] |
| 10 | Clarence "Soc" Clay | 1984 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 11 | Lee Pennington | 1984 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 12 | Paul Salyers | 1984 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 13 | Dale Faughn | 1986 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 14 | Jim Wayne Miller | 1986 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 15 | Henry E. Pilkenton | 1986 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 16 | James H. Patton, Jr. | 1990 | – | legislature | [65][67] |
| 17 | James Still | 1995 | 1996 | – | [65][67] |
| 18 | Joy Bale Boone | 1997 | 1998 | – | [65][67] |
| 19 | Richard Taylor | 1999 | 2000 | – | [65][67] |
| 20 | James Baker Hall | 2001 | 2002 | – | [65][67] |
| 21 | Joe Survant | 2003 | 2004 | – | [65][67] |
| 22 | Sena Jeter Naslund | 2005 | 2006 | – | [65][67] |
| 23 | Jane Gentry Vance | 2007 | 2008 | – | [65][67] |
| 24 | Gurney Norman | 2009 | 2010 | – | [65][67] |
| 25 | Maureen Morehead | 2011 | 2012 | – | [65][67] |
| 26 | Frank X Walker | January 2013 | 2014 | – | [65][67] |
| 27 | George Ella Lyon | 2015 | 2016 | – | [65][67] |
| 28 | Frederick Smock | May 1, 2017 | 2018 | [70] | |
| 29 | Jeff Worley | 2019 | 2020 | Matt Bevin | [71] |
| 30 | Crystal Wilkinson | 2021 | [72][73] |
Louisiana[edit]
The current poet laureate of Louisiana is Mona Lisa Saloy appointed in April 2021. Predecessors includeAva Leavell Haymon,Julie Kane,Peter Cooley,andJohn Warner Smith.[74]
Maine[edit]
The current poet laureate of Maine is Julia Bouwsna.[75]Predecessors includeWesley McNair,Baron Wormser,andBetsy Sholl.[76]
Maryland[edit]
The current poet laureate of Maryland isGrace Cavalieri,appointed in 2018.
Massachusetts[edit]
Massachusetts has never had an official poet laureate.[77][4]
Michigan[edit]
The current poet laureate of Michigan isNandi Comer,appointed in 2023.[78]
Minnesota[edit]
| # | Poet laureate | Term began | Term ended | Appointed by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Margarette Ball Dickson | 1934 | 21 July 1963 | Poet Laureates League (District of Columbia) | [79] |
| 2 | Laurene Tibbetts-Larson | 14 May 1974 | 6 December 1999 | unofficial election | [79] |
| 3 | Robert Bly | 27 February 2008 | 22 August 2011 | Gov.Tim Pawlenty | [79] |
| 4 | Joyce Sutphen | 23 August 2011 | April 2021 | Gov.Tim Pawlenty | [79][80] |
| 5 | Gwen Westerman | 2021 | Present | Gov.Tim Walz | [80] |
Mississippi[edit]
The current poet laureate of Mississippi is Catherine Pierce.
| # | Poet laureate | Term began | Term ended | Appointed by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maude Willard Leet Prenshaw | 1963 | 1971 (death) | Gov.Ross Barnett | [81] |
| 2 | Louise Moss Montgomery | 1973 | January 1978 (death) | Gov.William Waller | [81] |
| 3 | Winifred Hamrick Farrar | 31 July 1978 | 6 November 2010 (death) | Gov.Cliff Finch | [81] |
| 4 | Natasha Trethewey | January 2012 | 2016 | Gov.Haley Barbour | [81] |
| 5 | Beth Ann Fennelly | August 2016 | March 2021 | Gov.Phil Bryant | [82] |
| 6 | Catherine Pierce | April 2021 | present | Gov.Tate Reeves | [83] |
Missouri[edit]
Missouri's poet laureate was established by an executive order from the governor. The order outlined a post with a two-year term, to be filled by "a published poet, a resident of Missouri, be active in the poetry community, and be willing and able to promote poetry in the state of Missouri".[84]The order requires that the appointee "promote the arts in Missouri by making public appearances at public libraries and schools across the state" and "compose an original poem in honor of Missouri"[84]Missouri's poet laureate serves without compensation.[85][86]
| # | Poet laureate | Term began | Term ended | Appointed by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Walter Bargen[86][87] | February 2008 | January 2010 | Gov.Jeremiah W. "Jay" Nixon |
| 2 | David Clewell[86][85][88][89] | 3 March 2010 | 31 January 2012 | Gov. Jeremiah W. "Jay" Nixon |
| 3 | William Trowbridge[86] | 13 April 2012 | June 29, 2016 | Gov. Jeremiah W. "Jay" Nixon |
| 4 | Aliki Barnstone[86][90] | June 30, 2016 | June 30, 2019 | Gov. Jeremiah W. "Jay" Nixon |
| 5 | Karen Craigo[86] | November 2019 | June 2021 | Gov.Mike Parson |
| 6 | Maryfrances Wagner[86][91] | June 2021 | June 2023 | Gov. Mike Parson |
Montana[edit]
The current poet laureate of Montana is Mark Gibbons, appointed in August 2021.[92]Predecessors includeSheryl Noethe andHenry Real Bird.
