Tabaqat

Tabaqat(Arabic:طبقاتṭabaqāt) is a genre of Islamicbiographical literaturethat is organized according to the century in which the notable individuals (such as scholars, poets etc.) lived. Each century or generation is known as aṭabaqah,the plural of which isṭabaqāt.Theṭabaqātwritings depict the past of a particular tradition of religious affiliation or scholarship and follows a chronological parameter that stretch from an authoritative starting-point to the generation (ṭabaqah) immediately preceding the assumed author.^[1]

Development[edit]

The tabaqat literature originated sometime within the late eighth and ninth centuries.^[2]Another account also cited that the tabaqat format became popular during the period of earlyhadithtransmitter critics, emerging amid the effort to identify, classify, and evaluate transmitters in the discipline known asilm al-rijāl.^[3]TheTabaqatliterature were written as tools to assist themuhaddithsin their efforts to classifyhadithtransmitters and to determine the quality of particularisnads.The isnad as a system for authenticating the memory ofprophetic periodrequired righteous, honest, and competent transmitters in every generation. Biographical entries in theṭabaqātliterature typically offer evaluations of the personal, religious and intellectual quality of their subjects.^[4]

Examples[edit]

Famous examples of Tabaqat literature includeṬabaqāt al-Ḥanābilahoriginally byIbn Abi Ya'laand then byIbn Rajab.Kitab Tabaqat al-Mutazilah(concerned with theologians of theMutazilite school) byAhmad bin Yahya al-Murtada,Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr(about thecompanions of the Prophetand their successors) byIbn Sa'dand - more recently -Tabaghat Aa'lam Al-Shia(about famousShiascholars] byAgha Bozorg Tehrani.The case of Ibrahim Hafsi's compendium of works, which are based on the ṭabaqāthistoriographicalframework, also demonstrate how the genre is applied in various fields in the Arabo-Islamic civilization and religious disciplines.^[5]

References[edit]

^Mojaddedi, Jawid (2013).The Biographical Tradition in Sufism: The Tabaqat Genre from al-Sulami to Jami.Surrey: Curzon Press. p. 1.ISBN 978-0700713592.
^Foot, Sarah; Robinson, Chase (2012).The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 2: 400-1400.Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 253.ISBN 9780199236428.
^Andersson, Tobias (2018).Early Sunnī Historiography: A Study of the Tārīkh of Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ.Leiden: BRILL. p. 94.ISBN 9789004383166.
^Judd, Steven C. (2013).Religious Scholars and the Umayyads Piety-Minded Supporters of the Marwanid Caliphate.Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 25.ISBN 978-1134501717.
^Lucas, Scott (2004).Constructive Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and the Articulation of Sunnī Islam: The Legacy of the Generation of Ibn Saʻd, Ibn Maʻīn, and Ibn Ḥanbal.Leiden: BRILL. p. 48.ISBN 9004133194.

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[1] Mojaddedi, Jawid (2013).The Biographical Tradition in Sufism: The Tabaqat Genre from al-Sulami to Jami.Surrey: Curzon Press. p. 1.ISBN 978-0700713592.

[2] Foot, Sarah; Robinson, Chase (2012).The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 2: 400-1400.Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 253.ISBN 9780199236428.

[3] Andersson, Tobias (2018).Early Sunnī Historiography: A Study of the Tārīkh of Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ.Leiden: BRILL. p. 94.ISBN 9789004383166.

[4] Judd, Steven C. (2013).Religious Scholars and the Umayyads Piety-Minded Supporters of the Marwanid Caliphate.Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 25.ISBN 978-1134501717.

[5] Lucas, Scott (2004).Constructive Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and the Articulation of Sunnī Islam: The Legacy of the Generation of Ibn Saʻd, Ibn Maʻīn, and Ibn Ḥanbal.Leiden: BRILL. p. 48.ISBN 9004133194.

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Development[edit]

Examples[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]