Tabi'un
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Thetābiʿūn(Arabic:اَلتَّابِعُونَ,also accusative or genitivetābiʿīnاَلتَّابِعِينَ,singulartābiʿتَابِعٌ), "followers" or "successors", are the generation ofMuslimswho followed thecompanions(ṣaḥāba) of the Islamic prophetMuhammad,and thus received their teachings secondhand.[1]Atābiʿknew at least oneṣaḥābī.[2]As such, they played an important part in the development ofIslamicthought and knowledge, and in the political development of the earlycaliphate.
The next generation of Muslims after thetabiʿūnare called thetābiʿ at-tābiʿīnتَابِعُو ٱلتَّابِعِينَ.The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up thesalafسَلَفُof Islam.
Sunni definition
[edit]Muslims from the Sunni branch of Islam define atābiʿas a Muslim who:
- Saw at least one of the companions of Muhammad
- Was rightly-guided (ar-rāšidūn)
- One who died in that state. TheKhawarijare therefore not referred to as tābiʿūn even though they saw many of Muhammad's companions.
Sunni Muslims also regard the tābiʿūn as the best generation after the companions. According toSunni Muslims,Muhammad said: "The best people are those living in my generation, then those coming after them, and then those coming after (the second generation)"[3]
The tābiʿūn are divided by most Muslim scholars into three classes:[4]
- The students of companions who accepted Islam before the conquest of Mecca
- The students of companions who accepted Islam after the conquest of Mecca
- The students of companions who were not yet adults at the time of Muhammad's passing
List of tābiʿūn
[edit]The first tābiʿ to die was Zayd ibn Ma'mar ibn Zayd, 30 years after thehijra,and the last to die was Khalaf ibn Khalifa, who died in 180 AH. Alternatively, since the status of Khalaf ibn Khalifa as a tābiʿ is strongly challenged by reputed scholars, the last to die from amongst them may have been Jarir bin Haazim in 170 AH. Therefore, many of the tābiʿūn were tasked with the preservation of Islamic traditions from the era of the companions to later Muslims.[4]
- Aban ibn Uthman
- Abbad ibn Abd Allah az-Zubair
- Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
- Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i
- Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla al-Kindi (d. 701), transmitter of traditions on Ali and the companions, joined the uprising ofIbn al-Ash'athand killed at theBattle of Dayr al-Jamajim.[5]
- Abu Muslim al-Khawlani
- Abu Hanifa(80 - 150 A.H.)[6][7]
- Ahnaf ibn Qais[8]
- Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
- Alqama ibn Qays
- Amr ibn Uthman
- Amir al-Sha'bi
- Ata ibn Abi Rabah(d. 106 A.H.)[8]
- Hammam ibn Munabbih
- Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah(d. 100 A.H.)
- Hasan al-Basri(21 - 110 A.H.)
- Ibn Jurayj
- Ibn Kathir al-Makki
- Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri(d. 124 A.H.)[8]
- Ibn Sirin
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Malik Dinar
- Masruq ibn al-Ajda'(d. 103 A.H.)[8]
- Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Mujahid ibn Jabr
- Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar
- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr(d. 103 A.H.)[8]
- Said ibn al-Musayyib(d. 93 A.H.)[8]
- Sa'id ibn Jubayr
- Salim ibn Abd-Allah
- Shaikh Habib Al-Raee[9]
- Sulaym ibn Qays
- Sulaiman al-Aʽmash
- Tawus ibn Kaysan
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Abd-Allah(d. 98 A.H.)[8]
- Umar II
- Urwah ibn Zubayr(d. 94 A.H.)[8]
- Uwais al-Qarani
- Wuhayb ibn al-Ward
- Yahya ibn Sa'd(d. 143 A.H.)[8]
- Zayd ibn Ali(d. 740C.E.(122 A.H.?))
- Al-Nakhai(d.714)[8]Al-Nakhai
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Glasse, Cyril (2001).The New Encyclopedia of Islam.Altamira. p.443.ISBN0-7591-0189-2.
- ^Esposito, John L. (2003).The Oxford Dictionary of Islam.Oxford University Press. p. 301.
- ^"CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts".usc.edu.Archived fromthe originalon 2008-12-05.
- ^abSiddiqi, Muhammad (1993).Hadith Literature(PDF).Oxford: The Islamic Texts Society. p. 29.ISBN0946621381.
- ^Morony, Michael G. (1984).Iraq after the Muslim Conquest.Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 435, 467.ISBN0-691-05395-2.
- ^Meri, Josef W. (October 31, 2005).Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia.Routledge. p. 5.ISBN9781135456030.
Abu Hanifa is counted among the most illustrious of the Tabi'un (literally "the successors," which refers to the second generation of Muslims), and some sources relate that he met at least four Companions of the Prophet
- ^Öncü Sûfîlerden Fudayl b.‘Iyâd’ın (öl. 187/802) İlmî Şahsiyeti. "Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11.24 (2020): 159-185."..Tabi'un are the people who followed Sahaba, the companions of the prophet), is one of the important names in the history of Islamic science. Fudayl, who was an Arab, spent his life in three regions: Khorasan, Kufa, and Mecca. Names such as Abu Hanifa, Mansur bin Mu'temir.. "
- ^abcdefghijUSC-MSA Compendium of Muslim TextsArchived2006-07-15 at theWayback Machine
- ^Hazrat Ali bin Usman Al-Hujwiri (2001).The Kashf Al-Mahjub:A Persian Treatise on Sufism.Justice Karam Shah. Zia-ul-Quran Publications Lahore Pakistan.