Nebraska[edit]
The currentNebraskaState Poet isMatt Mason,serving 2019-2023.Twyla Hansenserved from 2013 to 2018, followingWilliam Kloefkornwho was the first Nebraskan to be given the title "Nebraska State Poet," which he held from 1982 to 2011.John Neihardt,who was appointed Nebraska poet laureate in 1921, retains the title of Poet Laureate of Nebraska "in perpetuity".[93][94][95]
Nevada[edit]
This post is currently vacant.Mildred Breedlove(1904–1994) was named poet laureate in 1957, but disputed with officials over a commissioned work. Norman Kaye, a songwriter, was appointed in the 1960s although he had (and has) not published any poetry. He was named "laureate emeritus" in 2007 but no replacement was announced.
New Hampshire[edit]
The current poet laureate of New Hampshire is Alexandria Peary, appointed October 2019.[96]Predecessors includeW. E. Butts,Richard Eberhart,Patricia Fargnoli,Cynthia Huntington,andJane Kenyon.[97]
New Jersey[edit]
New Jersey no longer has a poet laureate position. It existed for less than four years and was abolished by the legislature effective 2 July 2003.
The state legislature created in 1999 the post as part of a biennial award called theNew Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit.[98]The 1999 act, codified as N.J.S.A. 52:16A-26.9, provided for a panel of four poets from New Jersey selected by theNew Jersey State Council on the ArtstheNew Jersey Council for the Humanitieswould convene to select candidates for the position for the consideration of the state's governor.[98]An incumbent poet laureate would be the fifth member of the panel that selected his successor.[98]The governor alone would appoint the poet laureate by presenting him or her with theNew Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit.[98]The poet laureate, serving for a two-year term, was expected to "engage in activities to promote and encourage poetry within the State" and "give no fewer than two public readings within the State each year".[98]
The state legislature and governor abolished the post after the second poet laureate,Amiri Barakaincited a public controversy soon after his appointment with a public reading of his poem "Somebody Blew Up America"[99][100]The poem was controversial and met with harsh criticism by literary critics, politicians, and the public. The poem was highly critical ofracismin America, includes angry depictions of public figures, claimed Israel was involved in the World Trade Center attacks, and supported the theory that the United States governmentknew about the 9/11 attacks in advance.Critics accused Baraka of racism and anti-Semitism.[100]Baraka refused to resign, and because the statute did not allow the governor to remove him from the post, the state legislature and governor enacted legislation to abolish the position on 2 July 2003.[2]
| # | Poet laureate | Term began | Term ended | Appointed by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gerald Stern (1925-2022) |
17 April 2000 | July 2002 | Gov.Christine Todd Whitman | [101] |
| 2 | Amiri Baraka (1934–2014) |
28 August 2002 | 2 July 2003 (post abolished) | Gov.James E. McGreevey | [102][103][104] |
New Mexico[edit]
The current New Mexico Poet Laureate isLauren Camp(2023 - 2025). Her predecessor was New Mexico's first poet laureate,Levi Romeroin 2020.[105]
New York[edit]
The position of New York State Poet Laureate (official title: State Poet) was established by a special mandate of the New York State Legislature on August 1, 1985.[106]Willie Perdomo is the current New York state poet laureate.[106]In 1988 New York also established position for other genres of writing entitledNew York State Author.[7]In 2016 Governor Cuomo also namedJoseph TusianiPoet Laureate Emeritus.[107]
Those who have held the position include:
- Stanley Kunitz(1987-1989)[106][7][108]
- Robert Creeley(1989-1991)[106][7][108]
- Audre Lorde(1991-1993)[106][7][108]
- Richard Howard(1993-1995)[106][7][108]
- Jane Cooper(1995-1997)[106][7][108]
- Sharon Olds(1998-2000)[106][7][108]
