Surya Sen
Master Da Surya Sen | |
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![]() Sen in 1924 | |
Born | |
Died | 12 January 1934 | (aged 39)
Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
Nationality | British Indian |
Organization(s) | Indian National Congress,Jugantar,Anushilan Samiti |
Known for | Chittagong armoury raid |
Political party | Indian National Congress |
Movement | Indian Independence movement |
Criminal penalty | Capital punishment |
Criminal status | Executed |
Spouse | Puspa Sen |
Signature | |
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Anushilan Samiti |
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Influence |
Anushilan Samiti |
Notable events |
Related topics |
Surya Sen,also known asSurya Kumar Sen(22 March 1894 – 12 January 1934), was anIndian revolutionary[1]who was influential in theindependence movementagainstBritish rule in Indiaand is best known for leading the 1930Chittagong armoury raid.
Sen was a schoolteacherby profession and was popularly known asMaster Da( "da" is anhonorificsuffix inBengali language). He was influenced by the nationalist ideals in 1916 while he was a student of B.A. in Berhampore College (NowMES College).[2]In 1918, he was selected as president of theIndian National Congress's Chittagong branch.[3]Sen was known for recruiting a group of young and passionate revolutionaries known as the Chittagong group. The group includedAnanta Singh,Ganesh GhoshandLokenath Bal,and fought against the British stationed inChittagong.[4]
He was an active participant in theNon-co-operation movementand was later arrested and imprisoned for 2 years from 1926 to 1928 for his revolutionary activities. A brilliant and inspirational organiser, Sen was fond of saying "Humanismis a special virtue of a revolutionary. "[4]
After the Chittagong raid in 1930 and a fierce battle where over 80British Indian Armysoldiers and 12revolutionarieswere killed, Sen and other surviving revolutionaries dispersed into small groups and hid in neighbouring villages, launching raids on government personnel and property. Sen was arrested on 16 February 1933, tried and was hanged on 12 January 1934.[5]Many of his fellow revolutionaries were also caught and sentenced to long periods of imprisonment.[6]
Early life[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Surya_Sen_wanted_22_June_1932.jpg/193px-Surya_Sen_wanted_22_June_1932.jpg)
Sen was born on 22 March 1894 in aBengaliBaidyafamily at Noapara, underRaozan UpazilainChittagong,Bengal Presidency,British India(now inBangladesh). His father Ramaniranjan Sen was a teacher. In 1916, when he was a B.A. student inBerhampore College(nowKrishnath College) ofMurshidabadhe learned about Indian freedom movement from one of his teachers Shatishchandra Chakrabarti. When Sen came to Chittagong in 1918, he started teaching at the local National School, becoming famous with the honorificMaster da.Later, he left his job and became the president of the Chittagong branch of the Indian National Congress.[7][8]
Sen actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement. He looted the treasury of Assam-Bengal Railway for cash money to fuel the movement, for which he was imprisoned with fellow revolutionary Ambika Chakrabarty for two years. Both were released towards the end of 1928 and resumed their activities.[9][10][11]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Masterda_Surya_Sen%27s_elder_brother_Chandra_kumar_Sen_and_his_wife%2C_Birajmohini_devi%2C_sister_in_law_of_Surya_Sen.jpg/220px-Masterda_Surya_Sen%27s_elder_brother_Chandra_kumar_Sen_and_his_wife%2C_Birajmohini_devi%2C_sister_in_law_of_Surya_Sen.jpg)
Chittagong armoury raid[edit]
Sen led a group of revolutionaries on 18 April 1930 to raid the armouries of police and auxiliary forces in Chittagong.[12]The plan was elaborate and included seizing of arms from the armoury as well as destruction of communication system of the city (including telephone, telegraph and railway), thereby isolating Chittagong from the rest ofBritish Raj.[12]However, although the group gained the arms, they failed to capture the ammunition. They hoisted theIndian National Flagon the premises of the armoury, and then escaped. A few days later, a large fraction of the revolutionary group was cornered on Jalalabad Hill by aBritish Indian Armydetachment. In the ensuing fight, twelverevolutionariesdied, many were arrested, while some managed to flee, including Sen.[6]
Arrest and death[edit]
Sen stayed in hiding, and kept moving from one place to another. Sometimes he took up a job as a workman, a farmer, a priest, a house worker or even hid as a pious Muslim. This is how he avoided being captured by the British.[13]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Surya_Sen_1978_stamp_of_India.jpg/220px-Surya_Sen_1978_stamp_of_India.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Masterda_Surya_Sen%27s_letter_to_his_elder_brother%2C_Chandra_kumar_Sen.jpg/220px-Masterda_Surya_Sen%27s_letter_to_his_elder_brother%2C_Chandra_kumar_Sen.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Surya_Sen%27s_letter_to_his_sister_in_law%2C_Birajmohini_devi.jpg/220px-Surya_Sen%27s_letter_to_his_sister_in_law%2C_Birajmohini_devi.jpg)
He hid in the house of a friend. His relative named Netra Sen lived not far away.[14]But Netra Sen informed the British of his hiding place, and the police came and captured him in February 1933.[14]Before Netra Sen could be rewarded by the British, a revolutionary named Kironmoy Sen came into his house and beheaded him withda(a long knife).[15][16]As Netra Sen's wife was a big supporter of Surya Sen, she never disclosed the name of the revolutionary who killed Netra Sen. Before his eventual hanging on 12 January 1934 with another revolutionary namedTarakeswar Dastidar,both Sen and Dastidar underwenttortureat the hands of thepolice.[15]
His last letter was written to his friends and said: "Death is knocking at my door. My mind is flying away towards eternity. At such a pleasant, at such a grave, at such a solemn moment, what shall I leave behind you? Only one thing, that is my dream, a golden dream – the dream of free India. Never forget the date, 18th of April, 1930, the day of the eastern Rebellion in Chittagong. Write in red letters in the core of your hearts the names of the patriots who have sacrificed their lives at the altar of India's freedom." [17]
In popular media[edit]
Indian film directorAshutosh Gowarikerdirected the filmKhelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey(2010) about Sen's life. ActorAbhishek Bachchanplayed the role of Sen.[18]Another filmChittagong(2012) directed byBedabrata Painwas about Sen's armoury raid.Manoj Bajpayeeplayed the leading role.[19]
Legacy[edit]
Surya Sen is considered one of the leading revolutionaries in British India, and is a highly respected figure in both Bangladesh and India. Residential halls have been named after him at both the University of Dhaka[20]and the University of Chittagong.[21]Kolkata has a metro railway station and a street named after him as well.[22]
See also[edit]
- Pritilata Waddedar,Bengali revolutionary nationalist
- Bhagat Singh,Indian communist and atheist revolutionary
- Udham Singh,Indian republican revolutionary
References[edit]
- ^Bowman, John S. (5 September 2000).Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture.Columbia University Press. p. 740.ISBN978-0-231-50004-3.
