Sultan Bathery
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Sultan Bathery | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
 | |
  Sultan Bathery Location in Kerala, India  Sultan Bathery Sultan Bathery (India) | |
| Coordinates:11°40′N76°17′E/ 11.67°N 76.28°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Wayanad |
| Named for | artillery battery of Tipu Sultan |
| Government | |
| • Municipal Chairperson | T K Ramesh |
| Area | |
| • Total | 102.24 km2(39.48 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 901 m (2,956 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 45,417 |
| • Density | 440/km2(1,200/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam,English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30(IST) |
| PIN | 673592 |
| Area code | 91 4936 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KL |
| Vehicle registration | KL-73 |
| Sex ratio | 1,029 male/female |
| Literacy | 89.36% |
| [citation needed] | |
Sultan Batheryis a town and municipality in theWayanad districtofKerala,India, near its borders withTamil NaduandKarnataka.Once known as a strategic location in the Malabar region, Sultan Bathery is the headquarters of the Sultan Batherytaluk.[1]
It is credited with being Kerala's cleanest town,[citation needed]and is known for its tourism and commercial activities.[citation needed]
Etymology
[edit]The modern town was part ofKidanganadvillage, so-called because of the presence of the Kidangan tribe.[2]During the invasion ofMalabarbyMysorerulerTipu Sultan,the town was used by the Mysore army as the storeroom or battery for its ammunition and used a 13th century Ganapathi Temple located here as abattery.[3][4]Thus the town known as "Sultan's Battery" in British records later got to be called as "Sultan Bathery".
History
[edit]
The recorded history of Sultan Bathery, commensurate with that of Wayanad, begins in the 10th century. In 930 AD, Emperor Erayappa of theGanga dynastyled his troops to what would later become the district in the south-west of Mysore and, after conquering it, called it Bayalnad, meaning the land of swamps.[citation needed]After Erayappa died, his sons Rachamalla and Battunga fought each other for the new kingdom of their father's legacy. Rachamalla was killed and Battunga became the undisputed ruler of Bayalnad.[citation needed]
In the 12th century AD, the Gangas were dethroned by theKadamba dynastyof North Canara.[5]In 1104 AD, Vishnuvardhana ofHoysalainvaded Bayalnad followed by theVijayanagara dynastyin the 16th century. In 1610 AD, Udaiyar Raja Wadiyar of Mysore drove out Vijayanagara and became the ruler of Bayalnad and theNilgiris.When Wayanad was underHyder Ali's rule, theghat roadfromVythirito Thamarassery was constructed.[6]Later, the British rulers developed this route into Carter Road.[7]
British rule began at the start of the 19th Century after theEast India Companyseized Wayanad from the hands ofPazhassi Rajaand administered the district until it was superseded by theBritish Rajin 1858. Until 1947, Wayanad was under the rule of the Malabar collector. History has it that Wayanad has a rich folk culture that gave way to the British domination of Wayanad. The British named the village Sultan's Battery, which in later history means the Sultan's Armory.[citation needed]
The Edakkal Caves have evidence of the existence of a Neolithic civilisation in Wayanad. According to H. S. Graeme, the Thalassery Sub-Collector T. H. Balan was the first to start a revenue settlement in Wayanad.[citation needed]For administrative convenience, the area was divided into Munnadu, Muthoornadu, Ilangkornadu, Nallurnadu, Edanashankur, Poronnur, Kurumbala, Wayanad, Nambikkoli and Ganapathivattam (Ganapati). The importance and relevance of Ganapati has been mentioned often in the reports. History records that Sultan Bathery later became the place of Ganapati on the roadside during the battle of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan.[citation needed]
Ganapati grew as the medieval cities flourished, the four-way street, the main highway, and the center of worship. In 1934, the Kidanganad Panchayat was established. From the administration of the Malabar District Board, Ganapati became the administrative centre of the Kidanganad panchayat. The Niluppuzha Panchayat was formed in 1968 by the division of Kidanganad Panchayat, Nenmeni Panchayat in 1974 and Sultanbathery Panchayat in 1968.[citation needed]
New places of worship and educational institutions have emerged in different parts of the panchayat with the support of Hindu, Muslim and Christian communities. The Ganapati Temple, the Jain Temple and the Malankara Mosque are examples of the ancient history of Sultan Bathery.[citation needed]There is evidence that Sultan Bathery and other parts of Wayanad had been in contact through Tamil, Karnataka and Kodagu villages since medieval times.[citation needed]
