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Video game livestreaming

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"Game streaming" redirects here. For video gaming on remote servers, seecloud gaming.For the level design technique, seeLevel streaming.

Thelive streamingofvideo gamesis an activity where people broadcast themselves playing games to a live audience online.[1]The practice became popular in the mid-2010s on theUS-based siteTwitch,before growing toYouTube,Facebook,China-based sitesHuya Live,DouYu,andBilibili,and other services. By 2014, Twitch streams had more traffic thanHBO's online streaming service,HBO Go.Professional streamers often combine high-level play and entertaining commentary, and earn income from sponsors, subscriptions, ad revenue, and donations.

Both AAA and indie developers have circumvented rising development costs by utilizing the free advertising live streaming provides. Independent titles such asFall Guys,Rocket League,andAmong Usare examples of games that have experienced a huge increase in player base as a result of streaming.Esportshave also gained significant traction and attention from the accessibility of live streaming, and streaming has even been used as a method to raise awareness of social issues and money for charity.

Through live streaming, viewers can watch experienced or entertaining video game players while immersing themselves in a virtual audience of like-minded people. Many viewers cannot experience these video games due to time and financial constraints. Video game live streaming can be a remedy to this dilemma, allowing the audience to consume the act of the streamer's consumption.[2]Live streamers are seen as community organizers of a video game due to their ability to play said game or the entertainment they've created around it.[2]

Twitch is currently the most popular video game live-streaming service for both streamers and viewers. The website averaged 35 million daily users in 2022 and 7 million distinctive streamers go live every month.[3]Twitch has a global reach as well, hosting broadcasts in up to 35 different languages.[3]

Overview

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History

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The popularity of livestreaming video games began with WSBN, a shoutcasting station, video streaming a competitive Starsiege Tribes match via Windows Media Encoder to approximately 50 people in 2001. Own3d, an early esport streaming website based in Austria, operated between 2009 and 2013.[4]It later became popular in the mid-2010s on sites such as Twitch.[5]By 2014, Twitch streams had more traffic than HBO Go and eventually hastened the closure ofJustin.tv,which Twitch had originally spun out of.[6][7]In 2015, YouTube launched YouTube Gaming, a video gaming-oriented sub-site and app that intended to compete with Twitch.[8]Other notable video-game oriented streaming websites includeMicrosoft'sMixer,which shut down in July 2020,Smashcast.tv,which was formed after the merging ofAzubuandHitbox.tv,the South Korea-basedafreecaTV,and many China based sites like Huya Live, DouYu and Bilibili.

In August 2020, China basedvideo sharingwebsite and live streaming service Bilibili paidRiot Games$113 million for the exclusive rights to broadcastLeague of LegendsWorld Championship,Mid-Season InvitationalandLeague of LegendsAll Starfor three years in China. It was the biggest deal in the video game live streaming market, and made China's video game live streaming market bigger than Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Facebook Gaming combined, according to journalist Rod Breslau.[9][10]

Impact on the video game industry

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Live streaming has brought attention to previously obscure video games such asRocket League,Fall Guys,andAmong Us.Rocket League,a vehicular soccer game developed byPsyonix,sold over 5 million copies after becoming one of the top 5 most-watched games on Twitch when it released in July 2015. The game eventually accumulated over 12 million players and earned itself a TwitchRocket League Championship Series.[11]In September 2020,Rocket Leagueabandoned its traditional pricing scheme and becamefree-to-play.

This form of live streaming has become a popular form of advertising for video game developers, surpassing traditional mediums such as online magazines and traditionaldemos.[11]Potential consumers can experience newly released video games without having to purchase them, which helps them understand which titles they would like to purchase. In fact, recent research suggests that live streams bring additional players into broadcast games and even increase online sales of these games.[12]

Video game live streaming has increased the popularity of manyfree-to-playgames likeFortnite,Call of Duty: Warzone,andValorant.Free-to-play games cost no money to buy and play but offer purchasable items in-game in order to turn a profit. Items can range from clothes, weapon accessories,emotes,and more. Due to its popularity among live streamers and easy accessibility for viewers to play, free-to-play games blew up in popularity in the video game community.

