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Ted Williams

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For other people named Ted Williams, seeTed Williams (disambiguation).

Ted Williams
Williams in 1949
Left fielder/Manager
Born:(1918-08-30)August 30, 1918
San Diego, California,U.S.
Died:July 5, 2002(2002-07-05)(aged 83)
Inverness, Florida,U.S.
Batted:Left
Threw:Right
MLB debut
April 20, 1939, for the Boston Red Sox
Last MLB appearance
September 28, 1960, for the Boston Red Sox
MLB statistics
Batting average.344
Hits2,654
Home runs521
Runs batted in1,839
On-base percentage.482
Managerial record273–364
Winning %.429
Teams
As player

As manager

Career highlights and awards
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction1966
Vote93.4% (first ballot)

Theodore Samuel Williams(August 30, 1918 – July 5, 2002) was an American professionalbaseballplayer andmanager.He played his entire 19-yearMajor League Baseball(MLB) career, primarily as aleft fielder,for theBoston Red Soxfrom 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service duringWorld War IIand theKorean War.Nicknamed "Teddy Ballgame","the Kid","the Splendid Splinter",and"the Thumper",Williams is widely regarded as one of the greatest hitters in baseball history and to date is the last player tohit over.400in a season. His.482on-base percentageis the highest of all time.

Williams was a nineteen-timeAll-Star,a two-time recipient of theAmerican League(AL)Most Valuable Player Award,a six-time ALbatting champion,and a two-timeTriple Crownwinner. He finished his playing career with a.344batting average,521home runs,and a 1.116on-base plus slugging percentage,the second highest of all time. His career batting average is the highest of any MLB player whose career was played primarily in thelive-ball era,and ranks 8th all-time.

Born and raised inSan Diego,Williams played baseball throughout his youth. After joining the Red Sox in 1939, he immediately emerged as one of the sport's best hitters. In 1941, Williams posted a.406 batting average; he is the lastMLB player to bat over.400 in a season.He followed this up by winning his firstTriple Crownin 1942. Williams was required to interrupt his baseball career in 1943 to serve three years in theUnited States NavyandMarine CorpsduringWorld War II.Upon returning to MLB in 1946, Williams won his first AL MVP Award and played in his onlyWorld Series.In 1947, he won his second Triple Crown. Williams was returned to active military duty for portions of the 1952 and 1953 seasons to serve as a Marine combat aviator in theKorean War.In 1957 and 1958 at the ages of 39 and 40, respectively, he was the AL batting champion for the fifth and sixth time.

Williams retired from playing in 1960. He was inducted into theBaseball Hall of Famein1966,in his first year of eligibility.[1]Williams managed theWashington Senators/Texas Rangersfranchise from 1969 to 1972. An avidsport fisherman,he hosted a television program about fishing, and was inducted into theIGFA Fishing Hall of Fame.[2]Williams' involvement in theJimmy Fundhelped raise millions in dollars for cancer care and research. In 1991, PresidentGeorge H. W. Bushpresented Williams with thePresidential Medal of Freedom,the highest civilian award bestowed by the United States government. He was selected for theMajor League Baseball All-Time Teamin 1997 and theMajor League Baseball All-Century Teamin 1999.

Early life[edit]

Williams was born inSan Diego, California,on August 30, 1918,[3]and named "Teddy Samuel Williams" after former presidentTheodore "Teddy" Rooseveltas well as his father, Samuel Stuart Williams.[4]Williams himself claimed that his middle name was in honor of a maternal uncle (whose actual name was Daniel Venzor) who had been killed inWorld War I.He disliked the name "Teddy" and later amended his birth certificate to say "Theodore" instead.[5]

His father was a soldier, sheriff, and photographer fromArdsley, New York,who had served in theU.S. Armyand was a veteran ofPhilippine–American War.[6][7]while his mother, May Venzor, a Spanish-Mexican-American fromEl Paso, Texas,was an evangelist and lifelong soldier in theSalvation Army.[4]Williams resented his mother's long hours working in the Salvation Army,[8]and Williams and his brother cringed when she took them to the Army's street-corner revivals.[9]

Williams' paternal ancestors were a mix ofWelsh,English, and Irish. The maternal, Spanish-Mexican side of Williams' family was quite diverse, havingBasque,Russian, andAmerican Indianroots.[10]Of his Mexican ancestry he said that "If I had my mother's name, there is no doubt I would have run into problems in those days, [considering] the prejudices people had in Southern California."[11]

Williams lived in San Diego'sNorth Parkneighborhood (4121 Utah Street).[12]At the age of eight, he was taught how to throw a baseball by his uncle, Saul Venzor. Saul was one of his mother's four brothers, as well as a formersemi-professionalbaseball player who had pitched againstBabe Ruth,Lou Gehrig,andJoe Gordonin an exhibition game.[13]As a child, Williams' heroes werePepper Martinof theSt. Louis CardinalsandBill Terryof theNew York Giants.[14]Williams graduated fromHerbert Hoover High Schoolin San Diego, where he played baseball as apitcherand was the star of the team.[15]During this time, he also playedAmerican Legion Baseball,later being named the 1960 American Legion Baseball Graduate of the Year.[16]

Though he had offers from the St. Louis Cardinals and theNew York Yankeeswhile he was still in high school,[17]his mother thought he was too young to leave home, so he signed up with the local minor league club, theSan Diego Padres.[18]

Professional career[edit]

Minor leagues (1936–1938)[edit]

Williams played back-up behindVince DiMaggioandIvey Shiveron the (then)Pacific Coast League'sSan Diego Padres.While in the Pacific Coast League in 1936, Williams met future teammates and friendsDom DiMaggioandBobby Doerr,who were on the Pacific Coast League'sSan Francisco Seals.[19]When Shiver announced he was quitting to become a high school football coach inSavannah, Georgia,the job, by default, was open for Williams.[20]Williams posted a.271batting averageon 107at batsin 42 games for the Padres in 1936.[20]Unknown to Williams, he had caught the eye of the Boston Red Sox's general manager,Eddie Collins,while Collins was scouting Bobby Doerr and theshortstopGeorge Myattin August 1936.[20][21]

Collins later explained, "It wasn't hard to find Ted Williams. He stood out like a brown cow in a field of white cows."[20]In the 1937 season, after graduating from Hoover High in the winter, Williams finally broke into the line-up on June 22, when he hit aninside-the-park home runto help the Padres win 3–2. The Padres ended up winning the PCL title, while Williams ended up hitting.291 with 23 home runs.[20]Meanwhile, Collins kept in touch with Padres general manager Bill Lane, calling him two times throughout the season. In December 1937, during thewinter meetings,the deal was made between Lane and Collins, sending Williams to theBoston Red Soxand giving Lane $35,000 and two major leaguers, Dom D'Allessandro andAl Niemiec,and two other minor leaguers.[22]

In 1938, the 19-year-old Williams was 10 days late tospring trainingcamp inSarasota, Florida,because of a flood in California that blocked the railroads. Williams had to borrow $200 from a bank to make the trip from San Diego to Sarasota.[23]Also during spring training Williams was nicknamed "the Kid" by Red Sox equipment manager Johnny Orlando, who after Williams arrived to Sarasota for the first time, said, "'The Kid' has arrived ". Orlando still called Williams" the Kid "20 years later,[23]and the nickname stuck with Williams the rest of his life.[24]Williams remained in major league spring training for about a week.[23]Williams was then sent to theDouble-A-leagueMinneapolis Millers.[25]While in the Millers training camp for the springtime, Williams metRogers Hornsby,who had hit over.400 three times, including a.424 average in 1924.[26]Hornsby, who was a coach for the Millers that spring,[26]gave Williams useful advice, including how to "get a good pitch to hit".[25]Talking with the game's greats would become a pattern for Williams, who also talked withHugh Duffy,who hit.438 in 1894,Bill Terrywho hit.401 in 1930, andTy Cobbwith whom he would argue that abattershould hit up on the ball, opposed to Cobb's view that a batter should hit down on the ball.[27]

While in Minnesota, Williams quickly became the team's star.[28]He collected his first hit in the Millers' first game of the season, as well as his first and second home runs during his third game. Both were inside-the-parkhome runs,with the second traveling an estimated 500 feet (150 m) on the fly to a 512-foot (156 m)center field fence.[28]Williams later had a 22 gamehitting streakthat lasted from Memorial Day through mid-June.[28]While the Millers ended up sixth place in an eight-team race,[28]Williams ended up hitting.366 with 46 home runs and 142 RBIs. He received theAmerican Association'sTriple Crownand finished second in the voting forMost Valuable Player.[29]

Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960)[edit]

1939–1940[edit]

Williams his rookie year

Williams came to spring training three days late in 1939, thanks to Williams driving from California to Florida, as well as respiratory problems, the latter of which would plague Williams for the rest of his career.[30]In the winter, the Red Sox traded right fielderBen Chapmanto theCleveland Indiansto make room for Williams on the roster, even though Chapman had hit.340 in the previous season.[31]This ledBoston Globesports journalistGerry Moore to quip, "Not since Joe DiMaggio broke in with the Yankees by" five for five "in St. Petersburg in 1936 has any baseball rookie received the nationwide publicity that has been accorded this spring to Theodore Francis [sic] Williams ".[30]Williams inherited Chapman's number 9 on his uniform as opposed to Williams' number 5 in the previous spring training. He made hismajor leaguedebut against the New York Yankees on April 20, going 1-for-4 against Yankee pitcherRed Ruffing.[32]

This was the only game which featured both Williams andLou Gehrigplaying against one another.[33]In his first series atFenway Park,Williams hit adouble,a home run, and atriple,the first two againstCotton Pippen,who gave Williams his first strikeout as a professional while Williams had been in San Diego.[34]By July, Williams was hitting just.280, but leading the league in RBIs.[34]Johnny Orlando, now Williams' friend, then gave Williams a quick pep talk, telling Williams that he should hit.335 with 35 home runs and he would drive in 150 runs. Williams said he would buy Orlando aCadillacif this all came true.[35]Williams ended up hitting.327 with 31 home runs and 145 RBIs,[32]leading the league in the latter category, the first rookie to lead the league in RBIs and finishing fourth in MVP voting.[36]He also led the AL in walks, with 107, a rookie record. Even though there was not aRookie of the Yearaward yet in 1939, Babe Ruth declared Williams to be the Rookie of the Year, which Williams later said was "good enough for me".[37]

Williams' pay doubled in 1940, going from $5,000 to $10,000.[38]A new bullpen was added in right field ofFenway Park,reducing the distance from home plate from 400 feet to 380 feet and earning the nickname "Williamsburg" for being "obviously designed for Williams".[39]Williams was then switched from right field toleft field,as there would be less sun in his eyes, and it would giveDom DiMaggioa chance to play center. Finally, Williams was flip-flopped in the order with the great sluggerJimmie Foxx,with the idea that Williams would get more pitches to hit.[39]Pitchers, though, proved willing topitch aroundthe eagle-eyed Williams in favor of facing the 32-year-old Foxx, the reigning AL home run champion, followed by the still highly productive 33-year-oldJoe Cronin,theplayer-manager.[40]Williams also made his first of 16All-Star Gameappearances in 1940, going 0-for-2.[41]Although Williams hit.344, his power and runs batted in were down from the previous season, with 23 home runs and 113 RBIs.[32]Williams also caused a controversy in mid-August when he called his salary "peanuts", along with saying he hated the city of Boston and reporters, leading reporters to lash back at him, saying that he should be traded.[42]Williams said that the "only real fun" he had in 1940 was being able to pitch once on August 24, when he pitched the last two innings in a 12–1 loss to theDetroit Tigers,allowing one earned run on three hits, while striking out one batter,Rudy York.[43][44]

1941[edit]

Williams' 1940Play Ballbaseball card

In the second week of spring training in 1941, Williams broke a bone in his right ankle, limiting him topinch hittingfor the first two weeks of the season.[45]Bobby Doerr later claimed that the injury would be the foundation of Williams' season, as it forced him to put less pressure on his right foot for the rest of the season.[46]Against theChicago White Soxon May 7, inextra innings,Williams told the Red Sox pitcher,Charlie Wagner,to hold the White Sox, since he was going to hit a home run. In the 11th inning, Williams' prediction came true, as he hit a big blast to help the Red Sox win.

The home run is still considered to be the longest home run ever hit in the oldComiskey Park,some saying that it went 600 feet (180 m).[47]Williams' average slowly climbed in the first half of May, and on May 15, he started a 22-game hitting streak. From May 17 to June 1, Williams batted.536, with his season average going above.400 on May 25 and then continuing up to.430.[48]By the All-Star break, Williams was hitting.406 with 62 RBIs and 16 home runs.[49]

In the1941 All-Star Game,Williams batted fourth behindJoe DiMaggio,who was in the midst of his record-breaking hitting streak, having hit safely in 48 consecutive games.[50]In the fourth inning Williams doubled to drive in a run.[51]With the National League (NL) leading 5–2 in the eighth inning, Williams struck out in the middle of an American League (AL) rally.[50]In the ninth inning the AL still trailed 5–3;Ken KeltnerandJoe Gordonsingled, andCecil Traviswalkedto load the bases.[51]DiMaggio grounded to the infield andBilly Herman,attempting to complete adouble play,threw wide of first base, allowing Keltner to score. With the score 5–4 and runners on first and third, Williams homered with his eyes closed to secure a 7–5 AL win. Williams later said that that game-winning home run "remains to this day the most thrilling hit of my life".[52]

In late August, Williams was hitting.402.[53]Williams said that "just about everybody was rooting for me" to hit.400 in the season, including Yankee fans, who gave pitcherLefty Gomeza "hell of a boo" after walking Williams with the bases loaded after Williams had gotten three straight hits one game in September.[54]In mid-September, Williams was hitting.413, but dropped a point a game from then on.[53]Before the final two games on September 28, adoubleheaderagainst thePhiladelphia Athletics,he was batting.39955, which would have been officially rounded up to.400.[53]Red Sox managerJoe Croninoffered him the chance to sit out the final day, but he declined. "If I'm going to be a.400 hitter", he said at the time, "I want more than my toenails on the line." Williams went 6-for-8 on the day, finishing the season at.406.[55](Sacrifice flies were counted as at-bats in 1941; under today's rules, Williams would have hit between.411 and.419, based on contemporaneous game accounts.[55]) Philadelphia fans ran out on the field to surround Williams after the game, forcing him to protect his hat from being stolen; he was helped into the clubhouse by his teammates.[56]Along with his.406 average, Williams also hit 37home runsand batted in 120 runs, missing the triple crown by five RBI.[32]

Williams' 1941 season is often considered to be the best offensive season of all time, though the MVP award would go to DiMaggio. The.406 batting average—his first of six batting championships—is still the highest single-season average inRed Soxhistory and the highest batting average in the major leagues since 1924, and the last time any major league player has hit over.400 for a season after averaging at least 3.1 plate appearances per game. ( "If I had known hitting.400 was going to be such a big deal", he quipped in 1991, "I would have done it again."[55]) Williams'on-base percentageof.553 andslugging percentageof.735 that season are both also the highest single-season averages in Red Sox history. The.553 OBP stood as a major league record until it was broken byBarry Bondsin 2002 and his.735 slugging percentage was the highest mark in the major leagues between 1932 and 1994. HisOPSof 1.287 that year, a Red Sox record, was the highest in the major leagues between 1923 and 2001. Despite playing in only 143 games that year, Williams led the league with 135 runs scored and 37 home runs, and he finished third with 335 total bases, the most home runs, runs scored, and total bases by a Red Sox player sinceJimmie Foxx's in 1938.[57]Williams placed second in MVP voting; DiMaggio won, 291 votes to 254,[58]on the strength of his record-breaking56-game hitting streakand league-leading 125 RBI.[59]

1942–1945[edit]

U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps[edit]

1942 - Ted Williams (Right) while flight training at the Turners Falls, MA Airport

In January 1942,[60]Williams wasdraftedinto the military, being put intoClass 1-A.A friend of Williams suggested that Williams see the advisor of the governor's Selective Service Appeal Agent, since Williams was the sole support of his mother, arguing that Williams should not have been placed in Class 1-A, and said Williams should be reclassified toClass 3-A.[60]Williams was reclassified to 3-A ten days later.[61]Afterwards, the public reaction was extremely negative,[62]even though the baseball bookSeason of '42states only four All-Stars and one first-line pitcher entered military service during the 1942 season. (Many more MLB players would enter service during the 1943 season.)[63]

Quaker Oatsstopped sponsoring Williams, and Williams, who previously had eaten Quaker products "all the time", never "[ate] one since" the company stopped sponsoring him.[61]Despite the trouble with the draft board, Williams had a new salary of $30,000 in 1942.[61]In the season, Williams won the Triple Crown,[59]with a.356 batting average, 36 home runs, and 137 RBIs.[32]On May 21, Williams also hit his 100th career home run.[64]He was the third Red Sox player to hit 100 home runs with the team, following his teammates Jimmie Foxx andJoe Cronin.[citation needed]Despite winning the Triple Crown, Williams came in second in the MVP voting, losing to Joe Gordon of the Yankees. Williams felt that he should have gotten a "little more consideration" because of winning the Triple Crown, and he thought that "the reason I didn't get more consideration was because of the trouble I had with the draft [boards]".[59]

Williams joined theNavy Reserveon May 22, 1942, went on active duty in 1943, and wascommissionedasecond lieutenantin theUnited States Marine Corpsas anaval aviatoron May 2, 1944. Williams also played on the baseball team inChapel Hill, North Carolina,along with his Red Sox teammateJohnny Peskyin pre-flight training, after eight weeks inAmherst, Massachusetts,and the Civilian Pilot Training Course.[65]While on the baseball team, Williams was sent back to Fenway Park on July 12, 1943, to play on an All-Star team managed by Babe Ruth. The newspapers reported that Babe Ruth said when finally meeting Williams, "Hiya, kid. You remind me a lot of myself. I love to hit. You're one of the most natural ballplayers I've ever seen. And if my record is broken, I hope you're the one to do it".[66]Williams later said he was "flabbergasted" by the incident, as "after all, it was Babe Ruth".[66]In the game, Williams hit a 425-foot home run to help give the American League All-Stars a 9–8 win.[67]

Service baseball[edit]

On September 2, 1945, when the war ended, Lt. Williams was inPearl Harbor, Hawaiiawaiting orders as a replacement pilot. While in Pearl Harbor, Williams played baseball in the Navy League. Also in that eight-team league wereJoe DiMaggio,Joe Gordon,andStan Musial.The ServiceWorld Serieswith the Army versus the Navy attracted crowds of 40,000 for each game. The players said it was even better than the actual World Series being played between theDetroit TigersandChicago Cubsthat year.[68]

1946–1949[edit]

1948 baseball card

Williams was discharged by the Marine Corps on January 28, 1946, in time to begin preparations for the upcoming pro baseball season.[69][70]He joined the Red Sox again in 1946, signing a $37,500 contract.[71]On July 14, after Williams hit three home runs and eight RBIs in the first game of a doubleheader,Lou Boudreau,inspired by Williams' consistent pull hitting to right field, created what would later be known as theBoudreau shift(alsoWilliams shift) against Williams, having only one player on the left side of second base (the left fielder). Ignoring the shift, Williams walked twice, doubled, and grounded out to the shortstop, who was positioned in between first and second base.[72][73]Also during 1946, theAll-Star Gamewas held in Fenway Park. In the game, Williams homered in the fourth inning againstKirby Higbe,singled in a run in the fifth inning, singled in the seventh inning, and hit a three-run home run againstRip Sewell's "eephus pitch"in the eighth inning to help the American League win 12–0.[74]

For the 1946 season, Williams hit.342 with 38 home runs and 123 RBIs,[32]helping the Red Sox win the pennant on September 13, in a 1–0 win over Cleveland; Williams hit the only inside-the-park home run in his Major League career for the only run of the game.[75]On June 9, he hit what is considered to be the longest home run in Fenway Park history, at 502 feet (153 m) and subsequently marked with alone red seatin the Fenway bleachers.[76]Williams ran away as the winner in the MVP voting.[77]During an exhibition game in Fenway Park against an All-Star team during early October, Williams was hit on the elbow by acurveballby the Washington Senators' pitcherMickey Haefner.Williams was immediately taken out of the game, and X-rays of his arm showed no damage, but his arm was "swelled up like a boiled egg", according to Williams.[78]Williams could not swing a bat again until four days later, one day before the World Series, when he reported the arm as "sore".[78]During the series, Williams batted.200, going 5-for-25 with no home runs and just one RBI. The Red Sox lost in seven games.[79]Fifty years later when asked what one thing he would have done different in his life, Williams replied, "I'd have done better in the '46 World Series. God, I would".[78]The1946 World Serieswas the only World Series Williams ever appeared in.[80]

Williams signed a $70,000 contract in 1947.[81]Williams was also almost traded for Joe DiMaggio in 1947. In late April, Red Sox ownerTom Yawkeyand Yankees ownerDan Toppingagreed to swap the players, but a day later canceled the deal when Yawkey requested thatYogi Berracome with DiMaggio.[82]In May, Williams was hitting.337.[83]Williams won the Triple Crown in 1947, but lost the MVP award to Joe DiMaggio, 202 points to 201 points. One writer left Williams off his ballot. Williams thought it was Mel Webb, whom Williams called a "grouchy old guy",[84]although it now appears it was not Webb.[85]Williams was the third major league player to have had at least four 30-home run and 100-RBI seasons in their first five years, joiningChuck KleinandJoe DiMaggio,and followed byRalph Kiner,Mark Teixeira,Albert Pujols,andRyan Braunthrough 2011.[86]

In 1948, under their new manager, the ex-New York Yankee great skipperJoe McCarthy,[87]Williams hit a league-leading.369 with 25 home runs and 127 RBIs, and was third in MVP voting.[32]On April 29, Williams hit his 200th career home run. He became just the second player to hit 200 home runs in a Red Sox uniform, joining his former teammate Jimmie Foxx.[32]On October 2, against the Yankees, Williams hit his 222nd career home run, tying Foxx for the Red Sox all-time record.[88]In the Red Sox' final two games of the regular schedule, they beat the Yankees (to force aone-game playoffagainst the Cleveland Indians) and Williams got on base eight times out of ten plate appearances.[87]In the playoff, Williams went 1-for-4, with the Red Sox losing 8–3.[89]

In 1949, Williams received a new salary of $100,000 ($1,281,000 in current dollar terms).[90]He hit.343 (losing the AL batting title by just.0002 to the Tigers'George Kell,thus missing the Triple Crown that year), hitting 43 home runs, his career high, and driving in 159 runs, tied for highest in the league, and at one point, he got on base in 84 straight games, an MLB record that still stands today, helping him win the MVP trophy.[32][91]On April 28, Williams hit his 223rd career home run, breaking the record for most home runs in a Red Sox uniform, passing Jimmie Foxx.[92]Williams is still the Red Sox career home run leader. However, despite being ahead of the Yankees by one game just before a 2-game series against them (last regular-season games for both teams),[87]the Red Sox lost both of those games and the Yankees won the pennant.[93]They went on to win the first of what would be five straight World Series titles, beginning with 1949. For the rest of Williams' career, the Yankees won nine pennants and six World Series titles, while the Red Sox never finished better than third place.[94][95]

1950–1955[edit]

1954 baseball card

In 1950, Williams was playing in his eighth All-Star Game. In the first inning, Williams caught a line drive byRalph Kiner,slamming into the Comiskey Park scoreboard and breaking his left arm.[96]Williams played the rest of the game, and he even singled in a run to give the American League the lead in the fifth inning,[41]but by that time Williams' arm was a "balloon" and he was in great pain, so he left the game.[97]Both of the doctors who X-rayed Williams held little hope for a full recovery. The doctors operated on Williams for two hours.[98]When Williams took his cast off, he could only extend the arm to within four inches of his right arm.[99]Williams only played 89 games in 1950.[32]After the baseball season, Williams' elbow hurt so much he considered retirement, since he thought he would never be able to hit again.Tom Yawkey,the Red Sox owner, then sent Jack Fadden to Williams' Florida home to talk to Williams. Williams later thanked Fadden for saving his career.[100]

In 1951, Williams "struggled" to hit.318, with his elbow still hurting.[101]Williams also played in 148 games, 60 more than Williams had played the previous season, 30 home runs, two more than he had hit in 1950, and 126 RBIs, twenty-nine more than 1950. Despite his lower-than-usual production at bat, Williams made the All-Star team.[41]On May 15, 1951, Williams became the 11th player in major league history to hit 300 career home runs. On May 21, Williams passedChuck Kleinfor 10th place, on May 25 Williams passed Hornsby for ninth place, and on July 5 Williams passedAl Simmonsfor eighth placeall-time in career home runs.[102]After the season, managerSteve O'Neillwas fired, withLou Boudreaureplacing him. Boudreau's first announcement as manager was that all Red Sox players were "expendable", including Williams.[101]

U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)[edit]

Williams' name was called from a list of inactive reserves to serve on active duty in the Korean War on January 9, 1952. Williams, who was livid at his recalling, had aphysicalscheduled for April 2.[103]Williams passed his physical and in May, after only playing in six major league games, began refresher flight training and qualification prior to service in Korea. Right before he left for Korea, the Red Sox had a "Ted Williams Day" in Fenway Park. Friends of Williams gave him a Cadillac, and the Red Sox gave Williams a memory book that was signed by 400,000 fans. The governor of Massachusetts and mayor of Boston were there, along with a Korean War veteran named Frederick Wolf who used a wheelchair for mobility. At the end of the ceremony, everyone in the park held hands and sang "Auld Lang Syne"to Williams, a moment which he later said" moved me quite a bit. "[104]Private Wolf (an injured Korean veteran from Brooklyn) presented gifts from wounded veterans to Ted Williams. Ted choked and was only able to say, "... ok kid...". The Red Sox went on to win the game 5–3, thanks to a two-run home run by Williams in the seventh inning.[104]

In August 1953, Williams practiced with the Red Sox for ten days before playing in his first game, garnering a large ovation from the crowd and hitting a home run in the eighth inning.[105]In the season, Williams ended up hitting.407 with 13 home runs and 34 RBIs in 37 games and 110 at bats (not nearly enough plate appearances to qualify for that season's batting title).[32]On September 6, Williams hit his 332nd career home run, passingHank Greenbergfor seventh all-time.[106]

On the first day of spring training in 1954, Williams broke his collarbone running after a line drive.[105]Williams was out for six weeks, and in April he wrote an article with Joe Reichler of theSaturday Evening Postsaying that he intended to retire at the end of the season.[107]Williams returned to the Red Sox lineup on May 7, and he hit.345 with 386 at bats in 117 games, althoughBobby Ávila,who had hit.341, won the batting championship. This was because it was required then that a batter needed 400 at bats, despiteLou Boudreau's attempt to bat Williams second in the lineup to get more at-bats. Williams led the league in base on balls with 136 which kept him from qualifying under the rules at the time. By today's standards (plate appearances) he would have been the champion. The rule was changed shortly thereafter to keep this from happening again.[32][108]On August 25, Williams passedJohnny Mizefor sixth place, and on September 3, Williams passed Joe DiMaggio for fifth all-time in career home runs with his 362nd career home run. He finished the season with 366 career home runs.[109]On September 26, Williams "retired" after the Red Sox's final game of the season.[110]

During the off-season of 1954, Williams was offered the chance to be manager of the Red Sox. Williams declined, and he suggested thatPinky Higgins,who had previously played on the 1946 Red Sox team as thethird baseman,become the manager of the team. Higgins later was hired as the Red Sox manager in 1955.[111]Williams sat out the first month of the 1955 season due to a divorce settlement with his wife, Doris. When Williams returned, he signed a $98,000 contract on May 13. Williams batted.356 in 320 at bats on the season, hitting 28 home runs and driving in 83 runs.[32]For his performance, he was named the "Comeback Player of the Year."[112]

1956–1960[edit]

On July 17,1956,Williams became the fifth player to hit 400 home runs, followingMel Ottin 1941,Jimmie Foxxin 1938,Lou Gehrigin1936,andBabe Ruthin1927.[32][113]Three weeks later at home against theYankeeson August 7, after Williams was booed for dropping a fly ball fromMickey Mantle,he spat at one of the fans who was taunting him on the top of the dugout;[114]Williams was fined $5,000 for the incident.[115][116]The following night against Baltimore, Williams was greeted by a large ovation, and received an even larger one when he hit a home run in the sixth inning to break a 2–2 tie. In theBoston Globe,the publishers ran a "What Globe Readers Say About Ted" section made out of letters about Williams, which were either the sportswriters or the "loud mouths" in the stands. Williams explained years later, "From '56 on, I realized that people were for me. The writers had written that the fans should show me they didn't want me, and I got the biggest ovation yet".[117]Williams lost the batting title to Mickey Mantle in 1956, batting.345 to Mantle's.353, with Mantle on his way to winning the Triple Crown.[118]

In1957,Williams batted.388 to lead the majors, then signed a contract in February1958for a record high $125,000 (or $135,000).[119][120]At age forty that season, he again led the American League with a.328 batting average.[32]

WhenPumpsie Greenbecame the first black player on the Red Sox—the last major league team to integrate—in1959,Williams openly welcomed Green.[121]

Williams ended his career with a home run in his last at-bat on September 28,1960.He refused to salute the fans as he returned to the dugout after he crossed home plate or after he was replaced in left field byCarroll Hardy.An essay written byJohn Updikethe following month forThe New Yorker,"Hub Fans Bid Kid Adieu", chronicles this event.[122]

Career overall[edit]

At the time of his retirement, Williams ranked thirdall-time in home runs(behindBabe Ruthand Jimmie Foxx),seventh in RBIs(after Ruth,Cap Anson,Lou Gehrig,Ty Cobb,Foxx, andMel Ott), andseventh in batting average(behind Cobb,Rogers Hornsby,Shoeless Joe Jackson,Lefty O'Doul,Ed DelahantyandTris Speaker). His career batting average of.3444 is the highest of any player who played his entire career in thelive-ball erafollowing 1920.

Most modern statistical analyses place Williams, along with Ruth andBarry Bonds,among the three most potent hitters to have played the game. Williams' baseball season of 1941 is often considered favorably with the greatest seasons of Ruth and Bonds in terms of various offensive statistical measures such as slugging, on-base and "offensive winning percentage." As a further indication, of the ten best seasons forOPS,short forOn-Base Plus Slugging Percentage,a popular modern measure of offensive productivity, four each were achieved by Ruth and Bonds, and two by Williams.

Williams is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in Major League games in four decades.[123]

G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI TB XBH BB AVG OBP SLG OPS FLD%
2,292 7,706 1,798 2,654 525 71 521 1,839 4,884 1,117 2,021 .344 .482 .634 1.116 .974

Player profile[edit]

Playing style[edit]

"All I want out of life is that when I walk down the street, folks will say, 'There goes the greatest hitter who ever lived'."

— