Jump to content

Sulaiman ar-Rasuli

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Syekh
Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
سليمان الرسولي
Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
TitleInyiak Canduang
Personal
Born(1871-12-10)December 10, 1871
Candung,Dutch East Indies
Died1 August 1970(1970-08-01)(aged 98)
Candung,Indonesia
Resting placeMadrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah Candung
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i
CreedAsh'ari
MovementPERTI
Main interest(s)Fiqh,Aqidah,Tasawwuf,Tafsir,Sirah,Minangkabau Adat
Notable work(s)Aqwāl al-Marḍiyah,Enam Risalah,Pedoman Hidup di Alam Minangkabau
TariqaNaqshbandi-Khalidi
Muslim leader
Influenced by
  • Abdurrahman Batuhampar, Abdullah Halaban, Muhammad Arsyad Batuhampar,Ahmad Khatib al-Minankabawi,Mukhtar Atarid al-Bughuri, Umar Bajunaid al-Hadrami, Ahmad Shata al-Makki
Influenced

SheikhSulaiman ar-Rasuli(10 December 1871 – 1 August 1970), known asInyiak Canduang,was an Indonesianʿālimand founder ofUnion of Islamic Education(Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah,PERTI), akaum tua(traditionalist)Islamicorganization fromWest Sumatra.He was credited for popularizing the famousMinangkabauidiom,adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah(traditions are founded upon the [Islamic] law, and the law founded upon theQur'an).

Biography

[edit]

Early life

[edit]

Sulaiman was born in Candung,Agamon 10 December 1871 to Muhammad Rasul, a local religion teacher, and Siti Buliah. In 1881, he was taught Qur'an by Abdurrahman Batuhampar, a well-knownNaqshbandimurshidand grandfather ofMohammad Hatta,in Batuhampar,Lima Puluh Kota.After completed his study in Batuhampar, he visited various ulama inMinangkabau Highlands.One of those was Abdullah Halaban, a scholar who Sulaiman studied various subjects under him.[1]

In 1903, Sulaiman went toMeccaforhajjand Islamic education. He studied under several scholars such asAhmad Khatib al-Minankabawi,Mukhtar Atarid al-Bughuri, Umar Bajunaid al-Hadrami, Ahmad Shata al-Makki, and others.[2][3]After completed his studies, he returned to Candung and opened asurauin 1908.[4]

In 1923, he receivedNaqshbandi-Khalidiijazahfrom Muhammad Arsyad, son of Abdurrahman Batuhampar.[5]

Activities during Dutch and Japanese period

[edit]

Sulaiman ar-Rasuli engaged in several political activities in West Sumatra. The first one was in 1918 when he elected as the head branch ofSarekat Islamin Candung.[6]In 1921, he participated in establishingIttihad Ulama Sumatera(Union of Sumatran Clerics), akaum tuaorganization led by Muhammad Saad Mungka.[7]

In 1928, he transformed his surau intomadrasain order to compete withkaum muda(modernist) schools likeSumatera Thawalib.Together with otherkaum tuaclerics like Muhammad Jamil Jaho, Abbas Qadhi, and Abdul Wahid Saleh, Sulaiman ar-Rasuli foundedPersatuan Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah(Union of Islamic Education School) on 5 May 1928. The organization later changed its name toPersatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah(Union of Islamic Education, PERTI).[8]

DuringJapanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies,he became one of the founders ofMajelis Islam Tinggi(High Islamic Council, MIT), an organization founded by bothkaum tuaandkaum mudascholars. He was chosen as theKetua Umum(general chairman) of MIT.[9]In 1943, he became one of the representatives from Minangkabau in conference of ulama inSingapore.[6]

After independence of Indonesia

[edit]

When PERTI held a congress on 22–24 December 1945 inBukittinggi,ar-Rasuli approved the plan to transformed PERTI into political party.[10]He also establishedLasykar Muslimin Indonesia,a paramilitary wing of PERTI during thenational revolutionin 1945–1949.[11]

In the1955 Indonesian Constitutional Assembly election,he was elected as the member ofKonstituante(Constitutional Assembly).[12]WhenKonstituanteheld the first session on 10 November 1956, he became the head of the session.[13]