Video game livestreaming has also increasingly become a significant method of promoting video games. Research indicates that livestreaming can effectively stimulate both gaming and spending among viewers. A study has shown that watching esports events provides viewers with a sense of escapism, social interaction, and enjoyment, which can lead to increased gaming activity and higher expenditure on in-game purchases.[13]

Another reason for the increased popularity of free-to-play games was the frequent updates andpatchesprovided for the player base.[14]Major issues users found in games were getting fixed much more frequently than inAAA games.Due to the popularity of these games, live-streaming platforms have become places of discussion and suggestions on how to improve these games.[14]

Older titles, such asSuper Mario 64andThe Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time,have seen renewed popularity due tospeedruns,or rapid completions, facilitated by live streaming.[11]This has been a key component in diversifying livestreaming audiences.

Impact on esports

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With the ability for anyone to watch from home on their devices, esports viewership reached 213 million in 2016 and continues to grow every year.[15]Popular eSports titles includeCall of Duty,Counter Strike: Global Offensive,Dota 2,Fortnite,League of Legends,andOverwatch.[16]One of the biggest prize pools in esports was for theDota 2tournament,The International,which totaled a pool of US$25 million in 2017.[15]

Smaller video game communities, such as theSuper Smash Bros Meleecommunity, have benefited from the visibility they have gained from video game live streaming.[17]In 2013, several members of theSuper Smash Bros Meleecommunity live streamed in order to raise money to become the eighth game featured at the prestigious tournamentEvolution Championship Seriesand overturn a decision by Nintendo to ban the game from the event.[18]

Streamer-Viewer Relationship

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Livestreaming video games has become a phenomenon offering a range of entertainment and engagement. It's not just, about broadcasting gameplay it's about the unique dynamics that streamers bring to their live shows. Live chat logs are at the heart of this culture serving as a hub where viewers and streamers form a special bond.[19]People are not only interested in the gameplay itself but in the personalities and entertainment provided by the streamer. This connection goes beyond watching viewers often try to emulate the streamer's overall persona creating an environment where the streamer sets the tone and vibe of the livestream.[19]Live chat logs enable this interactivity through features like subscriber emotes – emoticons that viewers can use if they pay a subscription fee to support their favorite streamer.[19]These emotes are often designed specifically for each streamer reflecting their personality or unique language style allowing dedicated fans to communicate in their own way and making video game live-streaming even more immersive.[19]

Social activism

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In December 2019, famous streamer,Dr. Lupo,hosted a 24-hour charity live stream to have all donations and earnings earned during the stream donated toSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital.The stream managed to raise $2.3 million, with Twitch itself donating $1 million of the total.[20]In 2020, American politicianAlexandria Ocasio-Cortezlive streamed herself playing the popular game Among Us with other streamers who have large followings in an effort to encourage people to vote in the2020 United States presidential election.[21]

Profession

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Video game livestreaming is an emerging industry, the rise of the industry has allowed many Internet companies to rise while also allowing many grassroots gamers to leap to become big anchors, bringing more employment opportunities for young people.[22]Professional streamers often combine gameplay with highly knowledgeable ordexterous playand entertaining commentary. They can generate sufficient revenue from viewersubscriptionsand donations, as well as platform advertisements and sponsorships from eSports organizations.[23]An October 2017 report from SuperData Research estimated that more people subscribed to video game streams andLet's Playvideos on YouTube and Twitch than for all ofHBO,Netflix,ESPN,andHulu,combined.[24]

