Jump to content

Sylhet

Coordinates:24°54′N91°52′E/ 24.900°N 91.867°E/24.900; 91.867
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city of Sylhet. For other uses, seeSylhet (disambiguation).

Sylhet
সিলেট
Metropolis
Shah Jalal
Clockwise from the top: Downtown Sylhet,Sylhet Railway Station,Sylhet International Cricket Stadium,Tea garden in countryside,Shah Jalal Dargah,City Point.
Sylhet is located in Sylhet division
Sylhet
Sylhet
Location of Sylhet in Bangladesh
Sylhet is located in Bangladesh
Sylhet
Sylhet
Sylhet (Bangladesh)
Coordinates:24°54′N91°52′E/ 24.900°N 91.867°E/24.900; 91.867
CountryBangladesh
DivisionSylhet Division
DistrictSylhet
Municipal Board1867
Sylhet City Corporation9 April 2001
Metropolitan city31 March 2009[1]
Government
• TypeMayor–Council
• BodySylhet City Corporation
•MayorAnwaruzzaman Chowdhury(AL)
•Police CommissionerMd. Nisharul Arif
Area
• Urban
58 km2(22 sq mi)
• Metro
518.43 km2(200.17 sq mi)
Elevation
35 m (115 ft)
Population
(2011)
•Metropolis1,316,467
• Density19,865/km2(51,450/sq mi)
DemonymSylheti
Time zoneUTC+6(BST)
Postal code
3100
HDI(2019)0.631[2]
medium
International airportOsmani International Airport
Regional Calling code+880821
PoliceSylhet Metropolitan Police
Websitescc.gov.bd

Sylhet(Bengali:সিলেট;IPA:[sileʈ]), is ametropolitan citylocated in the northeastern region ofBangladesh.It is the administrative center ofSylhet Divisionand is situated on the banks of theSurma River.Sylhet is thefifth-largestcity in Bangladesh, with a population of around 700,000 people.

Sylhet is known for its tea plantations and natural beauty.[4]The city has a history dating back to the 14th century and has been ruled by various dynasties and empires, including theMughals,British,and theNawabs of Bengal.The city is also home to several important landmarks, such as theShah Jalal Dargah,which is one of the holiest sites in Bangladesh and attracts thousands of pilgrims every year.[5]

Sylhet is one of the most economically important cities in Bangladesh afterDhakaandChittagong.[6]Sylhet is a major commercial and financial center, and it is home to several multinational companies and industries, including the tea industry, which generates a significant amount of revenue for the city. The city has a diverse population, withBengalis,Tripuris,and other ethnic groups living together. The official language of Sylhet isStandard Bengali,whileSylheti Bengaliis the most spoken. English is widely spoken and understood because people from Sylhet form a significant portion of theBangladeshi diaspora,particularly in theUnited Kingdomand theUnited States.According toThe Daily Star,about 85% of Bangladeshi population in theUKcomes from the Sylhet district.[7]Sylhet has diverse transport infrastructure, with a modern airport, railway station, and bus terminals that connect it to other parts of the country.[8]The city also has several educational institutions, includingSylhet Agricultural University,Shahjalal University of Science and Technology,andSylhet Cadet College.

Etymology and names[edit]

Sylhet is theanglicisationofশিলহট(Śilhôṭ), one of the archaic native names for the city.[citation needed]The local name is generally thought to be directly derived fromশ্রীহট্ট(Śrīhaṭṭa), theSanskritname of the city.[9]The city of Śrīhaṭṭa takes its name fromŚrīhaṭṭanātha,thetutelary deityof the Nātha dynasty who promoted the early settlement ofNāthasin the Surma andBarakvalleys between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, founding the Śrīhaṭṭajanapadaand establishingŚrīhaṭṭanāthaidols across the region.[10]The laterHindurajasof Sylhet, such asGour Govinda,continued to pay tribute to the deity asHāṭkeśvaraorHaṭṭanāthaas evident from theDevipuranaand copper-plate inscriptions.[11]

History[edit]