- John Ashbery(2001-2003)[106][7][108]
- Billy Collins(2004-2006)[106][7][108]
- Jean Valentine(2008-2010)[106][7][108]
- Marie Howe(2012-2014)[106][7][108]
- Yusef Komunyakaa(2015-2017)[106][7]
- Alicia Ostriker(2018-2021)[106][7]
- Willie Perdomo(2020–present)[106][7]
North Carolina[edit]
The current poet laureate of North Carolina isJaki Shelton Green;first appointed in 2018.[109]
North Dakota[edit]
The position of poet laureate of North Dakota is currently vacant. It was previously occupied byLarry Woiwode,who was appointed in 1995 and served until his death in 2022.[110][111]
Ohio[edit]
In 2014, Ohio enacted law creating the position of Ohio poet laureate starting July 1, 2016. TheOhio Arts Councilprovides a list of candidates to the governor for selection to serve a two-year term, with the possibility of reappointment.[112][113]The current Ohio Poet Laureate is Kari Gunter-Seymour, appointed to a term beginning June 10, 2020.[114]She has been subsequently reappointed twice for terms beginning January 1, 2022 and January 1, 2024.[115][116]
Previous Ohio Poets Laureate areAmit Majmudar(2016-2017) andDave Lucas(2018-2019).[113][117]
Oklahoma[edit]
Oklahoma has appointed poets laureate since 1923.[118][119][120]The current poet laureate of Oklahoma isJay Snider.[121]
Oregon[edit]
The current poet laureate of Oregon isAnis Mojgani,appointed in 2020 by Governor Kate Brown.[122]
Pennsylvania[edit]
Pennsylvania appointed one poet,Samuel John Hazo,in 1993. He held the position for ten years before it was eliminated.[123][1]
Rhode Island[edit]
The State Poet of Rhode Island, established in 1987, is codified in Chapter 42-100 of the State of Rhode Island General Laws.[124]The five-year appointment by the Governor carries an annual salary of $1,000.[125]
The following have held the position:[124]
- Michael S. Harper(1988–1993)
- C.D. Wright(1994–1999)
- Tom Chandler (2000–2007)
- Lisa Starr (2007–2012)
- Rick Benjamin(2013–2016)
- Tina Cane(2016– )
South Carolina[edit]
The sixth poet laureate of South Carolina, generally a lifetime position, isMarjory Heath Wentworthwas appointed in 2003 by GovernorMark Sanfordpursuant to SC Code, Sec. 1-3-230[126]She resigned in 2020.[127]
South Dakota[edit]
The first poet laureate was appointed in 1937, and a permanent office of poet laureate of South Dakota was created by legislation in 1959. The Governor has the authority to appoint a candidate who has received a recommendation from theSouth Dakota State Poetry Society.The appointment was indefinite, "during the pleasure of the Governor", until 2015, when the term was set at four years. Past appointees have lifetimeemeritusstatus.[128][129]
The following have held the position:
- Charles "Badger" Clark(1937–1957)[130][131]
- Audrae Visser(1974-October 2001)[128][131]
- David Allan Evans(2002–2014, retired)[128][131]
- Lee Ann Roripaugh(2015–2019)[128][131]
- Christine Stewart-Nunez(2019–2023)[132][131]
Tennessee[edit]
The 87thTennessee General Assemblyappointed Richard M. "Pek" Gunn as first poet laureate for life in it 1971–1972 session.[133]He died in 1995.[134]The current poet laureate of Tennessee isMargaret Britton Vaughnwas appointed in 1999.[133]
Texas[edit]
The current poet laureate of Texas is Lupe Mendez, appointed in 2021.[135][136]
Utah[edit]
The Utah State Poet Laureate Program was established in 1997. As a joint project of theGovernor's Officeand theUtah Arts Council Literature Program,the Governor appoints the Utah Poet Laureate for a five-year term.[137][138]
Previous poets laureate:
- David Lee(1997–2003)[138]
- Ken Brewer(2003–2006)[138]
- Katharine Coles(2006–2012)[138]
- Lance Larsen(2012 – 2017)[138]
- Paisley Rekdal(2017–2022)[138][139]
- Lisa Bickmore(2022–present)[137]
Vermont[edit]
Robert Frostwas the first poet named as Laureate by Joint House Resolution 54 of theVermont General Assemblyin 1961, less than two years before his death. The current position of State Poet, a four-year appointment, was created by Executive Order 69 in 1988. In 2007, the designation was changed to Poet Laureate.