Geography
[edit]Location
[edit]Sultan Bathery is located at11°40′N76°17′E/ 11.67°N 76.28°E,[8]on theKozhikode–KollegalNational Highway (NH 766) 97 kilometers from Kozhikode. It is 114 km fromMysore[9]and about 100 km fromOoty(Udagamandalam). It is also connected withNilambur.It has an average elevation of 907 m (2,976 ft).[citation needed]
Climate
[edit]Sultan Bathery has a humid climate. The mean average rainfall in this area is 2,322 mm.Lakkidi,Vythiri andMeppadiare the high rainfall areas inWayanad.The annual rainfall in these areas ranges from 3,000 to 4,000 mm. High-velocity winds are common during thesouthwest monsoonseason and dry winds blow in March and April. High altitude regions experience severe cold. In Wayanad (Ambalavayal) the mean maximum and minimum temperature for the last five years[when?]were 29 °C and 18 °C respectively. This place experiences high relative humidity, which can rise to 95 per cent during the southwest monsoon period. Generally the year is classified into four seasons, namely, the cold weather (December–February), hot weather (March–May), southwest monsoon (June–September), andnortheast monsoon(October–November) seasons.
| Climate data for Sultan Bathery, Kerala | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.8 (80.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 3 (0.1) |
8 (0.3) |
14 (0.6) |
89 (3.5) |
171 (6.7) |
451 (17.8) |
903 (35.6) |
497 (19.6) |
225 (8.9) |
220 (8.7) |
79 (3.1) |
21 (0.8) |
2,681 (105.7) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[10] | |||||||||||||
Religion and worship
[edit]In ancient times, the region was home to the native tribes of Chettiars, Paniyar, Kurumar and Urali Nayakkar. Although there are many ethnic groups among the people, their main occupation is agriculture. The panchayath has 26 temples, 15 churches and 15 mosques. Sultan Bathery has a Jain temple that is about 2,000 years old. The center, which is in the possession of the Department of Archeology, has no festivals other than temple rituals. The festival at Sultan Bathery Mariamman Kovil is one of the festivals celebrated here. It is considered to be the national festival of Bathery. Similar festivals are celebrated in the Bathery Mahaganapathi Temple, Kuppadi Devi Temple and Karivallikkunnu Temple.[11]
Notable landmarks
[edit]
- Saint Mary Orthodox Cathedral and Pilgrim Centre is the oldest church in Sultan Bathery, established in 1944. The church has the holy relics of three saints and is the headquarters ofSultan Bathery Dioceseof theMalankara Orthodox Syrian Churchthe administrative head of the 48 orthodox parishes in the area.[12]There is also the Nirmalagiri Aramana where the diocesan metropolitan resides in Poomala.[13]
- Edakkal cavesare located 10 km from Sultan Bathery and are noted for anthropological research. The caves are two natural rock formations believed to have been formed by a large split in a huge rock.[citation needed]
- Sultan Bathery Jain Templeis one of the prominent Jain temples in Kerala, believed to have been built in the 13th century. This Mahavir stone temple at Kidanganad in Sultan Bathery is also known as Digambara Jain Temple and Kidanganad Basti. The temple architecture, inscriptions and drawings on the pillars and walls are strongly influenced by the architectural style of the Vijayanagara dynasty. An inscription on one of the pillars depicts Dharnendra Bandanam, in the form of a coiled snake.[citation needed]
- Krishnagiri Stadiumis a cricket stadium located in Krishnagiri village in Wayanad. It holds up to 20,000 people and at 2,100 feet above sea level is the highest-altitude stadium used exclusively for cricket.[14]
- Thovarimala Ezhuthupara
- Wayanad Heritage Museum,Ambalavayal
- Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuaryhouses a wide range of mammals, birds and other fauna. The mammals include elephants, tigers, panthers, jungle cats, civet cats, monkeys, wild dogs, bison, deer, and bears. More than 200 species of birds, including peacocks, babblers, cuckoos, owls, woodpeckers and jungle fowl, and 45 species of reptiles like monitor lizard and a variety of snakes and tortoises reside there.[citation needed]
Education
[edit]There are many government and private schools offering education. Compared to other districts of Kerala, institutions offering higher education are limited inWayanad.[15]One of the oldest colleges inWayanadisSt Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery,established in 1965.[16]This arts and science college is affiliated with theUniversity of Calicut.