Main article:History of Sylhet

In 1303, the Sultan of LakhnautiShamsuddin Firoz Shahconquered Sylhetby defeatingGour Govinda.[12]Sylhet was a realm of theBengal Sultanate.In the 16th-century, Sylhet was controlled by theBaro-Bhuyanzamindarsand later became a sarkar (district) of theMughal Empire.[13]Sylhet emerged after 1612 as the Mughals' most significant imperial outpost in Bengal east of Dhaka, and its importance remained as such throughout the seventeenth century.[14]British rulebegan in the 18th century under the administration of theEast India Company.Sylhet became a key source oflascarsin the British Empire due in part to its ancient seafaring tradition. The Sylhet municipal board was established in 1867.[15]Originally part of theBengal Presidencyand laterEastern Bengal and Assam,the town became part of Colonial Assam in 1874. A devastating earthquake demolished almost the entire town on12 June 1897following which a modern and European model new town was built on the wreckage.[citation needed]From the beginning of the 20th century, the importance of Sylhet increased with the establishment of the tea industry.[citation needed]

In 1947, following areferendumand thepartition of British India,Sylhet became part of East Pakistan.[12]In 1995, the Government of Bangladesh declared Sylhet as the sixthdivisional headquartersof the country.[16]Sylhet has played a vital role in theEconomy of Bangladesh.Several of Bangladesh'sfinance ministershave been members of parliament from the city of Sylhet.Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamranwas a longtime mayor of Sylhet.Humayun Rashid Choudhury,a diplomat from Sylhet, served asPresident of the UN General Assemblyand Speaker of theBangladesh National Parliament.

In 2001, the municipality was upgraded to theSylhet City Corporation.It was made a metropolitan city in 2009.[17]

Geography and climate[edit]

Sylhet is located in the northeastern region of Bangladesh within the Sylhet Division, the Sylhet District, and Sylhet Sadar Upazila. Sylhet has a typical Bangladeshitropical monsoon climate(KöppenAm) bordering on ahumid subtropical climate(Cwa) at higher elevations. The rainy season runs from April to October, and is generally hot and humid with heavy showers and thunderstorms almost every day. The shorter dry season runs from November to February, with very warm and fairly clear weather. Nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 4,200 millimetres (170 in) occurs between May and September.[18]

The city is located within a topographically distinctive region of Bangladesh characterized by dramatic hills and basins. Thephysiographyof Sylhet consists mainly of hill soils and encompasses a few large depressions known locally as "beels,"which are frequentlyoxbow lakescaused by tectonic subsidence duringthe earthquake of 1762.

Geologically, the region is complex and diverse; higher-elevation regions date partly to the Plio-Mioceneage. Available limestone deposits in different parts of the region suggest that the whole area was under the ocean in the Oligo-Miocene. In the last 150 years, three major earthquakes have hit the city with magnitude of at least 7.5 on theRichter Scale,most recently in 1918.[19]

Climate data for Sylhet (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.5
(94.1) 		35.0
(95.0) 		38.8
(101.8) 		39.2
(102.6) 		38.2
(100.8) 		39.6
(103.3) 		38.4
(101.1) 		37.9
(100.2) 		37.8
(100.0) 		37.0
(98.6) 		35.0
(95.0) 		31.3
(88.3) 		39.6
(103.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1) 		28.2
(82.8) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.6
(88.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.5
(90.5) 		32.3
(90.1) 		31.8
(89.2) 		29.7
(85.5) 		26.8
(80.2) 		30.4
(86.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		24.3
(75.7) 		26.0
(78.8) 		26.8
(80.2) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.9
(82.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		24.8
(76.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.4
(63.3) 		21.2
(70.2) 		23.0
(73.4) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.3
(77.5) 		24.8
(76.6) 		22.3
(72.1) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.8
(53.2) 		19.6
(67.3)
Record low °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1) 		8.8
(47.8) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		18.0
(64.4) 		18.0
(64.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		22.3
(72.1) 		20.5
(68.9) 		16.5
(61.7) 		13.4
(56.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		3.4
(38.1)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 7
(0.3) 		38
(1.5) 		127
(5.0) 		382
(15.0) 		590
(23.2) 		795
(31.3) 		723
(28.5) 		609
(24.0) 		496
(19.5) 		201
(7.9) 		25
(1.0) 		10
(0.4) 		4,003
(157.6)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1 mm) 1 3 7 15 22 26 28 26 20 10 2 1 161
Mean monthlysunshine hours 212.2 210.6 223.2 196.1 178.6 121.9 132.8 145.1 148.7 218.9 242.9 238.0 2,269
Source:NOAA[20]
A tea garden at Jaflong, Sylhet
Ratargul Swamp Forest