The following have held the position:[140]
- Robert Frost(1961-1963)
- Galway Kinnell(1989–1993)
- Louise Gluck(1994–1998)
- Ellen Bryant Voigt(1999–2002)
- Grace Paley(2003–2007)
- Ruth Stone(2007–2011)
- Sydney Lea(2011–2015)
- Chard deNiord(2015–2019)
- Mary Ruefle(2019– )
Virginia[edit]
The current poet laureate of is Virginia isLuisa Igloria,appointed in 2020 to a two-year term.[141]
Washington[edit]
Although the Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs namedElla Higginsonpoet laureate in 1931, there was no official position until House Bill 1279 was signed into law in 2007.[142]The position was unfilled for two years due to a budget shortfall, and resumed without state funding.
The following have served:[143]
- Samuel Green(2007–2009)
- unfilled (2010–2011)
- Kathleen Flenniken(2012–2014)
- Elizabeth Austen (2014–2016)
- Tod Marshall (2016–2018)
- Claudia Castro Luna(2018– )
West Virginia[edit]
West Virginia established the position of Poet Laureate by statute in 1927. The appointment was defined by statue as "at the pleasure of the Governor", but has become an indefinitely renewable two-year term. The following have served:[144][145]
- Karl Myers (1927–1937)
- Roy Lee Harmon (March 12, 1937 – 1943)
- James Lowell McPherson (1943–1946)
- Roy Lee Harmon (October 11, 1946 – 1960)
- Vera Andrews Harvey (1960–1961)
- Roy Lee Harmon (March 7, 1961 – 1979)
- Louse McNeil (Pease)(1979–1993)
- Irene McKinney(1994–2012)
- Marc Harshman(2012– )
Wisconsin[edit]
The position and nominating commission was created by executive order from GovernorTommy Thompsonon July 31, 2000. On February 4, 2011, GovernorScott Walkerdiscontinued state sponsorship and sent a letter to the members of the Wisconsin Poet Laureate Commission to inform them it has been terminated. The Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters assumed the role of the commission May of that year.[146][147][148] The Poets laureate of Wisconsin are:
- Ellen Kort(2001–2004)
- Denise Sweet(2005–2008)
- Marilyn Taylor(2009–2010)
- Bruce Dethlefsen(2011–2012; incumbent when the state discontinued the commission)
- Max Garland(2013–2014)
- Kimberly Blaeser(2015–2016)
- Karla Huston(2017-2018)
- Margaret Rozga (2019–2020)
- Dasha Kelly Hamilton(2021– )
Wyoming[edit]
The position of Poet Laureate was created by executive order in 1981 with a variable term of service. The post became a customary two-year term starting on statehood day (July 10). The current poet laureate of Wyoming isEugene M. Gaglianoappointed in 2016 and reappointed in 2018.[149][150]
The past poets laureate are:
- Peggy Simson Curry (January 14, 1981 – January 20, 1987)
- Charles L. Levendosky (January 4, 1988 – 1995)
- Robert Roripaugh(July 21, 1995 – 2003)
- David Romtvedt(August 15, 2004 – January 3, 2011)
- Patricia Frolander(November 7, 2011 – June 9, 2013)
- Echo Roy Klaproth (July 10, 2013 – July 8, 2015)
- A. Rose Hill (July 9, 2015 – July 10, 2016)
Notes[edit]
- ^ab"Pennsylvania".Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^abNew Jersey State Legislature."An Act concerning the State poet laureate and repealing P.L.1999, c.228".fromLaws of the State of New Jersey(P.L.2003, c.123). Approved 2 July 2003. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
- ^"Michigan".Library of Congress.Retrieved3 August2022.
- ^ab"Massachusetts",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-24
- ^abcd"Idaho".The Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^abLibrary of Congress.U.S. State Poets Laureate: Alaska.Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^abcdefghijklmno"State Author and State Poet honorees".New York State Writers Institute.Retrieved4 August2022.