Owing to his experience as aqadiin Candung,[6]he was appointed as the Head ofMahkamah Syariah(Sharia Court) inCentral Sumatraon 17 January 1947. He held the position until 1958.[14]

Death

[edit]

Sulaiman ar-Rasuli died on 1 August 1970 in Candung, Indonesia. He was buried in his madrasa, Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (MTI) Candung.Harun Zain,Governor of West Sumatra,instructed flags in West Sumatra to be flown athalf-mast.[15]

Views

[edit]

Islam

[edit]

Sulaiman ar-Rasuli was widely known as one of great scholars amongkaum tuain West Sumatra.[16]Some of his well known writings are his commentaries aboutuṣallīrecitation beforesalah,[17]Quran translations,[18]andAhmadiyya.[19]Two of his books aboutAsh'aricreed,Jawāhir al-KalāmiyyahandAqwāl al-Marḍiyah,are still regularly taught in MTI Candung.[20]

As a Naqshbandi, he became an ardent defender of theSufiorder. He argued that Naqshbandidhikrpractices andrābiṭahdo not violate thesharia.[21][22]On the other hand, he criticized other Sufi master who he considered had violated theSunnicreed and jurisprudence, such as in his conflict with Haji Jalaluddin ofPPTI.[23][24]

Minangkabauadat

[edit]

ar-Rasuli played major role in introducing the relation between Islam andadat.He popularized the idiomadat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah(traditions are founded upon the [Islamic] law, and the law founded upon the Qur'an).[25]Six of his writings are related to this theme.[15]

Personal life

[edit]

Sulaiman ar-Rasuli married 17 times and had 19 children. Three of his children were also Islamic scholars: Baharuddin, Syahruddin, and Muhammad Noer.[26]

Literary works

[edit]

He wrote several books and articles regardingfiqh,ʿaqīdah,taṣawwuf,tafsīr,sīrah,and Minangkabauadat.[27][15]

  • Aqwāl al-‘Āliyah fī Ṭarīqah al-Naqshabandiyyah
  • Aqwāl al-Marḍiyyah
  • Aqwāl al-Wāsiṭah fī al-Dhikr wa al-Rābiṭah
  • Tablīgh al-Amānāt
  • Thamarah al-Iḥsān
  • Jawāhir al-Kalāmiyyah
  • Dawā’ al-Qulūb
  • Sabīl al-Salāmah
  • Qaul al-Bayān
  • Enam Risalah
  • Nasihat Maulana Syekh Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
  • Pedoman Islam
  • Pedoman Puasa
  • Asal Pangkat Penghulu dan Pendiriannya
  • Keadaan Minangkabau Dahulu dan Sekarang
  • Mari Bersatu dengan Adat dan Syarak
  • Pedoman Hidup di Alam Minangkabau
  • Pertalian Adat dan Syarak di Minangkabau
  • Sari Pati Sumpah Sati Bukit Marapalam