Administration[edit]

Further information:Wards of Sylhet City Corporation

On 10 April 2001, Sylhet was changed to a city corporation from a municipal board, and currently the city is administered by theSylhet City Corporation.At present, Sylhet is the district-headquarters as well as the divisional headquarters of the districts ofSunamganj,Habiganj,MoulvibazarandSylhet District.The Sylhet City Corporation is responsible for the services that are provided within the city which includes traffic, roads, garbage collection, water supply, registrations and many others. The corporation consists of the Mayor and 22 other commissioners, and focuses on the development of the city.[21]Sylhet is divided into 6 metropolitanthanas(police stations), 42 wards, and 1224 mahallas.[citation needed]

Military[edit]

Sylhet is strategically important for theBangladesh Armed Forces.TheBangladesh Army's17th Infantry Divisionis based atJalalabad Cantonmentin Sylhet.[22]The cantonment is also home of theSchool of Infantry and Tactics(SI&T) and the1st Para-commando Battalion,an elitecommandounit of the Bangladesh Army.[citation needed]

Healthcare[edit]

Sylhet is also home to many hospitals such as the Shahid Shamsuddin Hospital District Hospital,Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College,Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College,North East Medical College,andSylhet Women's Medical College.[citation needed]

In 2018,Sylhet Medical Universitywas established in the city, following the Prime Minister's order to found a medical university in each division with the goal of maintaining medical standards in colleges. According to the order, Chittagong and Rajshahi Medical University have already been established, and Sylhet Medical University is the fourth Medical University of the directive.[23][24]

Demographics[edit]

See also:Demographics of Bangladesh
Religions in Sylhet (2011)[25]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 87.26%
Hinduism
 
 12.52%
Other or not stated
 
 0.22%

As of the2011 Bangladesh census,Sylhet has a population of 485,138.[25]The population growth rate of the city is 1.73%, a decrease from 1.93% in 1991.[26]Sylhet has a sex ratio of 861 females to 1000 males and a literacy rate of 67.8%.[25]

The majority of the population areBengali Muslims,while significant minority population groups include theBengali Hindus,Bishnupriya Manipuriand others.[27]Sylhetiis spoken by the vast majority of the people, whileStandard Bengaliis the official language used by the state government and officials.[28][29][30]

The majority of people in Sylhet are Muslims (87.3%), while other religious groups include Hindus (12.5%) and less than 0.2% of other religions, mainlyBuddhistsandChristians.The majority of Muslims in Sylhet areSunniswho follow theHanafischool of jurisprudence.[31]Significant numbers of people also followSufiideals, particularly the teachings ofAbdul Latif Fultali.[32]

Economy[edit]

The Sylhet Metropolitan Area is one of Bangladesh's main business centres. Sylhet's economy is closely linked with theBangladeshi diaspora,especially theBritish Bangladeshicommunity. The city receives a significant portion of the country's annualremittances,which have driven growth in real estate and construction.[33]A number of shopping centres, restaurants and hotels have opened as a result. Sylhet also relies onreligious tourism,with thousands of devotees visiting itsSufishrines annually, as well asecotourismin its broader natural hinterland.[citation needed]Natureresortshave been built in the city's outskirts. Several importantBangladeshi companiesare based in Sylhet, including Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution, Sylhet Gas Fields andAlim Industries.Biman Bangladesh Airlinesoperates several flights from Sylhet to the United Kingdom and the Middle East. Roads connect Sylhet with the Indian states ofMeghalayaand Assam.