- ^"Act No. 92",Acts of Alabama(1931).
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrAlabama Department of Archives and History."Official Symbols and Emblems of Alabama: Poets Laureate of Alabama".Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^Ingold, Stan (August 15, 2017),Jennifer Horne on Becoming Alabama Poet Laureate,Alabama Public Radio,retrieved2021-07-07
- ^Ashley M. Jones named Alabama Poet Laureate,Magic City Poetry Festival, August 22, 2021
- ^"State Writer Laureate".Alaska Humanities Forum.Retrieved1 August2022.
- ^"Alberto Álvaro Ríos".public.asu.edu.
- ^Poets, Academy of American."About Alberto Ríos | Academy of American Poets".poets.org.
- ^"Celebrated Poet Alberto Álvaro Ríos Named as Arizona's Inaugural Poet Laureate".AZ Arts.19 August 2013.Retrieved3 August2022.
- ^"Arizona".Library of Congress.Retrieved3 August2022.
- ^abWallace, April (15 May 2022)."HIGH PROFILE: Poet Laureate Suzanne Rhodes plans to use love of writing to influence other young poets in Arkansas".Arkansas Democrat Gazette.Retrieved1 August2022.
- ^ab"Arkansas - State Poet Laureate (State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress)".loc.gov.Retrieved2019-09-03.
- ^ab"AR Poet Laureate Home Page".Arkansaspoetlaureate. 2008-10-21.Retrieved2014-02-03.
- ^ab"Poets Laureate of Arkansas".Encyclopedia of Arkansas.Retrieved1 August2022.
- ^"Governor Newsom Appoints Lee Herrick as California Poet Laureate".California Arts Council.Retrieved2023-12-15.
- ^"Colorado Poet Laureate".Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade (OEDIT).Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^"John Denver".Rolling Stone.RetrievedDecember 26,2015.
- ^"Colorado - State Poet Laureate (State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress)".loc.gov.Retrieved2019-09-04.
- ^"Colorado Poet Laureate".Colorado Humanities.Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^ab"Connecticut",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-11
- ^abcState Poet Laureate: Archives,ct.gov,retrieved2020-02-11
- ^Yasiejko, Christopher (December 13, 2015)."Delaware Poets Laureate: For Twin Poets, a lifetime of using art to reach Delawareans leads to a national first".Delaware Division of the Arts.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
- ^ab"Poets Laureate of Delaware".Library of Congress.Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^"An afternoon with the Delaware Poets Laureate set April 23".Cape Gazette.April 1, 2016.
- ^"Collecting Delaware Books - Delaware's Poets Laureate".jnjreid.RetrievedJan 2,2020.
- ^abcDC Commission on the Arts and Humanities."History of the Office of the Poet Laureate".Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^Beasley, Sandra (5 February 2021)."D.C. needs a poet laureate".The Washington Post.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^"Alabama-Georgia".Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^Joseph D. Whitaker (January 16, 1989),"Poet Sterling Allen Brown Dies",Washington Post,retrieved2020-08-26
- ^"Dolores Kendrick, Poet Laureate of DC, dies at 90",WJLA-TV,November 8, 2017,retrieved2020-08-26
- ^"Florida Poet Laureate".Division of Arts and Culture.Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^abc"Florida - State Poet Laureate (State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress)".loc.gov.RetrievedJan 2,2020.
- ^abFlorida needs a poet laureate but with term limits this timeOctober 24, 2013 Time
- ^"Florida's Poet Laureate".RetrievedDecember 26,2015.
- ^Kemp Names Chelsea Rathburn as Georgia's Poet Laureate,Georgia Department of Economic Development, March 21, 2019,retrieved2019-06-27
- ^Huffman, Brian."Make a Lei on May Day Workshop".University of Hawaii.Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^Senate Journal.Tongg Publishing Company, Ltd. 1951.Retrieved1 August2022.
- ^"Kealoha becomes Hawaii's first poet laureate".Hawaii News Now. 2012-05-04.Retrieved1 August2022.
- ^"The Academy of American Poets Awards $1.1 Million to 22 Poet Laureate Fellows Across the Country in Support of Public Projects".Academy of American Poets.Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^"Poets academy gives $50,000 grants to local, state laureates".ABC News. 2 August 2022.Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^"Kealoha".Academy of American Poets.Retrieved2 August2022.
