Summit (meeting)
Appearance
(Redirected fromSummit meeting)
Asummit meeting(or justsummit) is an international meeting ofheads of stateorgovernment,usually with considerable media exposure, tight security, and a prearrangedagenda.Notable summit meetings include those ofFranklin D. Roosevelt,Winston Churchill,andJoseph StalinduringWorld War II.However, the term summit was not commonly used for such meetings until theGeneva Summit (1955).[1]During theCold War,whenAmericanpresidentsjoined withSovietorChinesecounterparts for one-on-one meetings, the media labelled the event as a "summit". Thepost–Cold War erahas produced an increase in the number of "summit" events. Nowadays, international summits are the most common expression forglobal governance.[2]
Notable summits
[edit]- U.S.–British Staff Conference (ABC–1)(January 29 – March 27, 1941)
- Atlantic Conference(August 9–12, 1941)
- Moscow Conference(September 29 – October 1, 1941)
- Arcadia Conference(December 22, 1941 – January 14, 1942)
- Second Washington Conference (June 20–25, 1942)
- Second Moscow Conference(August 12–19, 1942)
- CherchellConference (October 21–22, 1942)
- Casablanca Conference(January 14–24, 1943)
- Bermuda Conference(April 19, 1943)
- Third Washington Conference (May 12–27, 1943)
- Quebec Conference(August 17–24, 1943)
- Third Moscow Conference(October 18 – November 1, 1943)
- Cairo Conference(November 22–26, 1943)
- Tehran Conference(November 28 – December 1, 1943)
- Second Cairo Conference(December 4–6, 1943)
- Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference(May 1–16, 1944)
- United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference(Bretton Woods) (July 1–15, 1944)
- Dumbarton Oaks Conference(August 21–29, 1944)
- Second Quebec Conference(September 12–16, 1944)
- Fourth Moscow Conference(October 9, 1944)
- Malta Conference(January 30 – February 2, 1945)
- Yalta Conference(February 4–11, 1945)
- United Nations Conference on International Organization(April 25 – June 26, 1945)
- Potsdam Conference(July 17 – August 2, 1945)
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- 1992 –Earth Summit,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 2002 –Earth Summit,Johannesburg, South Africa,
- 2012 –Earth Summit,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
G–summits
[edit]- 1975 –1st G6 summit,Château de Rambouillet
- Group of Seven (G7),heads of government
- 1976 –2nd G7 summit,San Juan
- 1977 –3rd G7 summit,London
- 1978 –4th G7 summit,Bonn
- 1979 –5th G7 summit,Tokyo
- 1980 –6th G7 summit,Venice
- 1981 –7th G7 summit,Montebello
- 1982 –8th G7 summit,Versailles
- 1983 –9th G7 summit,Williamsburg
- 1984 –10th G7 summit,London
- 1985 –11th G7 summit,Bonn
- 1986 –12th G7 summit,Tokyo
- 1987 –13th G7 summit,Venice
- 1988 –14th G7 summit,Toronto
- 1989 –15th G7 summit,Grande Arche
- 1990 –16th G7 summit,Houston
- 1991 –17th G7 summit,London
- 1992 –18th G7 summit,Munich
- 1993 –19th G7 summit,Tokyo
- 1994 –20th G7 summit,Naples
- 1995 –21st G7 summit,Halifax
- 1996 –22nd G7 summit,Lyon
- Group of Eight (G8),heads of government
- 1997 –23rd G8 summit,Denver
- 1998 –24th G8 summit,Birmingham
- 1999 –25th G8 summit,Cologne
- 2000 –26th G8 summit,Okinawa
- 2001 –27th G8 summit,Genoa
- 2002 –28th G8 summit,Kananaskis
- 2003 –29th G8 summit,Évian-les-Bains
- 2004 –30th G8 summit,Sea Island
- 2005 –31st G8 summit,Gleneagles
- 2006 –32nd G8 summit,Saint Petersburg
- 2007 –33rd G8 summit,Heiligendamm
- 2008 –34th G8 summit,Tōyako
