Tahpanhes
30°51′38″N32°10′17″E/ 30.86056°N 32.17139°E
Tahpanhes
Tehaphnehes Daphnae, Taphnas (ancient Greek) Tell Defenneh | |
|---|---|
Ancient city | |
  Tahpanhes Location in Egypt | |
| Coordinates:30°51′38″N32°10′17″E/ 30.86056°N 32.17139°E | |
| Country |  Egypt |
| Time zone | UTC+2(EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | +3 |
TahpanhesorTehaphnehes(Phoenician:𐤕𐤇𐤐𐤍𐤇𐤎,romanized:TḤPNḤS;[1]Hebrew:תַּחְפַּנְחֵס,romanized:TaḥpanḥēsorHebrew:תְּחַפְנְחֵס,romanized:Tǝḥafnǝḥēs[a]) known by the Ancient Greeks as the (Pelusian)Daphnae(Ancient Greek:Δάφναι αἱ Πηλούσιαι)[2]andTaphnas(Ταφνας) in theSeptuagint,nowTell Defenneh,was a city inancient Egypt.It was located onLake Manzalaon the Tanitic branch of theNile,about 26 km (16 miles) fromPelusium.The site is now situated on theSuez Canal.
Name[edit]
The meaning of the name remains uncertain although it appears to be of anEgyptianorigin. Biblical scholarJohn L. McKenzierefers the name toT-h-p-nhsjmeaningFortress of the Nubian,whileWilliam Albrightadds it meansFortress ofPinehas.[3]DaressyandSpiegelbergconnect the name with the hieroglyphic wordTephen.[4][5]
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History[edit]
King Psammetichus(664–610 BC) established a garrison of foreign mercenaries at Daphnae, mostlyCariansandIonianGreeks (Herodotusii. 154).
According to theHebrew Bible,the Jews fromJerusalemfled to this place after the death ofGedaliahand settled there for a time (Jeremiah2:16;Jeremiah 43:7,8,9;44:1;46:14;Ezekiel30:18). After Jerusalem was destroyed in 586 BC, the Jewish refugees, includingJeremiah,came to Tahpanhes (Jeremiah 43–44).
A platform ofbrickwork,which has been tentatively described as the pavement at the entry ofPharaoh's palace, has been discovered at this place. "Here," says the discoverer,William Flinders Petrie,"the ceremony described by Jeremiah43:8–10;'brick-kiln' (i.e. pavement of brick) took place before the chiefs of the fugitives assembled on the platform, and hereNebuchadnezzar IIspread his royal pavilion ".[8]
WhenNaucratiswas given the monopoly of Greek traffic byAmasis II(570–526 BC), the Greeks were removed from Daphnae and its prosperity never returned; in Herodotus' time the deserted remains of the docks and buildings were visible.
According to thePhoenician papyrus letters,Phoenicians settled in the site.[9]
The site was discovered bySir William Matthew Flinders Petriein 1886; it was then known by natives as Qasr Bint al-Yahudi, the "Castle of the Jew's Daughter".[10]There is a massive fort and enclosure; the chief discovery was a large number of fragments of pottery, which are of great importance for the chronology of vase-painting, since they must belong to the time between Psammetichus and Amasis, i.e. the end of the 7th or the beginning of the 6th century BC. They show the characteristics of Ionian art, but their shapes and other details testify to their local manufacture.[11]
Egyptologist Noël Aimé-Giron proposed to identify Tahpanhes with the biblical location ofBaal-zephonbased on theSaqqara letter.[12]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^TheMasoretic Textuses the prior spelling in all occurrences except Ez. 30:18, where the latter is found.
- ^KAI50 (Phoenician papyrus letter)
- ^Herodotus (1907). "II.30,107".Histories.
- ^McKenzie, John(1995).The Dictionary Of The Bible(Reprint ed.).Simon & Schuster.p. 865.ISBN9780684819136.
- ^abWallis Budge, E. A. (1920).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic Alpha bets, etc. Vol II.John Murray.p.1056.
- ^abGauthier, Henri (1929).Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol.6.p. 41.
- ^abGauthier, Henri (1929).Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 6.p.73.
- ^Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic Alpha bets, etc. Vol II.John Murray.p.1059.
- ^William Flinders Petrie, “Tanis II., Nebesheh, and Defenneh,” Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund 4. London: Trübner & Co., 1888).
- ^קצנשטיין, ה. יעקב (1978)."'מחנה הצורים' אשר בנוף בארץ מצרים (The Camp of the Tyrians at Memphis) ".ארץ-ישראל: מחקרים בידיעת הארץ ועתיקותיה(in Hebrew).14:163.ISSN0071-108X.
- ^Volume 14,The Antiquary,1886
- ^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Daphnae".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 825.
- ^Noël Aimé-Giron, ‘Baʿal Saphon et les dieux de Tahpanhes dans un nouveau papyrus Phénicien’, ASAE (1941): 433–460.
References[edit]
- WMF Petrie, "Tanis II., Nebesheh, and Defenneh" (theMemoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund,1888)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Easton, Matthew George(1897). "Tahpanhes".Easton's Bible Dictionary(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
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