Tan Liok Tiauw
Tan Liok Tiauw Sia | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1872 |
| Died | 1947 (aged 74–75) Batavia, Dutch East Indies |
| Occupation(s) | Landheer,plantation owner, industrialist |
| Years active | 1890s-1940s |
| Children | Corry Tan Pouw Nio (daughter) August Tan Ts gian g Kie (son) Jan Tan Ts gian g Bie (son) |
| Parents |
|
| Family | Loa Sek Hie(son-in-law) Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen(brother-in-law) Tan Eng Goan, Majoor der Chinezen(great-grandfather) |
Tan Liok Tiauw Sia(1872 - 1947) was a prominentChinese-Indonesianlandowner, planter and industrial pioneer in the latecolonial period,best known today as the lastLandheer(or landlord) of Batoe-Tjepper, now the district ofBatuceper.[1][2][3][4]
History
[edit]Family background
[edit]Born inTangerang,Dutch East Indiesin 1872, Tan hailed from a family of landlords and Chinese officers, part of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of colonial Indonesia.[4]The Chinese officership was a high-ranking government position in the civil bureaucracy of the Dutch East Indies, consisting of the ranks ofMajoor, KapiteinandLuitenant der Chinezen.[5]
His father,Tan Tiang Po,served as Luitenant der Chinezen in Tangerang from 1877 until 1885, while his grandfather,Luitenant Tan Kang Soey,sat on the Chinese Council (Dutch: 'Chinese Raad'; Hokkien: 'Kong Koan') ofBataviaor modern-dayJakarta,capital ofIndonesia.[6][7][4]Tan's paternal great-grandfather was the tycoonTan Leng(died in 1852), who was part of the powerfulNgo Ho T gian gopium partnership.[8][9]Through his mother, Lim Hong Nio, Tan was a grandson ofLim Soe Keng Siaand Tan Bit Nio, as well as a great-grandson ofTan Eng Goan,thefirst Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia(1802-1872).[4]As a descendant of Chinese officers, Tan Liok Tiauw held the hereditary title ofSiafrom birth.[10]
Tan's sister, Tan Him Nio, was married toKhouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen(died in 1908).[4]His daughter, Corry Tan Pouw Nio (1900-1961), was married in November 1917 to the prominent, half-Austrian, colonial politicianLoa Sek Hie(1898-1965).[11][12][4]He also had two sons born to two different concubines: August Tan Ts gian g Kie and Jan Tan Ts gian g Bie.[4]
Life
[edit]
Tan grew up between his family's townhouse in downtown Batavia and their principal private domain, theparticuliere landerijof Batoe-Tjepper, an agricultural estate in Tangerang.[12][1]He was given a traditional Chinese education, but also had a private Dutch tutor.[12]
Tan's father, Luitenant Tan Tiang Po, retired from his role as Landheer in the late 1880s, and handed over the management of Batoe-Tjepper to his son.[4][1]Aged only 16, Tan Liok Tiauw not only improved the running of Batoe-Tjepper, but further developed an existing factory on the estate that manufactured building materials, roof-tiles and other terracotta products.[4][1]Many important colonial buildings in Java, in particular in Batavia, were built using materials from the factory.[13][14][15]In July 1923, Tan hostedDirk Fock,the 30thGovernor-General of the Dutch East Indiesat Batoe-Tjepper as part of the latter's official visit to Tangerang.[16]
Tan inherited other agricultural landholdings from his father on the latter's death in 1912.[17][18]Many of these estates were consolidated in the landholding firmN.V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tan Tiang Po,which was incorporated in 1899.[19]The company controlled the private domains ofRawa Buaya,Tanah Kodja,Pondok Kosambi,Minggoe Djawa andKapoek,stretching from the western part of modern-day Jakarta to Tangerang.[2]A wide range of agricultural crops were cultivated on these landholdings: ranging from rice, coconut, other fruits and vegetables, and on to grass foranimal feed.[2]
Tan acquired a number of other business ventures. Together with the philanthropistO. G. Khouw(his brother-in-law's cousin) and D. N. van Stralendorff, he took over the tea and rubber estates of Tendjo Ayoe and Perbakti in thePreanger highlandsin 1907.[20][21][22]These plantations were among the largest privately-owned estates inSukabumi,and had been established in the 1870s by the tea pioneer B. B. J. Crone, an uncle of theIndo-DutchwriterE. du Perron.[23][24][25][26]
As Director, Tan Liok Tiauw also headedN. V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tandjong West,a syndicate of landlords which purchased the old, eighteenth-century ‘particuliere land’ or estate ofTandjong Westin 1917, today part ofJagakarsainSouth Jakarta.[27][28]Beyond Java, Tan acquiredHacienda del CocoinLampungon the southern tip ofSumatra,a formerly struggling British-owned plantation, founded byThe Lampong Coconut Estates, Ltd.[29][30]These Sumatran estates grew coconut and pepper, and — like many of Tan's other landholdings — were run by professional European estate managers.[29]
Tan died in 1947 in Batavia, was buried at his family's private burial grounds at Kebon Besar in Batoe-Tjepper, Tangerang.[4]
References
[edit]- ^abcd"Batoe Tjeper Cultuur".colonialbusinessindonesia.nl.Retrieved29 December2017.
