Susna
| Susna | |
|---|---|
| Affiliation | Asura |
| Texts | Vedas |
Susna(Sanskrit:शुष्ण,romanized:Śuṣṇa) is anasuradescribed inHindutexts. Normally associated with drought, Susna is often described as possessing a snake-like form with horns. He is an enemy of the deityIndra.[1]
Etymology[edit]
Susna means "drought" from the root Sus, which translates to "dry up".[2]The similar "sosna" is an old Slavic word for the pine tree.
Literature[edit]
InHinduism,Susna is an asura commonly associated with drought, famine, and hoarding.[2]An enemy of Indra, the asura makes multiple appearances across a number ofVedictexts. He is often associated withVritra,another asura which obstructs the rivers of the world.[3]
In theRigveda,Susna is described as being a "child of mists" similar to Vritra, a massive dragon who blocks the rivers of the world.[4]Like Vritra, Susna is seen as a causer of drought and as a foe of Indra. However, while Indra is able to kill Vritra with athunderbolt,Susna must be destroyed by returning water to the land. To defeat the asura, Indra destroys Susna's fortress, and, at the request of his followerKutsa,sends rains to end the drought, defeating the asura.[3]One passage from the text notes Indra "made flow the springs restrained by the season through killing Susna, the child of mists."[3]
In theBrahmanaandYajurvedatexts within theVedas,Susna is described as being a bitter enemy (dasa)[4]of the godIndra.Susna, who is described as a horned serpent-asura, aids theAsurasin their war against Indra and his fellowdevas.Whenever an asura is killed in battle, Susna uses his mystical breath (which contains the essence of theamrta,the elixir of immortality) to restore the fallen warrior to life. Indra discovers these resurrections and plots to steal the amrta for himself and his fellow devas. Thus, Indra turns himself into a globule of honey and allows the asura to consume him. Once inside of Susna's stomach, Indra turns into a falcon[5](or eagle),[6]snatches the amrta from the asura's mouth, and escapes to deliver the prize to the other devas.[5][6][7]
References[edit]
- ^Vinogradov, A. G.; Zharnikova, S. V.The mysteries of Aryan civilization.WP IPGEB. p. 66.
- ^abChakravarty, U. (1994). INDRA'S PROTÉGÉS IN THE ṚGVEDA.Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute,75(1/4), 51-64. Retrieved fromJSTOR41694405
- ^abcJournal of the American Oriental Society.American Oriental Society. 1917.
- ^ab"Demons in Vedic Literature | Mahavidya".mahavidya.ca.Retrieved2018-11-09.
- ^abHindu Myths: A Sourcebook.Penguin. 1975.ISBN9780140443066.
- ^abAbel, Ernest L. (2014-12-09).Intoxication in Mythology: A Worldwide Dictionary of Gods, Rites, Intoxicants and Places.McFarland.ISBN9781476606378.
- ^O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger (1982-11-15).Women, Androgynes, and Other Mythical Beasts.University of Chicago Press.ISBN9780226618500.