Transport
[edit]
Sultan Bathery has very good road connectivity withsouth Indianstates. The major road is NH 766 which connects toMysore,BangaloreandKozhikode,twostate highwaysconnected toOotyandCoimbatoreand a state highway connected toMangalore,Kannur,ThalasseryandKasaragod.Sultan Bathery is the biggest transport hub of Wayanad district. It is located near the border with the Karnataka state.[citation needed]
There is a major Kerala Transport Depot in Sultan Bathery. Most of the long-distance buses to Kozhikode, Ooty and Bangalore start from this depot. The town also has two smaller bus stations for local travellers. The Periya ghat road connects Mananthavady to Kannur and Thalassery. The Thamarassery mountain road connects Calicut withKalpetta.The Kuttiady mountain road connects Vatakara with Kalpetta and Mananthavady. The Palchuram mountain road connects Kannur and Iritty with Mananthavady. The road from Nilambur to Ooty is also connected to Wayanad through the village of Meppadi.[17]
The nearest railway stations are atMysoreandCalicut.The nearest airports are atMysore,CalicutandKannur.[citation needed]
Politics
[edit]The Sultan Bathery assembly constituency is part of theWayanad Lok Sabha constituency.Its member of parliament isRahul Gandhiof theIndian National Congress(INC) party,[18]and theMLAisI. C. Balakrishnan(INC).
TheSultan Bathery Municipalityhas been governed by theLeft Democratic Front(LDF) since 2015.
- Chairperson: TK Ramesh (Communist Party of India (Marxist)(CPI(M))
- Vice Chairperson: Elsy Paulose (CPI(M))
Since its establishment in 1962, the Bathery panchayat (council) has mainly been held by the INC-ledUnited Democratic Front(UDF). P. C. Ahmed Haji of theIndian Union Muslim Leaguewas the first president and held office for three decades. The LDF was in power for only eight months in 2005 with the help of theDemocratic Indira Congress (Kerala)party. The president was CK Sahadevan who later became the first chairman when it was converted to amunicipalityin 2015.[citation needed]
Municipality Chairperson
[edit]Source:[citation needed]
| No: | Name | Party | Year | Division | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C. K. Sahadevan | CPI(M) | 18 November 2015–03/04/2018 | 1st | Beenachi |
| 2 | T. L. Sabu | Kerala Congress (M) | 26 April 2018–11 November 2020 | Kattayad | |
| 3 | T. K. Ramesh | CPI(M) | 28 December 2020–incumbent | 2nd | Dottappankulam |
Members of Legislative Assembly
[edit]Source:[19]
| Election | Niyama Sabha | Member | Party | Tenure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | 5th | K. Raghavan Master | INC | 1977–1980 | |
| 1980 | 6th | K. K. Ramachandran Master | 1980–1982 | ||
| 1982 | 7th | 1982–1987 | |||
| 1987 | 8th | 1987–1991 | |||
| 1991 | 9th | K. C. Rosakutty | 1991–1996 | ||
| 1996 | 10th | P. V. Varghese Vaidyar | CPI(M) | 1996–2001 | |
| 2001 | 11th | N. D. Appachan | INC | 2001–2006 | |
| 2006 | 12th | P. Krishna Prasad | CPI(M) | 2006–2011 | |
| 2011 | 13th | I. C. Balakrishnan | INC | 2011–2016 | |
| 2016 | 14th | 2016–2021 | |||
| 2021 | 15th | 2021–2026 | |||
Municipality Vice Chairperson
[edit]Source:[citation needed]
| No: | Name | Party | Year | Division | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jisha Shaji | CPI(M) | 18/11/2015–11 November 2020 | 1st | Kuppady |
| 2 | Elsy Paulose | CPI(M) | 28/12/2020–incumbent | 2nd | Sultan Bathery |
Grama Panchayat President
[edit]Source:[citation needed]