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Ilyas 1995,p. 4.
  2. ^Ilyas 1995,p. 5.
  3. ^Kosim 2015,p. 24.
  4. ^Kosim 2013,p. 21.
  5. ^Latief 1988,p. 326.
  6. ^abcKosim 2015,p. 25.
  7. ^Koto 2012,p. 30.
  8. ^Koto 2012,p. 31-32.
  9. ^Ilyas 1995,p. 9.
  10. ^Departemen Penerangan RI 1954,p. 431.
  11. ^Departemen Penerangan RI 1953,p. 554.
  12. ^"Sjech Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli - Perti (Pergerakan Tarbiyah Indonesia) - Member Profiles".Konstituante.Net.Retrieved2023-02-05.
  13. ^Chaniago 2010,p. 475.
  14. ^Latief 1988,p. 83.
  15. ^abcKosim 2015,p. 26.
  16. ^Hamka 1982,p. 102-104.
  17. ^ar-Rasuli 1920,p. 111-119.
  18. ^ar-Rasuli 1920,p. 120-126.
  19. ^ar-Rasuli 1933.
  20. ^https:// mticanduang.sch.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/KITAB-YANG-DIPELAJARI.pdf
  21. ^ar-Rasuli 1925.
  22. ^ar-Rasuli 1924.
  23. ^ar-Rasuli 1954.
  24. ^van Bruinessen 2007,p. 234.
  25. ^Asnan 2003,p. 308.
  26. ^Shofa, Ida Kurnia; Chairinisa, Putri Evta (2022)."POLYGAMY IN MINANGKABAU TAFSIR: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE THOUGHTS OF SULAIMAN AR-RASULI AND BUYA HAMKA".Kontemplasi: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin.10(2): 349–368.doi:10.21274/kontem.v10i2.7249(inactive 2024-06-12).ISSN2580-6866.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (link)
  27. ^Departemen Agama RI 2008,p. 122.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Asnan, Gusti (2003).Kamus Sejarah Minangkabau(in Indonesian). Padang: Pusat Pengka gian Islam dan Minangkabau.ISBN9799740703.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Chaniago, Hasril (2010).101 Orang Minangkabau di Pentas Sejarah.Padang: Yayasan Cinta Budaya Indonesia.ISBN978-979-3478-19-7.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia (2008).Direktori Tokoh Ulama Indonesia(in Indonesian). Jakarta.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Hamka(1982).Ayahku(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Umminida.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Ilyas, Yusran (1995).Syekh H. Sulaiman ar-Rasuli: Profil Ulama Pejuang(in Indonesian). Padang: Sarana Grafika.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Kementerian Penerangan Republik Indonesia (1953).Republik Indonesia: Propinsi Sumatera Tengah(in Indonesian). Jakarta.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Kementerian Penerangan Republik Indonesia (1954).Kepartaian dan Parlementaria Indonesia(in Indonesian). Jakarta.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Kosim, Muhammad (2013)."Tradisi Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah di Sumatera Barat".At-Tarbiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam UIN Imam Bonjol(in Indonesian).4(1): 21–45.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Kosim, Muhammad (2015). "Syekh Sulaiman al-Rasuli, Tokoh Pendidikan Islam Bercorak Kultural".Turāst: Jurnal Penelitian & Pengabdian UIN Imam Bonjol(in Indonesian).3(1): 23–41.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Koto, Alaidin (2012).Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah: Sejarah, Paham Keagamaan, dan Pemikiran Politik 1945-1970(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.ISBN978-602-425-230-4.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Latief, Mohammad Sanusi (1988).Gerakan Kaum Tua di Minangkabau(in Indonesian). Jakarta:IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Lembaga Pemilihan Umum (1972).Riwayat Hidup Anggota-Anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Hasil Pemilihan Umum 1971(in Indonesian). Jakarta.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • ar-Rasuli, Sulaiman (1920).Enam Risalah(in Indonesian). Fort de Kock: Drukkerij Agam.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • ar-Rasuli, Sulaiman (1924).Dawā' al-Qulūb fī Qiṣṣah Yūsuf wa Ya'qūb(in Arabic). Fort de Kock: Maṭba‘ah Islāmiyyah.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • ar-Rasuli, Sulaiman (1925).Aqwāl al-Wāsiṭah fī aż-Żikr wa ar-Rābiṭah(in Arabic). Fort de Kock: Maṭba‘ah Islāmiyyah.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • ar-Rasuli, Sulaiman (1927).al-Jawāhir al-Kalāmiyah fī Bayān 'Aqā'id al-Īmāniyah(in Arabic). Fort de Kock: Maṭba‘ah Islāmiyyah.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • ar-Rasuli, Sulaiman (1933).al-Aqwāl al-Marḍiyyah(in Arabic). Fort de Kock: Maṭba‘ah Islāmiyyah.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • ar-Rasuli, Sulaiman (1954).Tablīgh al-Amānāt fī Izalah al-Munkarāt wa asy-Syubuhāt.Bukittinggi: Nusantara.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Rusli, Baharuddin (1978).Ayah Kita(in Indonesian). Bukittinggi.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • van Bruinessen, Martin(2007). "After the Days of Abu Qubays: Indonesian Transformations of the Naqshbandiyya-Khalidiyya".Journal of the History of Sufism.5:225–251.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sulaiman_ar-Rasuli&oldid=1228667312"