Benefits

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As a profession, video game live streaming allows people to play the games they love while supporting their livelihood. As they gain bigger followings by streaming consistently and marketing, streamers are able to take advantage of the tools within most streaming platforms, such as subscriptions, donations, or advertisements, to support themselves.[25]On some live streaming platforms, such asDouyuandHuya Live,viewers can tip the streamers in the form of virtual gifting.[26]Streamers can also become sponsored, or offer rewards in the form of competitions or games to the viewers in order to promote their channel and increase viewership and monetization. Some competitions offer large money prizes for the winner. A professional Fortine player, Bugha, won 3 million dollars at theFortnite World Cupin July 2019.[27]In addition, streams can control their work schedule and their success on their platform can give a strong sense of personal accomplishment.[28]Video game live streaming appeals to many for the ability to transform a hobby of playing video games into a profitable career of streaming them, in addition to the social benefits of being in a position of renown with a large viewership and semi-celebrity status.[28]

Risks

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Streamers run the risk of being victims ofstalking,as is common with other public figures. For example, a teenage viewer showed up uninvited to a streamer's house and requested to stream with him after having saved up for a one-way transcontinental flight.[29]Another risk to streamers isswatting,where someone makes a false report to police of serious criminal activity taking place at the streamer's residence, resulting in a raid by police, which is often captured live by the streaming service.[30]Such activity can create serious risk to the streamer, and has even resulted in deaths. In the2017 Wichita swatting,police officers killed a man named Andrew Finch at hisKansashome. Finch was the unintended victim of the swatting after twoCall of Dutyplayers on the same team got into a heated argument about aUS$1.50 bet.LAPDarrested 25-year-old serial-swatter Tyler Raj Barriss, known online as "SWAuTistic" and "GoredTutor36", in connection with the incident, who was later sentenced to 20 years in federal prison for the offense.[31][32][33][34]In another instance, a streamer by the name Jamie Lynn Greenwood was swatted while playingMinecraft.[35]

Stream sniping

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Stream sniping is a common tactic to gain an advantage in a video game by watching the live stream of an enemy player while playing.[36]Several video game developers have taken measures against stream sniping, and video games such asRustandFortnitenow hide the names of popular streamers.[37][38]In November 2018, live streamerNinjacontroversially threatened to report a player who he thought had killed him inFortniteby stream sniping.[39]While stream sniping happens somewhat rarely for most streamers due to the countermeasures set by the games, as well as tactics set up by the streamers themselves like covering up the in-game map or setting a delay for the stream, there are cases, like for the popular Twitch streamerForsen,where stream sniping plays a part in a streamer's entertainment and therefore the streamer allows it.[40]

Entry

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Players involved in eSports can get into streaming by using their popularity or by using their honed skills and in-depth game knowledge during their livestream.[28]People on YouTube or other social media platforms often become streamers as well to interact more with viewers. Other types of people that enter streaming include video game creators and people who write articles or blogs about video games.[28]

To build an audience, experienced streamers recommend that newer streamers stream a popular game because it is more likely to interest viewers.[7] Popular titles in the mid-2010s includeLeague of Legends,Dota 2,first-person shooters such asCounter Strike: Global Offensive,and card games such asHearthstone.Viewers are more interested in players who play and entertain well, offering jokes, pop culture, and current event commentary instead of repetitive gameplay. Streamers also recommend keeping a schedule so viewers know when to watch, self-promoting on social media, and holding giveaway contests to increase followers.[7]

Streaming equipment

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Microphones are critical to live streaming because they allow streamers to vocally communicate with their audience.[41]Webcams are also useful because they allow the audience to see streamers and recognize them.[41]If using a webcam, many streamers have additional lighting to brighten up their faces when streaming to allow viewers to see them clearly.[41]AnEthernet cable(as opposed toWiFi) is highly recommended for streamers because it minimizes stuttering while streaming.[41]XLRorUSBcardiod microphonesare a popular choice among streamers and can be spotted in most streams.

Home video game consoles, such as thePlayStation 4,PlayStation 5,Xbox Series XandXbox One,contain built-in streaming and optional camera integration for streamers to use. Streamers using computers use software such asOpen Broadcaster SoftwareorXSplitto upload a livestream to the Twitch servers.[7]For streamers using laptops, many gaming laptops are coming with new graphics cards and better connectivity to help streamers to stream their gaming experiences.[42]

List of video game live streaming websites

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Active

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The following is a list of sites that primarily focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of eSports competitions, in addition to other types of content.