- ^"Hawaii".The Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^"Illinois - State Poet Laureate (State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress)".loc.gov.RetrievedJan 2,2020.
- ^"Howard Austin - Bio".Illinois Poet Laureate.State of Illinois.2020.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^"Carl Sandburg - Bio".Illinois Poet Laureate.State of Illinois.2020.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^Kantzavelos, Maria (8 June 2001)."Writing with rhyme and reason".Chicago Tribune.Tribune Publishing.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^"Gwendolyn Brooks - Bio".Illinois Poet Laureate.State of Illinois.2020.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^"Kevin Stein Biography".Illinois Poet Laureate.State of Illinois.2020.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^"Angela Jackson to Serve as Fifth Illinois Poet Laureate".www2.illinois.gov.State of Illinois.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^Illinois Poet Laureate.State of Illinois.2020https://www2.illinois.gov/sites/poetlaureate/Pages/Ms.-Jackson's-Biography.aspx.Retrieved12 December2020.
{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^Belman, Felice (2020-12-03)."In a Dark Season, We Went Looking for Poetry".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Retrieved2021-12-30.
- ^"Poet Laureate Angela Jackson – IL Humanities".Illinois Humanities.Retrieved2021-12-30.
- ^Kreps, Daniel (1 July 2020)."John Prine Named Illinois' First Honorary Poet Laureate".Rolling Stone.Penske Media Corporation.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^"Gov. Pritzker Announces 2020 Illinois Poet Laureate Search Committee: John Prine Bestowed Honorary Illinois Poet Laureate Designation".Illinois.gov.Office of the Governor. 30 June 2020.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^"Indiana Poetry Society"(PDF),Strophes,vol. 56, no. 4, National Federation of State Poetry Societies, p. 5, April 2020,retrieved2020-11-05
- ^"Indiana",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-11-05
- ^abc"Iowa".Library of Congress.
- ^"Poets Laureate Fellows Interview".Academy of American Poets.Retrieved3 August2022.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadKentucky Arts Council."Kentucky Poet Laureate History".Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^abcCommonwealth of Kentucky.153.600 Appointment of Kentucky state poet laureate or writer laureate.,Kentucky Revised Statutes. (1990 Ky. Acts ch.65, sec.1, effective July 13, 1990). Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaLibrary of Congress.U.S. State Poets Laureate: Kentucky.Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^"Frank X Walker new Ky. poet laureate"Le xing ton Herald-Leader,14 February 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^Kramer, Elizabeth."Frank X Walker named Kentucky's first African-American poet laureate",The Courier-Journal,14 February 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^Havens, Sara (July 23, 2017),"Kentucky Poet Laureate Frederick Smock wants to help rekindle your joy for poetry",Insider Louisville,retrieved13 July2019
- ^"KY: Kentucky Arts Council - Kentucky Poet Laureate, Crystal Wilkinson".artscouncil.ky.gov.
- ^"Crystal Wilkinson Kentucky Poet Laureate 2021-2022".artscouncil.ky.gov.Kentucky Arts Council. March 26, 2021.RetrievedMay 20,2021.
- ^Collins, Dan (April 15, 2021)."Crystal Wilkinson Appointed Kentucky Poet Laureate".wuky.org.WUKY.RetrievedMay 20,2021.
- ^"Louisiana".The Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^"Maine".The Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^"Poet Laureate History".Maine Arts Commission.Retrieved5 August2022.
- ^Fox, Jeremy C. (December 4, 2014),"Bill would create first official Massachusetts poet laureate",Boston Globe,retrieved2020-02-25
- ^"Award-Winning Poet Named Michigan's Poet Laureate".Michigan Department of Education.April 12, 2023.RetrievedApril 13,2023.
- ^abcdLibrary of Congress.U.S. State Poets Laureate: Minnesota.Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ab"Professor Gwen Westerman Named Minnesota's Poet Laureate".MSU.Retrieved1 August2022.
- ^abcdLibrary of Congress.U.S. State Poets Laureate: Mississippi.Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^Schnugg, Alyssa (10 August 2016)."Oxford's Beth Ann Fennelly named Mississippi poet laureate".Oxford Eagle.Retrieved11 August2016.
- ^"Catherine Pierce named new Mississippi poet laureate".The Clarion-Ledger.Associated Press.Retrieved2021-06-03.