Sylhet'shinterlandplays a vital role in theeconomy of Bangladesh.It is home to the country's largestnatural gasfields, solecrude oilfield,[34]largestteaplantations, rubber,palm oil,cane,agarwood[35]andcitrusfarms. Rice production in the region is one of the country's highest. Heavy industries includepower plants,fertilizerplants, cement plants andliquefied petroleum gasplants. Other major industries in the region includeceramics,machinery and equipment, ready-made garments and pharmaceuticals. Most of the tea production in Bangladesh is based around Sylhet, much of which is eventually exported internationally.[citation needed]

Two Bangladeshifinance ministersfrom the city have been elected to theJatiyo Sangshadfor Sylhet:Saifur Rahmanof the Bangladesh Nationalist Party; andAbul Maal Abdul Muhithof the Awami League. The present foreign affairs ministerDR. A K Abdul Momen,who is the younger brother of Abdul Muhith, currently represents theSylhet-1seat in parliament.[citation needed]

Utilities[edit]

Sylhet has high rates of electricity and water shortages. According to the Power Development Board, as of 2009, Sylhet was only receiving 50MW,half of the required demand of 100 MW. The city corporation was also supplying only 22,500 gallons of water, far less than the demand of about 65,000.[36]The major sources of water to the city are the tube wells and theSurma River.[citation needed]Tests of tube wells in Sylhet District by the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in 1997 found that about 27.6% contained more arsenic than the acceptable limit set by Bangladesh of 50 micrograms per liter, and 49.2% contained more arsenic than the World Health Organization standard of 10 micrograms per liter.[37]There are about 331 registered restaurants in the city, but only 15% maintain sanitary facilities and 85% have unhygienic conditions that are unsafe for the public.[38]

Culture[edit]

The cultural identity of Sylhet has been shaped by a blend of indigenous practices, Sufi influences, and the assimilation of diverse communities. Sylhet is also known for its music scene, and it is home to several renowned musicians and artists.[citation needed]The city has a rich literary tradition, producing several notable writers and poets includingSyed Mujtaba AliandHumayun Ahmed.

Cuisine[edit]

Sylheti cuisine is known for its distinct flavors and aromatic dishes. Popular delicacies in the city includepitha(rice cakes),shorshe ilish(hilsa fish in mustard sauce),shatkorabeef, anddoi chira(flattened rice with yogurt). The region's love for tea is evident in its numerous tea gardens and the consumption of "seven-layer tea," a unique layered beverage.

Sports[edit]

Sylhet International Cricket Stadium

Cricket is the most popular sport in Sylhet.[citation needed]TheBangladesh Premier LeaguefranchiseSylhet Strikersare based inSylhet International Cricket Stadium(M.A.G. Osmani Stadium), which was built in 2007 and has a capacity of 18,500 spectators. The Sylhet International Cricket Stadium was renovated in 2013 specifically to host matches for the2014 ICC World Twenty20.It is situated near lush green tea gardens on the city fringe.[39]In theNational Cricket League,Sylhet Divisionhas not won any titles but did win in theOne-Day Cricket Leagueduring the2001–02 season.Notable players from Sylhet who have played for theBangladesh national cricket teamincludeRajin Saleh,[40]Enamul Haque Jr,[41]Tapash Baisya,[42]andAlok Kapali.[43]Chess playerRani Hamidwas awarded theFIDEWomen's International Master(WIM) title in 1985, while her sonKaiser Hamidwas the captain of theBangladesh national football teamin the early 90s.[44]

Transport[edit]

Further information:Transport in Bangladesh
Sylhet MAG Osmani International Airport
Sylhet railway station

Road[edit]

The main transport systems used in Sylhet arecycle rickshaws,auto rickshaws(mainly known as baby-taxis or CNGs), buses, mini-buses and cars. About 80,000 rickshaws run each day within the city. Bus service prices have increased up to 30% higher, and as of 2008 prices range fromTk4 to 15.95.[45]

TheN2connects the city with Bangladesh's capital and largest city, Dhaka, as well as with many other parts of the country. The N2 highway is also part of theAsian Highway Network's two longest routes,AH1andAH2.

