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Suliformes

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Suliformes
Temporal range:Eocene- present50–0Ma
Northern gannet(Morus bassanus)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Aequornithes
Order: Suliformes
Sharpe,1891
Type species
Sula leucogaster
Families

The orderSuliformes(/ˈsjuːlɪfɔːrmiːz/,dubbed "Phalacrocoraciformes"byChristidis & Boles 2008) is an order recognised by theInternational Ornithologist's Union.[1]Regarding the recent evidence that the traditionalPelecaniformesispolyphyletic,[2]it has been suggested that the group be divided to reflect the true evolutionary relationships; a 2017 study indicated that they are most closely related toOtidiformes(bustards) andCiconiiformes(storks).

Systematics and evolution

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Of the families in Pelecaniformes, onlyPelecanidae,Balaenicipitidae,andScopidaeremain. The tropicbird familyPhaethontidaehas since been moved to their orderPhaethontiformes.Genetic analysis seems to show that the Pelecaniformes are actually closely related to theArdeidaeandThreskiornithidae.As for the Suliformes, they are distantly related to the current Pelecaniformes.[3]According to Hackettet al.(2008),loons,penguins,storks,and as well as Suliformes and Pelecaniformes, all seem to have evolved from a common ancestor. The proposedwaterbirdsuperorder has been suggested.[4]

In their landmark 2008 workSystematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds,Australian ornithologists Les Christidis and Walter E. Boles coined the name Phalacrocoraciformes for the group due to the much greater number of species of cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) over boobies and gannets (Sulidae).[5]However, this has not been taken up elsewhere.

In 1994, American ornithologist Walter J. Bock wrote that the name Suloidea had been used consistently as a term for a superfamily containing the two families, so therefore "Sulidae" and not "Phalacrocoracidae" should take priority in any arrangement containing the two genera.[6]

In 2010, the AOU adopted the term Suliformes for the taxon.[7]The IOC followed in 2011.[8]

In 1994, Martyn Kennedy and colleagues constructed a behavioural data set, with the resulting tree showing a high level of congruence with existing phylogenies based on genetics or morphology. It showed the darters as sister group to the cormorants and shags, with the gannets and boobies, then pelicans, then frigatebirds and lastly tropicbirds as progressively earlier offshoots.[9]

Suliformes

Cladogrambased on Gibb, G.C.et al.(2013)[10]

Species

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Bones of the left foot ofFregata aquilashowingpectinateedge to mid claw,[11]a characteristic of the Suliformes.[12]
Little cormorantMicrocarbo niger

References

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  1. ^"Archived copy".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-03-01.Retrieved2012-03-01.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^Mayr, Gerald (2003). "The phylogenetic affinities of the Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex) ".Journal für Ornithologie.144(2): 157–175.Bibcode:2003JOrni.144..157M.doi:10.1007/BF02465644.S2CID36046887.
  3. ^Jarvis, Erich D.; et al. (12 December 2014)."Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds".Science.346(6215): 1320–1331.Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J.doi:10.1126/science.1253451.hdl:10072/67425.PMC4405904.PMID25504713.
  4. ^Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki (27 June 2008)."A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History".Science.320(5884): 1763–1768.Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H.doi:10.1126/science.1157704.PMID18583609.S2CID6472805.
  5. ^Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E. (2008).Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds.Canberra: CSIRO Publishing. p. 50.ISBN978-0-643-06511-6.
  6. ^Bock, Walter J. (1994). "History and nomenclature of avian family-group names".Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.222:1–281 [166–67].IfSulaandPhalacrocoraxare included in the same family-level taxon (e.g. superfamily), then Sulidae Reichenbach, 1849 (1836) (SulaBrisson, 1760) has priority in preference to Phalacrocoracidae Reichenbach, 1849-50 (1836) (PhalacrocoraxBrisson, 1760), because the name Suloidea has been consistently used in avian classification as a superfamily name. Phalacrocoracidae Reichenbach, 1849-50 (1836) can still be used for any taxon containingPhalacrocoraxbut notSula.
  7. ^R. Terry Chesser, Richard C. Banks, F. Keith Barker, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen Jr., James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz and Kevin Winker (July 2010)."Fifty-First Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds"(PDF).The Auk.127(3): 726–44.doi:10.1525/auk.2010.127.4.966.S2CID198156876.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^"Taxonomy Version 2".IOC World Bird List: Version 3.1.2011.Retrieved15 July2012.
  9. ^Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G.; Gray, Russell D. (1996). "Hop, step and gape: do the social displays of the Pelecaniformes reflect phylogeny?".Animal Behaviour.51(2): 273–291.doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0028.S2CID53202305.
  10. ^Gibb, Gillian C.; Kennedy, Martyn; Penny, David (2013). "Beyond phylogeny: Pelecaniform and ciconiiform birds, and long-term niche stability".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.68(2): 229–238.Bibcode:2013MolPE..68..229G.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.021.PMID23562800.
  11. ^Shufeldt, Robert Wilson(1903)."The osteology of the Steganopodes".Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum.1(3): 109–223.doi:10.5962/p.234820.S2CID247004114.
  12. ^Mayr, Gerald (2008)."Avian higher-level phylogeny: well-supported clades and what we can learn from a phylogenetic analysis of 2954 morphological characters"(PDF).J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.46(1): 63–72.doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2007.00433.x.
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