- ^Shah, Mohammad (2012)."Surya Sen, Mastarda".InIslam, Sirajul;Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh(Second ed.).Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^Chakrabarti, Bidyut (1990).Subhas Chandra Bose and Middle Class Radicalism: A Study in Indian Nationalism, 1928-1940.I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. p. 108.ISBN1850431493.
- ^abChandra, Bipan;Mukherjee, Mridula;Mukherjee, Aditya; Mahajan, Sucheta;Panikkar, K.N.(2016) [First published 1987].India's Struggle for Independence(Revised and updated ed.). Penguin Books. p. 251.ISBN978-0-14-010781-4.
- ^"Death Sentence On Terrorists".The Glasgow Herald.15 August 1933. p. 9.Retrieved7 January2022.
- ^abChandra, Bipan;Mukherjee, Mridula;Mukherjee, Aditya; Mahajan, Sucheta;Panikkar, K.N.(2016) [First published 1987].India's Struggle for Independence(Revised and updated ed.). Penguin Books. p. 252.ISBN978-0-14-010781-4.
- ^"মাস্টারদা সূর্য সেনের জন্ম".Archived fromthe originalon 23 March 2023.Retrieved16 June2023.
- ^Mahotsav, Amrit."Surya Sen".Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India.Archived fromthe originalon 24 May 2023.Retrieved16 June2023.
- ^Kumar, Vijay (2008).हर दिन पावन.लोकहित प्रकाशन.ISBN9788189606350.
- ^"Surya Sen".abhipedia.Retrieved16 June2021.
- ^Karan, Rewati (22 March 2022)."Surya Sen — Chittagong's 'Master da' who led the raid that broke the 'armed might' of British".ThePrint.Retrieved30 March2022.
- ^abChandra, Bipan;Mukherjee, Mridula;Mukherjee, Aditya; Mahajan, Sucheta;Panikkar, K.N.(2016) [First published 1987].India's Struggle for Independence(Revised and updated ed.). Penguin Books. pp. 251–252.ISBN978-0-14-010781-4.
- ^Pradhāna, Rāmacandra (2008).Raj to Swaraj: A Textbook on Colonialism and Nationalism in India.Macmillan India.ISBN978-0-230-63406-0.
- ^abSrinvantu magazine (Aurobindo Bhawan, 8, Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata - 700 071. ed. 8 March 2021. p. 36)
- ^ab"Chittagong British Armoury Raid 1930: Revolutionary, Surya Sen led the attack on April 18".India Today.19 April 2021.Retrieved30 March2022.
- ^বসু, ঋজু (15 August 2021)."75th Independence Day: ধর্মের ছোঁয়াচ ছাড়া বিয়ের স্বাধীনতা".Ananda Bazar.Retrieved29 March2022.
- ^Srinvantu magazine (Aurobindo Bhawan, 8, Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata - 700 071. ed. 8 March 2021. p. 37)
- ^"Ashutosh Gowariker's Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey to be released on December 3".Daily News & Analysis.22 April 2010.Retrieved11 October2011.
- ^"'Chittagong': Manoj Bajpayee took no money for the film ".The Times of India.28 September 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 3 January 2013.Retrieved28 September2012.
- ^"Home:: Dhaka University".
- ^"University of Chittagong".
- ^"Masterda Surya Sen Metro Station Kolkata".routemaps.info.Retrieved30 March2022.
External links[edit]
- Chittagong's Greatest Revolutionary Hero: Surjya SenArchived22 February 2012 at theWayback Machine
- Surya SeninBanglapedia
- 1894 births
- 1934 deaths
- Surya Sen
- 20th-century executions by the United Kingdom
- Indian independence activists from Bengal
- Executed Indian revolutionaries
- People executed by British India by hanging
- People from Chittagong
- Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
- University of Calcutta alumni
- Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal
- Indian independence armed struggle activists
- Krishnath College alumni