Suicide in Russia
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Suicide in Russiais a significant nationalsocial issue,with the suicide rate at 10.6 suicides per 100.000 people.[1]In 2021, the suicide rate inRussiawas 10.7 per 100,000 people, according to national sources,[2]down from 39.1 in 2000 and 41.4 in 1995.[3][4]Since 2002 the number of suicides has fallen in each consecutive year and has dropped to its lowest level in more than 50 years (in 1965, the number of suicides was 27,158).[5]
History[edit]
In theRussian Empireand for a long time in theUSSR,a complete record of suicides was not kept. The studies covered individual cities or regions, later the urban population. And only since 1956 - underNikita Khrushchev- the USSR began to collect data on suicides for the entire population of the country. In May 1985Mikhail Gorbachevcame to power and the anti-alcohol campaign with partial prohibition began almost simultaneously.[6]For a couple of years the number of suicides fell, but the deterioration of the socio-economic situation of the country by the end of the 1980s reversed the trend of suicides to the downside.[7]
Thedissolution of the Soviet Union,market reforms, theFirst Chechen Warand falling incomes among the population resulted in an increase in suicide mortality, reaching peak levels in 1994 and 1995.
During the last years, as a consequence of the change in the culture of alcohol consumption in the country - Russians began to consume morebeer,wineand other drinks with less alcohol, the decline of strong and popularvodkasales is similar to the decrease in the number of suicides in the country.[8]
At the end of 2015, suicide rates rated as high were recorded in 37 of the 85 regions. These are, above all, the regions in the north, theUrals,SiberiaandRussian Far East.The worst places were theAltai Republic,theTransbaikal,theJewish Autonomous Oblast,Buryatiaand theNenets Autonomous Okrug,with important indigenous populations.[9]Eighteen regions have a suicide rate classified as low, includes the two main cities of Russia:MoscowandSaint Petersburg.
| 1995 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of suicides | 61000 | 56934 | 33480 | 25476 | 23119 | 20278 | 18206 | 16983 | 15748 |
| Per 100 000 population | 41.4 | 39.1 | 23.4 | 17.4 | 15.8 | 13.8 | 12.4 | 11.6 | 10.7 |
Suicide rate per 100 000 population[10][3][4]
 | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info onPhabricatorand onMediaWiki.org. |
Alcohol and suicide[edit]
Heavy alcohol use is a significant factor in the suicide rate, with an estimated half of all suicides correlated with alcohol abuse.[11][12]Russia's suicide rate has declined since the 1990s, alongside per capita alcohol consumption, despite the economic crisis since then; therefore it is believed that alcohol consumption is more of a factor than economic conditions.[12]
See also[edit]
- Blue Whale Challenge,an online suicide game invented in Russia linked to many youth suicides worldwide
- Federal law of Russian Federation no. 139-FZ of 2012-07-28,which introduced censorship of Web pages containing information about methods of suicide, and calls for suicide
References[edit]
- ^"GHO | By category | Suicide rate estimates, age-standardized - Estimates by country".WHO.Retrieved12 May2021.
- ^ab"Fedstat Смертность от самоубийств (3.4.2.)".pp. Год (Year) - 2021, Возраст (Age) - Всего, Пол (Sex) - Оба пола.Retrieved5 March2023.
- ^abc"Russian statistical yearbook. 2018 (in Russian and English)".Rosstat.
- ^abc"Russian statistical yearbook 2019".Rosstat.2020.Retrieved22 January2021.
- ^"Россия передумала умирать".Газета РБК(in Russian).Retrieved21 January2021.
- ^"Об усилении борьбы с пьянством (в редакции Указа Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 29 мая 1987 года N 7104-XI) (не применяется на территории РФ с 01.07.2002), Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 16 мая 1985 года №2458-XI"[On the Increased Struggle against Hard Drinking and Alcoholism].docs.cntd.ru(in Russian). 1985.Retrieved21 January2021.
- ^Brainerd, Elizabeth (1 May 2001)."Economic reform and mortality in the former Soviet Union: A study of the suicide epidemic in the 1990s".European Economic Review.15th Annual Congress of the European Economic Association.45(4): 1007–1019.doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00108-8.hdl:10419/21091.ISSN0014-2921.S2CID154383668.
- ^Иванович, Ворошилин Сергей (2012)."Алкогольный фактор среди причин роста самоубийств в СССР и в постсоветстких государствах"[The alcohol factor among the reasons for the increase in suicides in the USSR and in the post-Soviet states].Суицидология(in Russian).3(2 (7)). Ural University.ISSN2224-1264.
- ^Sumarokov, Yury A.; Brenn, Tormod; Kudryavtsev, Alexander V.; Sidorenkov, Oleg; Nilssen, Odd (22 July 2016)."Alcohol and suicide in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia".International Journal of Circumpolar Health.75:30965.doi:10.3402/ijch.v75.30965.ISSN1239-9736.PMC4958908.PMID27452190.
- ^"Suicide rates (per 100,000), by gender, Russian Federation, 1980-2006"(PDF).World Health Organization.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 August 2021.Retrieved24 October2021.
- ^Pridemore, W. A. (2006)."Heavy Drinking and Suicide in Russia".Social Forces.85(1). National Institutes of Health: 413–430.doi:10.1353/sof.2006.0138.PMC1642767.PMID17160138.
- ^abDemoscope - Demographic, social and economic consequences of alcohol abuse in RussiaDemoscopeRetrieved on 6 July 2010