Air[edit]

Sylhet is served byOsmani International Airport,located at the north of the city. It is Bangladesh's third busiest airport, and it became an international airport due to demand driven by expatriate Bangladeshis and their families living in the United Kingdom and the United States. The most prevalent airlines at the airport areBiman Bangladesh Airlines,US-Bangla AirlinesandNovoair.

Osmani International Airport received its first international arrival on 3 November 2002, with a Biman plane arriving fromKuwaitviaAbu Dhabien route to Dhaka.[46]Sylhet's first direct international flight arrived on 15 March 2017 when a Flydubai direct flight fromDubailanded at the airport.[47]Work began in 2006 to upgrade the airport to international standards, including a new terminal building, a jetway, a taxiway, and expansion of the runway to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft.[48]In May 2007, Biman announced directHajjflights originating from the airport later that year.[49]As of 2020, Biman Bangladesh operates direct flight toLondonfrom Sylhet.[50]All Bangladeshi airlines operate regular domestic flights to Dhaka and Biman operates regular domestic flights toCox's Bazar.[51]

In response to the increase in passenger and cargo demand at the airport, work began in 2020 on a new 34,919 square metres (375,860 sq ft) international passenger terminal building, as well as a cargo building, a control tower, parking areas, and a taxiway.[52][53]

Rail[edit]

Parabat Expresstrain in Sylhet Railway Station

TheSylhet railway stationis the main railway station providing trains on national routes operated by the state-runBangladesh Railway. Some train routes originating or terminating in Sylhet include the following.

Towards Dhaka[edit]

Train No. Train Name Train Type Departures
710 Parabat Express Intercity Daily (except Tue)
718 Jayantika Express Intercity Daily
740 Upaban Express Intercity Daily
774 Kalni Express Intercity Daily (except Fri)
10 Surma Mail Mail Daily

Towards Chittagong[edit]

Train No. Train Name Train Type Departures
724 Udayan Express Intercity Daily (except Fri)
720 Paharika Express Intercity Daily (except Fri)
14 Jalalabad Express Mail Daily

Towards Akahura[edit]

Train No. Train Name Train Type Departures
18 Kushiara Express Mail Daily

Education[edit]

Main article:List of educational institutes of Sylhet
Further information:Education in Bangladesh

There are two public universities in Sylhet:Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologyandSylhet Agricultural University.[54]There are some prominent colleges and schools in Sylhet such asJalalabad Cantonment Public School and College,Parkview Medical College, MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet,Sylhet Women's Medical College,North East Medical College,Sylhet Engineering College,[55]Sylhet Cadet College,Murari Chand College,[56]Institute of Health Technology, Sylhet,Border Guard Public School And College,Scholarshome,Blue Bird High School and College,Sylhet Science And Technology College,Sylhet Polytechnic Institute,andSylhet Government Women's College.

Notable people[edit]

Main article:List of people from Sylhet

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

Sylhet istwinnedwith:[citation needed]

As of 2009, Sylhet has friendly relations with:

The friendship link with St Albans was established in 1988, when the St Albans'district councilsupported a housing project in Sylhet as part of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless. Sylhet was chosen because it is the home region for a large ethnic minority population in St Albans.[57]