- ^abcRegeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië(in Dutch). Landsdrukkerij. 1933.
- ^Setyautama, Sam (2008).Tokoh-tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.ISBN9789799101259.
- ^abcdefghijHaryono, Steve (2017).Perkawinan Strategis: Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir-opsir Tionghoa Dan 'Cabang Atas' Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke-19 Dan 20.Steve Haryono.ISBN9789090302492.Retrieved16 August2018.
- ^Lohanda, Mona (1996).The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942: A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society.Djambatan.ISBN9789794282571.Retrieved5 April2018.
- ^Almanak van Nederlandsch-Indië voor het jaar 1861(in Dutch). Batavia: Lands Drukkery. 1861.
- ^Indies, Dutch East (1881).Regeerings-almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indie(in Dutch). Batavia.Retrieved19 September2018.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Pax Benedanto; Marcus A. S. (2012).Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa 5(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.ISBN9789799023759.Retrieved19 September2018.
- ^Chen, Menghong (2011).De Chinese gemeenschap van Batavia, 1843-1865: een onderzoek naar het Kong Koan-archief(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.ISBN9789087281335.Retrieved19 September2018.
- ^Blussâe, Lâeonard; Chen, Menghong (2003).The Archives of the Kong Koan of Batavia.Leiden: BRILL.ISBN9004131574.
- ^"Familiebericht".Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië.No. 269. NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen. 14 November 1917.
- ^abcSuryadinata, Leo (2015).Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches(4th ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.ISBN9789814620505.
- ^"Sistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar Budaya".cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id.Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Ministry of Education and Culture). Archived fromthe originalon 2018-01-31.Retrieved2018-01-31.
- ^Mulyani, Ade (2011).Jakarta: panduan wisata tanpa mal(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.ISBN9789792258202.
- ^Kompas Cyber Media."Mengenal Perbankan Masa Lalu - Kompas".KOMPAS.Kompas.
- ^"De Gouverneur-generaal naar Tangerang".De Sumatra Post.J. Hallermann. 20 July 1923.
- ^"Practisch".Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië.No. Jaargang 17. Nummer 196. NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen. 23 August 1912.Retrieved19 September2018.
- ^De Indische gids(in Dutch). Batavia. 1912.Retrieved19 September2018.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^"Tan Tiang Po Landbouw".colonialbusinessindonesia.nl.Retrieved29 December2017.
- ^"Koloniale Collectie (KIT) — Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden".archive.is.Universiteit Leiden. 15 March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^Regeerings almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië(in Dutch). Batavia. 1913.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Lucas, Anton; Warren, Carol (2013).Land for the People: The State and Agrarian Conflict in Indonesia.Ohio: Ohio University Press.ISBN9780896802872.
- ^Ukers, William Harrison (1935).All about Tea.New York: Tea and coffee trade journal Company.
- ^"B. B. J. Crone".Soerabaijasch handelsblad.Kolff & Co. Kolff & Co. 12 July 1938.
- ^Hendarti, Latipah (2007).Menepis Kabut Halimun: Rangkaian Bunga Rampai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam di Halimun(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.ISBN9786024331313.Retrieved27 March2019.
- ^"Kees Snoek, E. du Perron. Het leven van een smalle mens".Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren(in Dutch).Retrieved27 March2019.
- ^"Tandjong West Landbouw".Colonial Business Indonesia.Leiden University.Retrieved25 February2018.
- ^Dutch East Indies Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel (1918).Korte berichten voor landbouw, nijverheid en handel(in Dutch). Batavia.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ab"The Straits Times".LAMPONG COCONUT ESTATES.March 20, 1913.Retrieved19 September2018.
- ^Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur (1918).Lijst van Ondernemingen.Dutch East Indies: Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur. p. 26.