- ^abOffice of Missouri Governor Jay Nixon."Executive Order 09-28",24 December 2009. According to Order 09-28, it supersedes Executive Order 08-01.
- ^abOffice of Missouri Governor Jay Nixon."Gov. Nixon appoints David Clewell Poet Laureate of Missouri"Archived2011-10-05 at theWayback Machine(press release), 3 March 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^abcdefg"Missouri".Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^Office of Missouri Governor Jay Nixon."Gov. Nixon establishes procedure for selecting new poet laureate, encourages Missourians to submit nominations"(press release), 24 December 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^Office of Missouri Governor Jay Nixon."Gov. Nixon appoints William Trowbridge as Missouri's new Poet Laureate"(press release), 13 April 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^Henderson, Jane,"William Trowbridge is new Missouri poet laureate",13 April 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^"Gov. Nixon appoints Aliki Barnstone as new Missouri poet laureate - the Missourian: State News".Archived fromthe originalon 2016-07-01.Retrieved2016-06-30.
- ^Genet, Mike (July 28, 2021),"A way with words: Independence's Maryfrances Wagner is Missouri's new poet laureate",The Examiner,retrieved2021-08-01
- ^"Mark Gibbons Named New Montana Poet Laureate".
- ^"Lincoln's Twyla Hansen named Nebraska state poet".Omaha World Herald.2013-11-14. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-12-10.Retrieved2013-12-10.
- ^Greg, Walkin (January 29, 2020),"Matt Mason: Reflections on his first year as State Poet, plans for 2020",Lincoln Journal Star,retrieved2020-02-29
- ^"Nebraska",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-29
- ^"Londonderry poet takes state honor",The Eagle-Tribune,November 12, 2019,retrieved2019-12-27
- ^"New Hampshire".The Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^abcdeState of New Jersey.P.L. 1999, c. 228 "An Act establishing the New Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit, supplementing Title 52 of the Revised Statutes and making an appropriation"(1999). Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^Baraka, Amiri (a.k.a. LeRoi Jones).Somebody Blew up America and Other Poems.(Philipsburg, St. Martin, DWI: House of Nehesi), 2003.
- ^abPearce, Jeremy."When Poetry Seems to Matter",The New York Times,9 February 2003. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.Fellows: Gerald Stern, 1980 – US & Canada Competition Creative Arts – Poetry. BiographyArchived2011-06-22 at theWayback Machine.Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^Mansnerus, Laura."McGreevey Could Fire Poet Under Proposed Legislation",The New York Times,8 October 2002. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ^Purdy, Matthew."New Jersey Laureate Refuses to Resign Over Poem",The New York Times,28 September 2002. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
- ^Sullivan, Al."McGreevey hails Baraka as a great artist",Hudson Reporter,10 January 2014. Note: The original article stated "I’ve always had great personal affected (sic) for him" —rendered here under the assumption that "affected" was a typographical error and the intended word was "affection". Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ^"New Mexico taps Chicano studies professor as poet laureate",kob,AP, February 2, 2020,retrieved2020-02-08
- ^abcdefghijklmno"New York".The Library of Congress.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^"Governor Cuomo Announces New York's Biennial State Author & Poet".New York State.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-04-02.Retrieved4 August2022.
- ^abcdefghij"New York State Author and New York State Poet Awards".University of Albany.Retrieved4 August2022.
- ^"Jaki Shelton Green New Poet Laureate | North Carolina Arts Council".ncarts.org.Retrieved2018-06-22.
- ^"Larry Woiwode, North Dakota poet laureate, dies at age 80".InForum.May 1, 2022.RetrievedMay 2,2022.
- ^"Larry Woiwode, who wrote of family, faith and rural life, dies at 80".New York Times.May 15, 2022.
- ^Amended Substitute Senate Bill Number 84,Ohio General Assembly, 2014,retrieved2020-06-11
- ^ab"Ohio",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-06-11
- ^"Governor introduces Kari Gunter-Seymour as Ohio Poet Laureate",Richland Source,June 10, 2020,retrieved2020-06-11
- ^Reports, Staff and Submitted (2023-12-19)."Governor DeWine reappoints Kari Gunter-Seymour as Ohio Poet Laureate".The Athens Messenger.Retrieved2023-12-20.