In March 2009 the Mayor of Sylhet, Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to form another friendship link between Sylhet and Rochdale, home to around 10,000 people with Sylheti heritage. The Mayor of Sylhet signed it alongside the Mayor of Rochdale, Cllr Keith Swift, at theSylhet City Corporation.[citation needed]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Bangladesh clamps down on beggars".BBC News.2 April 2009.Retrieved2 April2009.
  2. ^"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab".hdi.globaldatalab.org.Retrieved11 July2021.
  3. ^"Sylhet Metropolitan Police".sylhetmetropolitanpolice.
  4. ^"The Most Beautiful Tea Gardens in Bangladesh to visit".unb.bd.Retrieved5 March2023.
  5. ^Chowdhury, Aisha Hayder (25 February 2021)."Sylhet in Spirit".The Daily Star.Retrieved5 March2023.
  6. ^Martin, Megan (17 October 2022)."Discover the 9 Largest Cities In Bangladesh".AZ Animals.Retrieved5 March2023.
  7. ^Ali, Ismail (27 December 2019)."The 'Londoni' Connection".The Daily Star.Retrieved5 March2023.
  8. ^Correspondent, Our; Sylhet (9 January 2020)."No more cobweb of cables!".The Daily Star.Retrieved5 March2023.
  9. ^Monsur Musa (1999). "History of the Study of the Dialect of Sylhet: Some Problems". In Sharif Uddin Ahmed (ed.).Sylhet: History and Heritage.Bangladesh Itihas Samiti. p. 588.ISBN978-984-31-0478-6.
  10. ^Chowdhury, Mujibur Rahman (31 July 2019)."গৌড়-বঙ্গে মুসলিম বিজয় এবং সুফি-সাধকদের কথা"[Muslim conquest in Gauḍa-Vaṅga and discussion about Sufi ascetics].Sylheter Dak(in Bengali). Archived fromthe originalon 5 October 2019.Retrieved30 January2023.
  11. ^Choudhury, Achyut Charan(2000) [1916]. "উত্তর শ্রীহট্টের নামতত্ত্ব".Srihatter Itibritta: Uttorangsho(in Bengali). Kolkata: Kotha. p. 21.
  12. ^abFazal, Tanweer (2013).Minority Nationalisms in South Asia.Routledge. p. 53.ISBN978-1-317-96647-0.
  13. ^Sangma, Milton S. (1994).Essays on North-east India: Presented in Memory of Professor V. Venkata Rao.Indus Publishing. p. 75.ISBN978-81-7387-015-6.
  14. ^Nath, Pratyay (2019).Climate of Conquest: War, Environment, and Empire in Mughal North India.Oxford University Press.pp. 184–185.ISBN978-0-19-949555-9.
  15. ^"Welcome sylhetcitycorporationbd.org - Justhost".sylhetcitycorporationbd.org.Archived fromthe originalon 13 October 2018.Retrieved26 November2014.
  16. ^"Basics of Islam".Londoni.Archived fromthe originalon 5 September 2023.Retrieved10 September2016.
  17. ^"Welcome sylhetcitycorporationbd.org - Justhost".sylhetcitycorporationbd.org.Archived fromthe originalon 4 July 2018.Retrieved10 September2016.
  18. ^Monthly Averages for Sylhet, BGDArchived1 July 2019 at theWayback MachineMSN Weather. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  19. ^Siddiquee, Iqbal (10 February 2006)."Sylhet growing as a modern urban centre".Our Cities: 15th Anniversary Special.The Daily Star. Archived fromthe originalon 21 July 2018.Retrieved25 May2009.
  20. ^"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Sylhet".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Retrieved16 June2024.
  21. ^The Sylhet City CorporationArchived12 December 2009 at theWayback MachineSwadhinata Trust. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  22. ^"PM launches 17 Infantry Division".Dhaka Tribune.17 September 2013.Retrieved24 November2016.
  23. ^আগামীতে ক্ষমতায় এলে প্রতিটি বিভাগে মেডিকেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হবে.Ekushey TV(in Bengali).
  24. ^সিলেট মেডিকেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় বিল পাস.NTV(in Bengali). Archived fromthe originalon 26 September 2019.
  25. ^abc"Community Series - Sylhet District"(PDF).bbs.gov.bd.Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  26. ^Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Pocket Book, 2007 (pdf-file)Archived28 September 2007 at theWayback Machine2007 Population Estimate. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
  27. ^Exploring the MarginalizedArchived27 April 2017 at theWayback MachineSamir Ranjan Nath. BRAC. February 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  28. ^"Syloti-Nagri Alpha bet".omniglot.
