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Svalbard and Jan Mayen

Coordinates:78°38′07″N21°59′38″E/ 78.6352°N 21.9939°E/78.6352; 21.9939
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This article is about the collective term "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" as defined by the ISO. For the two separate territories, seeSvalbardandJan Mayen.

Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Location of Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world
Location of Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world
Largest cityLongyearbyen
Area
• Total
61,399 km2(23,706 sq mi)
GDP(nominal)estimate
• Total
USD 277,347,541

Svalbard and Jan Mayen(Norwegian:Svalbard og Jan Mayen,ISO 3166-1 Alpha -2:SJ,ISO 3166-1 Alpha -3:SJM,ISO 3166-1 numeric:744) is a statistical designation defined byISO 3166-1for a collective grouping of two remote jurisdictions ofNorway:SvalbardandJan Mayen.While the two are combined for the purposes of theInternational Organization for Standardization(ISO) category, they are not administratively related. This has further resulted in thecountry code top-level domain.sjbeing issued for Svalbard and Jan Mayen, andISO 3166-2:SJ.TheUnited Nations Statistics Divisionalso uses this code, but has named it theSvalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.

Svalbard is anarchipelagoin theArctic Oceanunder thesovereigntyof Norway, but is subject to the special status granted by theSvalbard Treaty.Jan Mayen is a remote island in the Arctic Ocean; it has no permanent population and is administered by theCounty GovernorofNordland.Svalbard and Jan Mayen have in common that they are the only integrated parts of Norway not allocated tocounties.

While a separate ISO code for Svalbard was proposed by the United Nations, it was the Norwegian authorities who took initiative to include Jan Mayen in the code. Its official language isNorwegian.

Constituents[edit]

Svalbard[edit]

Main article:Svalbard
Both Svalbard and Jan Mayen consist almost entirely of Arctic wilderness, such as atBellsundin Svalbard.

Svalbard is an archipelago in theArcticabout midway between mainland Norway and theNorth Pole.The group of islands range from74°to81° northlatitude, and from10°to35° eastlongitude.[1][2]The area is 61,022 square kilometres (23,561 sq mi) and there were 2,572 residents in 2009.Spitsbergenis the largest island, followed byNordaustlandetandEdgeøya.[3]The administrative center isLongyearbyen,and other settlements, in addition to research outposts, are the Russian mining community ofBarentsburg,the research community ofNy-Ålesundand the mining outpost ofSveagruva.[4]

TheSvalbard Treatyof 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty,[5]and the 1925Svalbard Actmade Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. The archipelago is administered by theGovernor of Svalbard,which is subordinate to theNorwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security.[6][7]Unlike the rest of Norway (including Jan Mayen), Svalbard is afree economic zoneand ademilitarized zone,[5]and is not part of theSchengen Areanor theEuropean Economic Area.[8]

Jan Mayen[edit]

Main article:Jan Mayen

Jan Mayen is avolcanic islandin theArctic Oceanlocated at the border of theNorwegian Seaand theGreenland Sea.The single island covers an area of 377 square kilometres (146 sq mi) and is dominated by the 2,277-metre (7,470 ft) tallBeerenbergvolcano. The island's only population is a combined military and meteorological outpost that operated aLORAN-C transmitteratOlonkinbyen.[9]TheNorwegian Meteorological Instituteannexed the island for Norway in 1922. On 27 February 1930, the island was made de jure a part of the Kingdom of Norway. Since 1994, the island has been administered by theCounty GovernorofNordland,with some authority delegated to the station commander.[10]Before 1994, theGovernor of Svalbardadministered Jan Mayen.

Application[edit]

Map of Norway showing the location of Svalbard and Jan Mayen

The ISO designation is congruent with an equivalent United Nations Statistics Division category and users of these classification systems may in some cases report separately for "Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands" instead of rolling up this information into the "Norway" category.[11]Neither Svalbard nor Jan Mayen have their own flag orcoat of arms,and theflag of Norwayis used for both of them, both alone and as a group.[4][10]

An attempt to change the ISO code to just "Svalbard" has previously failed because of opposition from theNorwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.However, for statistics use within population and trade, "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" essentially means just "Svalbard".[12]

ISO 3166-2[edit]

Main article:ISO 3166-2:SJ

ISO 3166-2:SJ is the entry for Svalbard and Jan Mayen inISO 3166-2,a system for assigning codes to subnational administrative divisions. However, further subdivision for Svalbard and Jan Mayen occurs under Norway's entry,ISO 3166-2:NO:[13]

Thehierarchical administrative subdivision codesfor Svalbard is SJ.SV and for Jan Mayen is SJ.JM.[13]

Top-level domain[edit]

Main article:.sj

By virtue of theISO 3166-1 Alpha -2codeSJ,Svalbard and Jan Mayen were grouped together and allocated theInternetcountry codetop-level domain(ccTLD).sj.[14]Norid,who also administered the Norway's.noccTLD, was given the responsibility for the.sj andBouvet Island's.bvdomain in 1997. Policy prohibits any registration with either of the domains, as institutions connected to Svalbard can use the.nodomain. Norwegian authorities do not want to commercialize the domain resources, and therefore.sjwill not be sold to a third party.[15]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Svalbard".Norwegian Polar Institute.Archivedfrom the original on 24 July 2011.Retrieved4 March2012.
  2. ^"Svalbard Treaty".Wikisource.9 February 1920.Retrieved24 March2010.
  3. ^"Population in the settlements. Svalbard".Statistics Norway.22 October 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 28 July 2011.Retrieved4 March2012.
  4. ^ab"Svalbard".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency.Retrieved4 March2012.
  5. ^ab"Svalbard Treaty".Governor of Svalbard.Archivedfrom the original on 23 July 2011.Retrieved4 March2012.
  6. ^"5 The administration of Svalbard".Report No. 9 to the Storting (1999-2000): Svalbard.Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security.29 October 1999.Archivedfrom the original on 19 February 2010.Retrieved4 March2012.
  7. ^"Lov om Svalbard"(in Norwegian).Lovdata.19 June 2009.Retrieved24 March2010.
  8. ^"Lov om gjennomføring i norsk rett av hoveddelen i avtale om Det europeiske økonomiske samarbeidsområde (EØS) m.v. (EØS-loven)"(in Norwegian).Lovdata.10 August 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 10 December 2000.Retrieved4 March2012.
  9. ^"Jan Mayen information".
  10. ^ab"Jan Mayen".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency.Retrieved4 March2012.
  11. ^"Country Information".United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library.5 September 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 29 May 2005.Retrieved4 March2012.
  12. ^Takle, Mona Takle; Vassenden, Kåre (March 2008)."Country classifications in migration statistics – present situation and proposals for a Eurostat standard"(PDF).United Nations Statistical CommissionandUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe.Archived(PDF)from the original on 16 April 2003.Retrieved4 March2012.
  13. ^ab"Territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen".Statoids. 6 April 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 8 January 2004.Retrieved4 March2012.
  14. ^"Delegation Record for.SJ".Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.13 November 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 17 January 2009.Retrieved4 March2012.
  15. ^"The.sj top level domains".Norid.Retrieved2 September2016.

Bibliography[edit]

78°38′07″N21°59′38″E/ 78.6352°N 21.9939°E/78.6352; 21.9939

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