Sviatopolk II of Kiev
| Sviatopolk II | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Prince of Kiev | |||||
| Reign | 1093–1113 | ||||
| Predecessor | Vsevolod I | ||||
| Successor | Vladimir II | ||||
| Prince of Novgorod | |||||
| Reign | 1078–1088 | ||||
| Prince of Turov | |||||
| Reign | 1088–1093 | ||||
| Born | November 8, 1050 | ||||
| Died | April 16, 1113(aged 62) Vyshgorod | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | Barbara (?), a Bohemian princess (daughter ofSpytihnev II?), Cuman princess Olena (Turkogan) | ||||
| Issue | Out of wedlock: Mstislav By his first wife: Anna Maria Bryachislav Iziaslav | ||||
| |||||
| House | Rurik | ||||
| Father | Iziaslav I | ||||
Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich(Old East Slavic:Свѧтополкъ Изѧславичь,romanized:Svętopolkǐ Izęslavičǐ;[a]November 8, 1050 – April 16, 1113) wasGrand Prince of Kievfrom 1093 to 1113.[1]He was not a popular prince, and his reign was marked by incessant rivalry with his cousinVladimir Monomakh.
Early life
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Sviatopolk was the son ofIziaslav Iaroslavichby his concubine. During his brotherIaropolk's life, Sviatopolk was not regarded as a potential claimant to the throne ofKiev.In 1069 he was sent toPolotsk,a city briefly taken by his father from the local rulerVseslav,and then he spent ten years (1078–88) rulingNovgorod.Upon his brother's death he succeeded him inTurov,which would remain in possession ofhis descendantsuntil the 17th century.
Reign
[edit]
WhenVsevolod Iaroslavichdied in 1093, Sviatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of the grand prince and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne. Although he participated in the princely congresses organized by Vladimir Monomakh, he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes. For instance, he sided with his cousin David ofVolhyniaand his son-in-lawBolesław III Wrymouthin capturing and blinding one of theGalicianprinces.[2]He also sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against theKipchaksbut was defeated in theBattle of the Stugna River(1093).[3]Later that year, Sviatopolk was again defeated when faced with the Kipchaks,[3]whereupon the latter destroyed Torchesk, an Oghuz Turk settlement.[3]
In 1096, in an attempt to forceOleg I of Chernigovinto a Rus compact, Sviatopolk left his lands undefended.[4]His father-in-law, Tugorkhan, raidedPereyaslavl,whileBoniak,aCumankhan, raided as far as Kiev, destroyingBerestovoand sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, andthe Kiev Monastery of the Caves.[4]Tugorkhan was killed during his raid on Pereiaslavl, and so Sviatopolk had him buried in Kiev.[5]
In 1111, Sviatopolk, alongsideVladimir II,led an army at theBattle of the Salnytsia River,where they defeated a Cuman army on theSalnytsiariver. The site of this battle is probably at modern-dayIzium.[6]
Sviatopolk'sChristian namewas Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as theGolden-Roofedup to the present. The history now known asthePrimary Chroniclewas compiled by the monkNestorduring Sviatopolk's reign.
Marriage and children
[edit]Sviatopolk married firstly aBohemianprincess (Přemyslid dynasty), probably a daughter ofDuke Spytihněv II.They had three children:
- Zbyslava,married to kingBoleslaw III of Polandon November 15, 1102.
- Predslava,married toPrince Álmosof Hungary on August 21, 1104. Her fate is less known.
- Iaroslav(died 1123), Prince ofVolyniaand Turov was married three times - to the Hungarian-Polish Sophia (daughter ofWładysław I Hermanand his second wifeJudith of Swabia), and Kievan princesses. In consequence of Iaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves withTurovandPinsk.
Secondly, in 1094 Sviatopolk married a daughter of Tugorkhan of theKypchaks,Olena.[7]They had four children:
- Anna (died 1136), married to Sviatoslav Davydych fromChernihivwho took monastic vows upon her death and later became Saint Nikolai Svyatoslav Davydych of Chernihiv.
- Maria, marriedPiotr Włostowic,castellan ofWroclawand Polish palatine.
- Bryachislav (1104–1127), possibly dethroned Iaroslav as thePrince of Turov(1118–1123) in 1118.
- Iziaslav (died 1127), possibly thePrince of Turovin 1123.
In 1104, Sviatopolk would marry for a third time toBarbara Komnena.[8]
Some sources claim Sviatopolk had an out-of-wedlock son, Mstislav, who ruledNovgorod-Severskfrom 1095–1097 and later Volyn (1097–1099). Mstislav later was murdered in Volodymyr-Volynski.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Morby, John E. (2002).Dynasties of the world: a chronological and genealogical handbook.Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 167.ISBN9780198604730.
- ^Vernadsky 1976,p. 90.
- ^abcFranklin & Shepard 2013,p. 272.
- ^abFranklin & Shepard 2013,p. 272-273.
- ^Raffensperger 2012,p. 78-79.
- ^"Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область".Історія міст і сіл Української РСР(in Ukrainian).Retrieved2023-10-25.
- ^Dmytryshyn 2000,p. 61.
- ^Vernadsky 1976,p. 351.
Sources
[edit]- Dmytryshyn, Basil (2000).Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700.Academic International Press.
- Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (2013).The Emergence of Rus 750-1200.Routledge.
- Raffensperger, Christian (2012).Reimagining Europe.Harvard University Press.
- Vernadsky, George (1976).Kievan Russia.Yale University Press.
External links
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