| No: | Name | Party | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | |
| 2 | Special Officer | – | 1979–1980 |
| 3 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | 1980–1985 |
| 4 | Special Officer | – | 1985-1988 |
| 5 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | 1988-1995 |
| 6 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | 1995-1998 |
| 7 | N. M. Vijayan | INC | 1998-2000 |
| 8 | Nafeeza Ahamad koya | IUML | 2000–2005 |
| 9 | C. K. Sahadevan | CPI(M) | 2005–2006 |
| 10 | Babu Pazhupathoor | INC | 2006-2006 |
| 11 | Radha Raveendran | INC | 2006–2009 |
| 12 | O. M. George | INC | 2009–2010 |
| 13 | P. P. Ayyoob | IUML | 2010–2012 |
| 14 | O. M. George | INC | 2012–2015 |
Municipality
[edit]Sultan Bathery Municipality | |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Leadership | |
T. K. Ramesh | |
Secretary | K. M. Sainudheen |
| Structure | |
 | |
Political groups | LDF(24)
UDF(11)
|
| Website | |
| sulthanbatherymunicipality | |
| Position | Name | Party | Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chairperson | T. K. Ramesh | CPI(M) | Dottappankulam |
| Deputy Chairperson | Elsy Paulose | CPI(M) | Sultan Bathery |
| Standing Committee | Chairperson | Party | Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| Finance | Elsy Paulose | CPI(M) | Sultan Bathery |
| Development | Lisha Teacher | CPI(M) | Kidangil |
| Welfare | C. K. Sahadevan | CPI(M) | Manthamkolly |
| Health | Shamila Junaise | Independent (LDF) | Manichira |
| Public Works | K Rasheed | CPI(M) | Kuppady |
| Education, Arts & Sports | Tom Jose | Kerala Congress (M) | Manthandikunnu |
| Division number | Division name | Member | Role | Party | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aram mile | Girija Chandran | Councillor | IUML | ST Woman |
| 2 | Chethalayam | A. R. Jayakrishnan | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 3 | Chenad | Nisha P. R. | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 4 | Vengur North | Bindhu Ravi | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 5 | Odappallam | Priya Vinod | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 6 | Vengur South | Sheeba Chacko | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 7 | Pazhery | Radakrishnan | Councillor | CPI(M) | ST |
| 8 | Karuvallikunnu | Valsa Jose | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 9 | Armad | Samshad P | Councillor | Independent (UDF) | General |
| 10 | Kottakunnu | P. K. Sumathi | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 11 | Kidangil | Lisha Teacher | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 12 | Kuppady | K Rasheed | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 13 | Thirunelly | Saly Paulose | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 14 | Manthandikunnu | Tom Jose | Councillor | Kerala Congress (M) | General |
| 15 | Sathramkunnu | Prajitha Ravi | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 16 | Cheroorkunnu | Radha Raveendran | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 17 | Palakkara | Pramod K. S. | Councillor | CPI(M) | SC |
| 18 | Thelambatta | Hema C | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 19 | Thoduvatty | Asees Madala | Councillor | INC | General |
| 20 | Kaipanchery | Jamsheer Ali | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 21 | Maithanikunnu | Babu M. C. | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 22 | Fairland | Shameer Madathil | Councillor | Independent (LDF) | General |