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^"Governor DeWine reappoints Kari Gunter-Seymour as Ohio poet laureate".highlandcountypress.Retrieved2021-12-28.
- ^"Ohio Poet Laureate".oac.ohio.gov.Retrieved2017-04-20.
- ^"Oklahoma – State Poet Laureate (State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress)".Loc.gov.Retrieved24 July2022.
- ^"Poets Laureate – The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture".Okhistory.org.Retrieved24 July2022.
- ^"Oklahoma Arts Council: Oklahoma State Poet Laureate".Arts.ok.gov.Retrieved24 July2022.
- ^Watts, James D (21 December 2022)."Rancher-writer named state Poet Laureate".Tulsa World.Retrieved30 December2022.
- ^Tonthat, Steven (April 27, 2020)."Anis Mojgani Named Oregon's 10th Poet Laureate".Oregon Public Broadcasting.Retrieved2020-08-17.
- ^"It's official: Every poet is a state poet".old.post-gazette.RetrievedJan 2,2020.
- ^ab"Rhode Island",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-11
- ^"Chapter 42-100 State Poet",State of Rhode Island General Laws,retrieved2020-02-11
- ^State of South Carolina. "Section 1-3-230. Appointment of poet laureate",Title 1 – Administration of the Government, Chapter 3, Governor and Lieutenant Governor, Article 1, General Provisions Affecting Governor,South Carolina Code of Laws, Unannotated, Current through the end of the 2012 Session.Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^Hogan, Maura (October 2, 2020),"SC poet laureate Marjory Wentworth resigns from the position she has held for 17 years",The Post and Courier,retrieved2020-10-11
- ^abcd"South Dakota",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-27
- ^"1-22-7. Poet laureate of state",Codified Laws,South Dakota Legislature,retrieved2020-02-27
- ^Trimble, Marshall (August 5, 2009),"Who is Badger Clark?",True West Magazine,retrieved2020-02-27
- ^abcde"Poet Laureate".South Dakota State Poetry Society.Retrieved4 August2022.
- ^Kaczke, Lisa (May 30, 2019),"Christine Stewart named South Dakota's poet laureate",Sioux Falls Argus Leader,retrieved2019-12-15
- ^ab"Tennessee",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-24
- ^"Deaths",Tulsa World,26 February 1995,retrieved2020-02-24
- ^"Poets Laureate of Texas".Library of Congress. September 13, 2011.RetrievedJuly 30,2022.
- ^"Texas Poets Laureate".Texas State Library and Archives Commission. April 22, 2019.RetrievedJuly 30,2022.
- ^abUtah Poet Laureate,Utah Division of Arts & Museums,retrieved2020-02-24
- ^abcdef"Utah",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-24
- ^"U. English professor named Utah poet laureate".Deseret News.May 11, 2017.RetrievedAugust 21,2019.
- ^"Vermont",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-12
- ^"ODU English professor named poet laureate of Virginia",WAVY,July 20, 2020,retrieved2020-08-15
- ^HB 1279 - 2007-08 Establishing the poet laureate program,Washington State Legislature,retrieved2020-02-10
- ^"Washington",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-10
- ^"Article 7. Poet Laureate. §29-7-1. Appointment; qualifications; salary",West Virginia Code,retrieved2020-02-09
- ^"West Virginia - State Poet Laureate (State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress)".loc.gov.RetrievedJan 2,2020.
- ^"Welcome to Wisconsin Poet Laureate Commission".wisconsinpoetlaureate.org.Retrieved2020-02-08.
- ^"Wisconsin",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-08
- ^Higgins, Jim (January 11, 2021),"Milwaukee's Dasha Kelly Hamilton named Wisconsin poet laureate",Milwaukee Journal Sentinel,retrieved2021-01-14
- ^"Wyoming",State Poets,Library of Congress,retrieved2020-02-08
- ^Wyoming Poet Laureate,Wyoming Arts Council,retrieved2020-02-08
External links[edit]
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Textbooksfrom Wikibooks
Resourcesfrom Wikiversity
- U.S. state poets laureate– a comprehensive guide at the Library of Congress
- Alaska state poet laureate
- California state poet laureate
- Connecticut state poet laureate
- Delaware state poet laureate
- Georgia state poet laureate
- Illinois state poet laureate
- Official state poems
- Washington state poet laureate
- Washington state poet laureate