- 2009 –35th G8 summit,L'Aquila, Abruzzo
- 2010 –36th G8 summit,Huntsville
- 2011 –37th G8 summit,Deauville
- 2012 –38th G8 summit,Camp David, Maryland
- 2013 –39th G8 summit,Lough Erne in County Fermanagh
- Group of Seven (G7),heads of government
- 2014 –40th G7 summit,Brussels
- 2015 –41st G7 summit,Schloss Elmau, Bavaria
- 2016 –42nd G7 summit,Shima, Mie Prefecture
- 2017 –43rd G7 summit,Taormina, Sicily
- 2018 –44th G7 summit,La Malbaie, Quebec
- 2019 –45th G7 summit,Biarritz, Nouvelle-Aquitaine
- 2021 –47th G7 summit,Cornwall, South West England
- 2022 –48th G7 summit,Schloss Elmau, Bavaria
- 2023 –49th G7 summit,Hiroshima
- 2024 –50th G7 summit,Fasano, Apulia
- Group of Twenty,heads of government
- 2008 G-20 Washington summit
- 2009 G-20 London summit
- 2009 G-20 Pittsburgh summit
- 2010 G-20 Toronto summit
- 2010 G-20 Seoul summit
- 2011 G-20 Cannes summit
- 2012 G-20 Los Cabos Summit
- 2013 G-20 Saint Petersburg summit
- 2014 G-20 Brisbane summit
- 2015 G-20 Antalya summit
- 2016 G-20 Hangzhou summit
- 2017 G-20 Hamburg summit
- 2018 G-20 Buenos Aires summit
- 2019 G-20 Osaka summit
- 2020 G-20 Riyadh summit
- 2021 G-20 Rome summit
- 2022 G-20 Bali summit
- 2023 G-20 New Delhi summit
- 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit
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- Geneva Summit, July 18–23, 1955
- Washington and Camp David Summit, September 15, 26–27, 1959
- Paris Summit, May 16–17, 1960
- Vienna Summit,June 3–4, 1961
- Glassboro Summit Conference,June 23 and 25, 1967
- Moscow Summit(SALT I), May 22–30, 1972
- Washington Summit,June 18–25, 1973
- Moscow summit, June 28 – July 3, 1974
- Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control,November 23–24, 1974
- Helsinki summit, July 30 and August 2, 1975
- Vienna summit (SALT II), June 15–18, 1979
- Geneva Summit,November 19–21, 1985
- Reykjavík Summit,October 10–12, 1986
- Washington Summit,December 7–10, 1987
- Moscow Summit,May 29 – June 1, 1988
- New York Summit, December 7, 1988
- Malta Summit,December 2–3, 1989
- Washington D.C., May 30 – June 3, 1990
- Helsinki Summit,September 9, 1990
- Paris Summit, November 19, 1990
- London Summit, July 17, 1991
- Moscow Summit (START I), July 30–31, 1991
- Madrid Summit, October 29–30, 1991
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Miscellaneous
[edit]- 1520 –Field of the Cloth of Gold
- 1955 –Geneva Summit
- 1967 –Glassboro Summit Conference
- 1985 –Shamrock Summit
- 1986 –Reykjavík Summit
- 1989 –Malta Summit
- 1990 –World Summit for Children
- 2001 –Agra summit
- 2001 –Taba summit
- 2000 –2000 Camp David Summit
- 2003–2005 –World Summit on the Information Society
- 2005 –Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005
- 2015 –Valletta Summit on Migration
- 2017 –2017 Riyadh summit
- 2018 –2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit
- 2019 –2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit
- 2023 –2023 France-China Summit
See also
[edit]- ASEAN summit
- BRICS summits
- Francophonie Summits
- NATO summit
- Non-Aligned Movement Summits
- SAARC Summits
References
[edit]- ^Grenville, John Ashley Soames (2001).Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts.Routledge.ISBN9780415141253.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-10-17.Retrieved2015-11-15.
- ^"Global Governance Breakthrough: The G20 Summit and the Future Agenda".2001-11-30.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-03-04.Retrieved2013-07-27.