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Suzaku (satellite)

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Suzaku(ASTRO-EII)
A picture of a fully integrated Astro-E2 before vibration tests atISAS/JAXA.
NamesASTRO-EII
Mission typeAstronomy
OperatorJAXA/NASA
COSPAR ID2005-025AEdit this at Wikidata
SATCATno.28773
Websitewww.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/astro_e2
Mission duration2 years (planned)
10 years 1 month 23 days (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeASTRO
BusASTRO-E
ManufacturerToshiba[1]
Launch mass1,706 kg (3,761 lb)[2]
Dimensions2 metres x 5 metres
Power500watts
Start of mission
Launch date10 July 2005, 03:30:00UTC
RocketM-V# 6
Launch siteUchinoura Space Center,
Uchinoura, Kagoshima
End of mission
Deactivated2 September 2015
Decay dateNo earlier than 2020[3]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Perigee altitude550 km (340 mi)
Apogee altitude550 km (340 mi)
Inclination31°
Period96 minutes
Instruments
X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2)
X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
ASTRO-E
TheM-Vlaunch vehicle carrying ASTRO-E veering off course after launch on 10 February 2000.
Mission typeAstronomy
OperatorInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science(ISAS) /NASA
COSPAR ID2005-025AEdit this at Wikidata
SATCATno.28773Edit this on Wikidata
Mission durationFailed to orbit
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeASTRO
BusASTRO-E
ManufacturerToshiba
Launch mass1600 kg
Dimensions2 metres x 5 metres
Power500 watts
Start of mission
Launch date10 February 2000, 01:30:00UTC
RocketM-V# 4
Launch siteKagoshima Space Center
End of mission
Decay dateFailed to orbit
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit(planned)
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Perigee altitude550 km (340 mi)
Apogee altitude550 km (340 mi)
Inclination31.0°
Period96.0 minutes
Instruments
X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)
X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
X-ray Telescope (XRT)

Suzaku(formerlyASTRO-EII) was anX-ray astronomysatellite developed jointly by theInstitute of Space and Aeronautical ScienceatJAXAandNASA'sGoddard Space Flight Centerto probe high-energy X-ray sources, such assupernova explosions,black holesandgalactic clusters.It was launched on 10 July 2005 aboard theM-Vlaunch vehicle on the M-V-6 mission. After its successful launch, the satellite was renamedSuzakuafter the mythicalVermilion bird of the South.[4]

Just weeks after launch, on 29 July 2005, the first of a series of cooling system malfunctions occurred. These ultimately caused the entire reservoir ofliquid heliumto boil off into space by 8 August 2005. This effectively shut down theX-ray Spectrometer-2(XRS-2), which was the spacecraft's primary instrument. The two other instruments, the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) and the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD), were unaffected by the malfunction. As a result, another XRS was integrated into theHitomi X-ray satellite,launched in 2016, which also was lost weeks after launch. A Hitomi successor,XRISM,launched on 7 September 2023, with an X-ray Spectrometer (Resolve) onboard as the primary instrument.

On 26 August 2015, JAXA announced that communications withSuzakuhad been intermittent since 1 June 2015 and that the resumption of scientific operations would take a lot of work to accomplish, given the spacecraft's condition.[5]Mission operators decided to complete the mission imminently, asSuzakuhad exceeded its design lifespan by eight years at this point. The mission came to an end on 2 September 2015, when JAXA commanded the radio transmitters onSuzakuto switch themselves off.[3][6]

Spacecraft instruments[edit]

Suzakucarried high spectroscopic resolution, very wide energy band instruments for detecting signals ranging from soft X-rays up togamma-rays(0.3–600keV). High-resolution spectroscopy and wide-band are essential factors in physically investigating high-energy astronomical phenomena, such asblack holesandsupernovas.One such feature, theK-line (x-ray),may be key to more direct imaging of black holes.

  • X-ray Telescope (XRT)
  • X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2)
  • X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
  • Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
  • X-ray Telescope (XRT)
    X-ray Telescope (XRT)
  • Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
    Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
  • X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
    X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
  • X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)
    X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)

Results[edit]

Suzaku discovered "fossil" light from a supernova remnant.[8]

ASTRO-E[edit]

Suzakuwas a replacement forASTRO-E,which was lost in a launch failure. TheM-Vlaunch vehicleon the M-V-4 mission launched on 10 February 2000 at 01:30:00UTC.It experienced a failure of 1st stage engine nozzle 42 seconds into the launch, causing control system breakdown and underperformance.[9][10]Later stages could not compensate for underperformance, leaving payload in 250 miles (400 km) x 50 miles (80 km) orbit and subsequent reentry and crashed with its payload into theIndian Ocean.[11][12]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Encyclopedia Astronautica – Toshiba".astronautix.Archived fromthe originalon 29 November 2010.Retrieved9 September2015.
  2. ^Kazuhisa Mitsuda (25 January 2007)."The X-Ray Observatory Suzaku".Astronomical Society of Japan.59(SP1): S1–S7.arXiv:astro-ph/0608100.Bibcode:2007PASJ...59....1T.doi:10.1093/pasj/59.1.1.S2CID17354373.Retrieved4 October2010.
  3. ^abStephen Clark (4 September 2015)."Japanese X-ray observatory completes decade-long mission".Spaceflight Now.Retrieved9 September2015.
  4. ^すざく ( Chu Tước,Suzaku) mệnh danh の lý do2005 JAXA
  5. ^"X-ray Astronomy Satellite" Suzaku "Completes Scientific Mission".National Research and Development Agency (JAXA). 26 August 2015.Retrieved9 September2015.
  6. ^"Suzaku Mission Declared Complete".Goddard Space Flight Center.NASA. 28 August 2015.Retrieved4 September2015.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  7. ^abTadayuki Takahashi (25 January 2007)."Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on BoardSuzaku".Astronomical Society of Japan.59(SP1): S23–S33.doi:10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S23.Retrieved4 October2010.
  8. ^Suzaku Finds "Fossil" Fireballs from Supernovae 12.30.09Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  9. ^"History ｜ ISAS".History.Retrieved2 January2024.
  10. ^"1 How did M-V-4 fly?".isas.jaxa.jp.Retrieved2 January2024.
  11. ^Ray, Justin (10 February 2000)."Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | Astro-E believed lost following botched launch".spaceflightnow.Retrieved2 January2024.
  12. ^Kevin Boyce (2005)."ASTRO-E Launch".NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.Retrieved2 March2010.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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