  29. ^"Sylheti unicode chart"(PDF).
  30. ^Christina Julios (2008).Contemporary British Identity: English Language, Migrants, and Public Discourse.Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp.40–41.ISBN978-0-7546-7158-9
  31. ^"Islam in Bangladesh".OurBangla.Archived fromthe originalon 19 February 2007.Retrieved3 August2016.[self-published source]
  32. ^David Garbin (17 June 2005)."Bangladeshi Diaspora in the UK: Some observations on socio-culturaldynamics, religious trends and transnational politics"(PDF).University of Surrey. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 23 September 2010.Retrieved3 June2008.
  33. ^"Returning home to build mansion".BBC News.22 December 2011.
  34. ^"Haripur Oilfield".Banglapedia.
  35. ^Siddiquee, Iqbal (19 October 2011)."Agar farming sees export markets".The Daily Star.
  36. ^Iqbal Siddiquee (5 May 2009)."Power, water crises grip Sylhet city".The Daily Star.Retrieved29 May2009.
  37. ^"Arsenic poisons Sylhet water".The Independent.Dhaka. 11 September 1997. Archived fromthe originalon 27 October 2004.Retrieved29 May2009– via Engconsult Ltd.
  38. ^Study of Water Quality in Sylhet City and its Restaurants: Health Associated Risk AssessmentArchived1 April 2010 at theWayback MachineTehran University of Medical Sciences. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
  39. ^Pieal, Jannatul."'Sylhet is the most beautiful Test venue in Asia'".bdcrictime.
  40. ^Players and Officials – Rajin SalehCricinfo. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
  41. ^Players and Officials – Enamul Haque jnrCricinfo. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
  42. ^Players and Officials Hasibul Hussain who was the opening bowler in the 1999 World Cup – Tapash BaisyaCricinfo. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
  43. ^Players and Officials – Alok KapaliCricinfo. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
  44. ^"ইতিহাসের সাক্ষী কায়সার হামিদ".Daily Janakantha(in Bengali). 14 October 2015.Retrieved11 May2024.
  45. ^Sylhet city bus services hike fares on whimArchived15 June 2009 at theWayback MachineNew Age Metro. 4 November 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  46. ^Weekly Holiday (22 November 2002). "Biman launches Kuwait-Sylhet flight". Aviatour.
  47. ^"First direct international flight lands at Sylhet airport".The Daily Star.16 March 2017.Retrieved26 March2017.
  48. ^"Osmani Airport expansion work begins in July".The Daily Star.13 May 2004.
  49. ^"Runway expansion at Osmani Airport nearing completion".New Age.12 May 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 15 June 2009.Retrieved14 May2007.
  50. ^"Biman's Sylhet-London-Sylhet direct flight resumes after 9 years".The Daily Star.4 October 2020.Retrieved2 January2021.
  51. ^"Biman to launch Sylhet-Cox's Bazar flight from Nov 12".Dhaka Tribune.10 November 2020.Retrieved2 January2021.
  52. ^"International terminal at Osmani Airport on the cards".Banglanews24.24 October 2018.
  53. ^"Sylhet's Osmani Int'l Airport getting improvements".Daily Star.13 October 2020.Retrieved24 July2023.
  54. ^Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologyThere are also private universities such as Sylhet International University and Metropolitan University.Archived27 December 2009 at theWayback MachineVarsity Admission. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  55. ^"Sylhet Engineering College".The Daily Star.9 November 2008.Retrieved25 May2009.
  56. ^Islam, Mohammad Shafiqul (25 March 2007)."Inter University Debate Competition: Metropolitan University Team Champion".The Daily Star.Retrieved25 May2009.
  57. ^ab"Councillors, mayoralty and town twinning".stalbans.gov.uk.St Albans City & District Council.Retrieved18 August2021.
  58. ^"Rochdale Township Committee"(PDF).Rochdale Borough Council.4 July 2019.

External links[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related toSylhet.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toSylhet.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sylhet&oldid=1235176767"