Sveagruva
Sveagruva | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Sveagruva Location of Sveagruva andSvalbard | |
| Coordinates:77°54′00″N16°43′50″E/ 77.90000°N 16.73056°E | |
| Country |  Norway |
| Region | Svalbard |
| Founded | 1917 |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Total | 300 (commuting) |
Sveagruva(lit. 'Swedish Mine'), or simplySvea,was a mining settlement in theNorwegianarchipelago ofSvalbard,lying at the head ofVan Mijenfjord. When occupied by the workers, it was the third largest settlement in the archipelago (afterLongyearbyenandBarentsburg) but there were no permanent inhabitants. Around 300 workers living in Longyearbyen commuted to Sveagruva for work on a daily or weekly basis.[1]The mine was operated byStore Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani.[2]There is no road to Longyearbyen or any other settlements, so travel is done by air fromSvea Airportand coal transport by ship from a port 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southwest. Sveagruva closed in 2020 and currently has no permanent inhabitants.[3]
As of 2023, Sveagruva has been re-wilded to a pristine state. Almost every structure from its mining past has been removed.[3]
History
[edit]The town was established in 1917 by Swedes.[4]It was thereafter destroyed in 1944, but quickly re-established afterWorld War II.The mining activity ceased in 1949, and was not re-established until 1970. Mining was suspended for a short period in 1987. In the 1990s, the town nearly vanished, as mines in Longyearbyen proved more productive and accessible. In 2005, a mine fire erupted, lasting uninterrupted for more than five weeks, and causing 700 million Norwegian kroner worth of damage.
Sveagruva held the most productive coal mine of Svalbard, the Svea Nordlongwallmine. Opened in 2001, the mine produced up to 4 million metric tons of coal annually,[5]making it one of the largest underground coal mines in Europe. The mine closed in March 2020.[6]
Weather and Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Sveagruva | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13 (9) |
−13 (9) |
−13 (9) |
−9 (16) |
−3 (27) |
3 (37) |
7 (45) |
6 (43) |
2 (36) |
−4 (25) |
−8 (18) |
−11 (12) |
−3 (27) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.5 (2.3) |
−17 (1) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−5 (23) |
1 (34) |
5 (41) |
4 (39) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−11 (12) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−6 (21) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20 (−4) |
−21 (−6) |
−20 (−4) |
−16 (3) |
−7 (19) |
−1 (30) |
3 (37) |
2 (36) |
−3 (27) |
−9 (16) |
−14 (7) |
−18 (0) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 22 (0.9) |
28 (1.1) |
29 (1.1) |
16 (0.6) |
13 (0.5) |
18 (0.7) |
24 (0.9) |
30 (1.2) |
25 (1.0) |
19 (0.7) |
22 (0.9) |
25 (1.0) |
271 (10.7) |
| Source: Sveagruva Climate Guide[7] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^Neumann, Antje (2020-04-14).Wilderness Protection in Polar Regions: Arctic Lessons Learnt for the Regulation and Management of Tourism in the Antarctic.BRILL.ISBN978-90-04-41607-9.
- ^Sörlin, Sverker (2022-12-22).Resource Extraction and Arctic Communities.Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-1-009-10023-6.
- ^ab"Norway Rewilds Arctic Coal Mining Town in Largest Operation of its Kind, Gives New Hunting Ground for Polar Bears".26 September 2023.
- ^"Svea Nord".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-02-27.
- ^"Important dates in Store Norske's history".Archived fromthe originalon 2016-01-29.
- ^Stange, Rolf (2020-02-26)."Svea Nord is history".Spitsbergen | Svalbard.Retrieved2020-10-19.
- ^"Sveagruva Climate Guide, Svalbard".Weather2Travel.
