Tadeusz Peiper

Tadeusz Peiper
Born	(1891-05-03)3 May 1891 Kraków,Grand Duchy of Kraków,Austria-Hungary
Died	10 November 1969(1969-11-10)(aged 78) Warsaw,Polish People's Republic
Language	Polish

Tadeusz Peiper(3 May 1891 – 10 November 1969) was a Polish poet, art critic, theoretician of literature and one of the precursors of theavant-gardemovement inPolish poetry.Born to aJewishfamily, Peiper converted toCatholicismas a young man and spent several years inSpain.He was a co-founder of theAwangarda krakowska('Kraków Avant-garde') group of writers.

In 1921, in theSecond Polish Republic,he founded theZwrotnica('Railroad switch') monthly, devoted mostly to avant-garde movements in contemporary poetry. Although short-lived, the magazine (issued until 1923 and then briefly reactivated between 1926 and 1927), paved the way for young poets of theAwangarda krakowskagroup, among themJulian Przyboś,Jan Brzękowski andJalu Kurek.Peiper also published three notable collections of poems, which were among the most notable pieces ofconstructivistPolish poetry. As an artist, Peiper believed that a writer should resemble a skilled craftsman, able to carefully plan his words. He coined the"3 x M"sloganMiasto, Masa, Maszyna('City, Mass, Machine'), one of thememesof Polish poetry of the 1920s. Soon afterWorld War IIhe wrote forTygodnik PowszechnyaboutAdam Mickiewicz.Until his retirement, Peiper worked forJerzy Borejsza.