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T1 tanker

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USSMettawee,a 1942, T1-M-A2 tanker
History
General characteristics
USNSAlatna,1956 T1 tanker

TheT1 tankerorT1are a class ofsea worthysmalltankershipsused to transportfuel oilbefore and duringWorld War II,Korean WarandVietnam War.The T1 tanker classification is still in use today. T1 tankers are about 200 to 250 feet (61 to 76 m) in length and are able to sustain a top speed of about 12knots(22 km/h; 14 mph). Thehull designationAO is used by the US Navy to denote the ship is a T1 oil tanker and AOG that the T1 is agasolinetanker. The small size allows the T1 to enter just about anysea portor to anchor around a small island, this was very useful during thePacific War.The T1 tanker can carry about 48,000 to 280,000bbls.Some T1 tankers were used to transport goods other than oil, a few were used forblack oil-crude oil,diesel,chemicalsand rarelybulk cargolikegrain.T1 tankers are also called liquid cargo carriers. The T1 tanker has about a 6,000 to 35,000deadweight tonnage(DWT) of cargo. The small size also gives the ships short turn around time for repair, cleaning, loading and unloading. A T1 tanker carrying dirty cargo, like crude oil needs a few weeks of labor to clean before carrying clean cargo. Most T1 ships during World War II were named after majoroil fields.[1]

T1 tankers are operated by theUS Navy,War Shipping AdministrationandUnited States Maritime Commission.Some T1s were loaned toEnglandin theLend-Lease programfor World War II, after the war most were returned to the US. After World War II many of the T1 ships were sold to for civilian use. Each T1 hademergency life raftson the boat deck. The ships had cargo booms and piping to load and unload fuel. During war time the T1 are armed for protection withdeck guns.A typical ship may have one single3 "/50 dual purpose gun,two40 mm gunsand three singleOerlikon 20 mm cannon.A T1 at war time normally had a crew of 38 and up to 130. If operating as aUnited States Merchant Marineship, the crew would be a mix of civilian Merchant Marines andUnited States Navy Armed Guardsto man the guns.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

US classes

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Lead ship of T1 class, T1-MT-M1,USSPatapsco,sister ship ofUSSNatchaug
USSChehalisa 1944 T1-MT-M1 tanker[27]

Other T1 type ships

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Notable incidents

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  • Sulphur Bluffa T1-M-A1, renamedPunta Ciguenasank on 7 February 1960 atRio Uruguayriver inBuenos Aires.She was raised, repaired and renamedDona Isabel.[28]
  • USSChehalis,a T1-MT-M1, exploded while inSamoa,caught fire and sank in 1949.
  • USSEscatawpa,a T1-M-A2, ran aground and sank duringTyphoon LouiseatKyushu,Japan,on 17 September 1945. She was raised, repaired and renamedGravataiwhich sank again in 1970.[29]
  • USSNanticoke,a T1-M-BT1, renamed ARAPunta Delgadawhich sank in 1985.[30]
  • Nodaway,a T1-M-BT1, renamedDynafuelsank in a collision with SSFernviewin 1963 atBuzzards Bay,Massachusetts.[31][32][33]
  • MSAvoca,a T1-M-BT1, renamedPetalumathenMSTranspetcaught fire and sank on 30 October 1951 after an explosion in the engine room in theGulf of St. Lawrence.
  • Sebasticook,a T1-M-BT1, renamedMexia,thenKwang Lungcaught fire and sank on 5 April 1961 atKaohsiung Harbor,Taiwan.The fire-fighting party fromUSSPrichetthelp put the fire out, but she still sank, spilled a million gallons of gasoline.[34]
  • USSTetonkaha,a T1-M-A2, was renamedMaumee Sun.Damaged in a collision with MVAmerican Pilotin November 1965 and then scrapped.USCGCEscanabacame to her aid after the collision.[35]
  • Tarantella,a T1-M-BT2, renamed MVEsso Reguluswas wrecked after running aground onMengalum Islandin theSouth China Seanear Malaysia. on 15 January 1976, she was later scrapped in Hong Kong.[36]
  • USSKlickitat,a T1-M-BT1, renamedCapitanwas wrecked in 1948, repaired and renamed MVPunta Loyola.She was sold and renamed MVAlkene,but wrecked again in 1974 off thePhilippines.[37]

See also

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References

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  1. ^National Park Service, Scotts Bluff
  2. ^"NJ Scuba, Tanker".Archived fromthe originalon 2016-10-07.Retrieved2017-01-10.
  3. ^marad.dot.gov, Coastal Tankers
  4. ^marad.dot.gov, Coastal Tanker
  5. ^marad.dot.gov, Activation specifications for t1 -m-bt2 tanker
  6. ^Auke Visser's, T1 Tanker types
  7. ^navsource.org USS Klickitat (AOG-64)
  8. ^shipbuildinghistory, T-1 Tankers
  9. ^Mettawee tanker
  10. ^T1-M-A2 tanker
  11. ^T1-M-A2 tanker Todd Galveston Drydocks Inc., Galveston, Texas
  12. ^T1-M-BT1 tanker
  13. ^Klickitat Class, Walter Butler ShipBuilders, Inc., Duluth MN
  14. ^navsource.org, Klickitat Class Gasoline tankers
  15. ^navsource.org, USNS Piscataqua (T-AOG-80)
  16. ^T1-M-BT2 tanker
  17. ^T1-M-BT2, Tankers built by Todd Houston Shipbuilding Co., Houston, Texas
  18. ^T1-MT-M1 tanker
  19. ^Patapsco gasoline tanker
  20. ^T1-S-C3
  21. ^ET1-S-C3 Tankers
  22. ^globalsecurity.org, T-AOG-81 Alatna Small T1 Tanker Class
  23. ^Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Volume 3, edited by James L. Mooney, page 82
  24. ^NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive T-AOG / T-AOT-81 Alatna
  25. ^history.navy.mil, Alatna Small T1 Tanker
  26. ^shipbuildinghistory AOG
  27. ^T1 list
  28. ^Sulphur Bluff
  29. ^navsource.org, EscatawpaT1-M-A2
  30. ^Nanticoke T1-M-BT1
  31. ^navsource.org, Nodaway
  32. ^fleetsheet,Dynafuel
  33. ^Dynafuelcollision with SSFernview
  34. ^navy.mil, Sebasticook
  35. ^"coltoncompany, USS Tetonkaha (AOG-41)".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-09-28.Retrieved2017-04-07.
  36. ^wrecksite.eu, MVEsso Regulus
  37. ^wrecksite.eu, MVAlkene
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