| 23 | Kattayad | Nisha Sabu | Councillor | Independent | Woman |
| 24 | Sultan Bathery | Elsy Paulose | Deputy Chairperson | CPI(M) | General |
| 25 | Pallikandi | Harif A. C. | Councillor | IUML | General |
| 26 | Manichira | Shamila Junaise | Councillor | Independent (LDF) | Woman |
| 27 | Kalluvayal | Salim Madathil | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 28 | Poomala | Bindhu Saji | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 29 | Dottappankulam | T. K. Ramesh | Chairperson | CPI(M) | ST |
| 30 | Beenachi | Bindhu Pramod | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 31 | Poothikadu | K. C. Yohannan | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 32 | Cheenapullu | Radha Babu | Councillor | IUML | ST Woman |
| 33 | Manthamkolly | C. K. Sahadevan | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 34 | Pazhupathur | Mercy Teacher | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 35 | Kaivattamoola | Shoukath Kallikudan | Councillor | Independent (UDF) | General |
Notable residents
[edit]- Basil Joseph,director in the Malayalam film industry[21]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Maha Ganapathi Temple – Sulthan Bathery – Travel Info".
- ^"Archaeological Survey of India".asi.nic.in.
- ^Nair, Susheela (28 August 2023)."Sulthan Bathery: The journey from an ammunition depot to Kerala's cleanest town".The News Minute.Retrieved21 September2023.
- ^"History of Sulthan Bathery, which Kerala BJP chief wants renamed as Ganapathyvattam".11 April 2024.
- ^Moraes, George M. (1931).The Kadamba Kula.Bombay: B. X. Furtado & Sons.
- ^Madras District Gazetteers – the Nilgirisby W. Francic, pages 90–104. Madras, 1908.
- ^Report of the Administration of Mysore, 1863–64. British Parliament Library.
- ^"Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sultans Battery, India".fallingrain.
- ^"Mysore to Sulthan Bathery".mysore.ind.in.Retrieved13 January2013.
- ^"Sulthan Bathery climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Sulthan Bathery weather averages - Climate-Data.org".en.climate-data.org.
- ^"ചരിത്രം | Sulthanbatherymunicipality.gov.in".sulthanbatherymunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in.
- ^"Sultan Bathery Diocese".moscbatherydiocese.Retrieved17 June2024.
- ^"Diocese of Sultan Bathery".MOSC.in.MOSC Publications.Retrieved17 June2024.
- ^"Krishnagiri Stadium in Wayanad | Districts of Malabar".keralatourism.org.Retrieved7 November2023.
- ^"Short history of Wayanad"(PDF).Retrieved18 July2012.
- ^"St Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery official website".Retrieved18 July2012.
- ^"Road from Meppadi to Nilambur-Ooty Highway".Google Maps.11 April 2024.
- ^"Assembly Constituencies – Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies"(PDF).Kerala.Election Commission of India. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 4 March 2009.Retrieved19 October2008.
- ^"Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Sulthan Bathery".Maps of India.
- ^"Local Self Government Department | Local Self Government Department".lsgkerala.gov.in.
- ^S, Harikumar J. (10 October 2018)."Basil Joseph on his side-splitting act and Thiruvananthapuram dialect in 'Padayottam'".The Hindu.ISSN0971-751X.Retrieved6 May2022.
External links
[edit]
Media related toSultan Batheryat Wikimedia Commons
Sultan Batherytravel guide from Wikivoyage- Official website of the Wayanad district
