Talar

Atalarortalaar(Persian:تالار) is a type ofporchor hall inIranian architecture.It generally refers to aporchfronting a building, supported by columns, and open on one or three sides.^[1]^[2]The term is also applied more widely to denote a throne hall or audience hall with some of these features.^[1]

History

The columned hall or porch has its roots inancient Persia,as seen in theAchaemenidpalace inPersepolis,as well as inGreco-Romanhouses and possibly even in the tents ofCentral Asiannomads who moved into Iran over the centuries.^[1]Thetalarcan also refer to the representation of a throne carved on the rock-cut tomb ofDariusatNaqsh-e Rostam,near Persepolis, and above theporticowhich was copied from his palace.^[3]

Thetalarwas revived in Iranian architecture underAbbas I(r. 1588–1629) during theSafavid period.Safavid architects appropriated the idea of a columned hall from Achaemenid examples and used it in the design of new royal palaces and pavilions, most notably theAli QapuandChehel Sotounpalaces inIsfahanduring the 17th century.^[1]^[4]^[2]In these examples, thetalaris open on three sides.^[5]

Karim Khan Zand,the ruler ofShirazin the mid-18th century, borrowed from Safavid models and employed this feature in new ways for the design of his own palaces in Shiraz. Here, thetalarwas combined with aniwan(vaulted hall open to one side) to form pillared halls opening onto a courtyard on one side.^[6]

Under theQajar dynasty,which eventually captured Shiraz and reunified Iran at the end of the 18th century, this feature was imported to the new royal palaces in Tehran.^[6]^[5]Under the Qajars, atalarcould refer to a relatively simple hall open on one side with columns, such as theTalar e-Marmar(containing theTakht e-Marmar,the Marble Throne^[7]) built byFath Ali Shahin theGolestan Palacein the 19th century.^[5]Thetalarcontinued to be a popular design feature of aristocratic houses and pavilions in Shiraz, such as those of theQavam family.^[8]It was even employed during the early 20th century, under thePahlavi dynasty,as part of the Persianrevivalisttrends in architecture during this time.^[5]

Description

In ancient times, as depicted in the sculptured façade of Darius tomb at Persepolis show, thetalarhad three tiers, with Atlant statues upholding each.^[9]This design typified the subject-people of the monarch.^[9]

Thetalarbuilt by theQajar dynastyas part of the Golestan Palace is a spacious chamber with flat ceiling decorated with mirror panels.^[10]The walls are also decorated with mirror work calledaineh-kari,which produced numerous angles and coruscations.^[10]

References

^^a ^b ^c ^dBabaie, Sussan (2008).Isfahan and its Palaces: Statecraft, Shi`ism and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran.Edinburgh University Press. pp. 157–158.ISBN 978-0-7486-3376-0.
^^a ^bGrigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. p. 137.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.
^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Talar".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 366.
^Alemi, Mahvash; Pirani, Khalil K. (2013). "Persian Gardens and Courtyards: An Approach to the design of Contemporary Architecture". In Petruccioli, Attilo; Pirani, Khalil K. (eds.).Understanding Islamic Architecture.Routledge. p. 76.ISBN 978-1-136-85131-5.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGrigor, Talinn (2017). "Kings and Traditions in Différance: Antiquity Revisited in Post‐Safavid Iran". In Flood, Finbarr Barry; Necipoğlu, Gülru (eds.).A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture.Wiley Blackwell. pp. 1089–1097.ISBN 9781119068662.
^^a ^bGrigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. pp. 142–144.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.
^Grigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. pp. 142–144.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.
^Grigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. pp. 171–176.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.
^^a ^bBanerjee, Gauranga Nath (2012).Hellenism in Ancient India.Bremen: Outlook. p. 58.ISBN 978-3-86403-414-5.
^^a ^bCurzon, George N. (2005).Persia and the Persian Question: Volume One.Oxon: Routledge. p. 312.ISBN 9780714619699.

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[Babaie-1] Babaie, Sussan (2008).Isfahan and its Palaces: Statecraft, Shi`ism and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran.Edinburgh University Press. pp. 157–158.ISBN 978-0-7486-3376-0.

[:3-2] Grigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. p. 137.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.

[EB1911-3] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Talar".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 366.

[4] Alemi, Mahvash; Pirani, Khalil K. (2013). "Persian Gardens and Courtyards: An Approach to the design of Contemporary Architecture". In Petruccioli, Attilo; Pirani, Khalil K. (eds.).Understanding Islamic Architecture.Routledge. p. 76.ISBN 978-1-136-85131-5.

[Grigor-5] Grigor, Talinn (2017). "Kings and Traditions in Différance: Antiquity Revisited in Post‐Safavid Iran". In Flood, Finbarr Barry; Necipoğlu, Gülru (eds.).A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture.Wiley Blackwell. pp. 1089–1097.ISBN 9781119068662.

[:4-6] Grigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. pp. 142–144.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.

[7] Grigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. pp. 142–144.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.

[8] Grigor, Talinn (2021).The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture.Penn State Press. pp. 171–176.ISBN 978-0-271-08968-3.

[:1-9] Banerjee, Gauranga Nath (2012).Hellenism in Ancient India.Bremen: Outlook. p. 58.ISBN 978-3-86403-414-5.

[:0-10] Curzon, George N. (2005).Persia and the Persian Question: Volume One.Oxon: Routledge. p. 312.ISBN 9780714619699.

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History

Description

See also

References