YouTube Gaming booth at Google event in 2019
Website Domain Launch Owner Note
Twitch twitch.tv June 6, 2011 Amazon
YouTube youtube /gaming Google
Facebook fb.gg Meta Platforms
SteamBroadcast steamcommunity 2015 Valve
DLive dlive.tv September 2018 Rainberry, Inc.
Kick kick December 1, 2022
Trovo Live trovo.live March, 2020 Tencent[43]
Huya Live[44] huya November 24, 2014 Tencent(50.1%),JOYY(43%)[21]
Nimo TV nimo.tv May 3, 2018 Huya Live's global site
DouYu[44] douyu 2014 Tencent(37%)[45]
Bilibili[46] live.bilibili Tencent(Minority ownership)[15]
Kuaishou live.kuaishou Tencent(Minority ownership)[15]
YY[44] yy 2012 JOYY[21]
SOOP sooplive May 11, 2005 Rebranded from AfreecaTV on October 15, 2024
Loco[47] loco.gg November 2017[48] Anirudh Pandita, Ashwin Suresh[49]
Owncast owncast.online August 8, 2020 Owncast is part of theFediverseand can be self-hosted
Mildom mildom August 2019

Defunct

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Website Domain Launch Owner Note
Mixer mixer January 5, 2016 Microsoft Mixer has shut down on July 22, 2020. (Microsoft currently partners with Facebook)[50]
Smashcast smashcast.tv May, 2017 Defunct as of 2020
Azubu azubu.tv 2012 Shut down and was succeeded bySmashcast
Hitbox hitbox.tv October 2013 Acquired byAzubuand then succeeded bySmashcast
Caffeine caffeine.tv January 31, 2018 Caffeine has shut down on June 26, 2024.[51]
[edit]
Main article:Legal issues with Let's Play videos

Live streaming of video games has many of the same legal issues thatLet's Playvideos may have. First and foremost, such videos can be considered a copyright violation, though is argued to be protected byfair usedefenses. Streamers with larger audiences can also promote the game before its release by receiving a copy of the game from the developer to play on their platform, which runs the risk of violating ethical business practices if they stand to make a substantial amount of income from this promotion.[52]

Nintendo has generally taken a strong stance compared to other publishers for allowing their games to be streamed or recorded. Initially, they have usedYouTube's Content IDsystem to register their games such that they can generate ad revenue from streaming videos and Let's Play videos.[53]By about 2014, Nintendo crafted its Nintendo Creators Program, which would allow players providing live streams and Let's Plays of Nintendo games that sign onto the program to receive some monetization of these videos through YouTube.[54][55]However, in September 2017, Nintendo changed the program specifically preventing affiliates from streaming video of Nintendo games, monetized or not, though non-affiliated accounts, and Let's Plays with commentary, remain unaffected.[56]However, on November 28, 2018, Nintendo announced that the program was shutting down.[57][58]

The playing of copyrighted music without proper permission may cause archived streams to be removed or muted. Streamers can also be suspended, due to complaints under laws such as the U.S.Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act,or automated content matching. More than 10 popular Twitch streamers, includingFélix "xQc" LengyelandZachary "Sneaky" Scuderi,were banned for 24 hours for allegedly playing a song byJuice WRLDin June 2018. Some of the bans were lifted, with the artist's record labelInterscopeclaiming that the ban was accidental.[59][60]Even backlash from small streamers is on the rise. English live streamerPhatUnicorn420uses music from his real life brother, music producerSampleTheChef.Even after rejecting and disputing over 200 video mutes to his channel, Twitch are still unable to identify Phat's claims and to stop them reoccurring. Twitch sent a letter to users in October 2020 stating that it would remove videos or channels that had copyrighted music on them, and that it could not stop streamers from facing punishments due to Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) violations.[61]

See also

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References

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Further reading

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Video_game_livestreaming&oldid=1260323920"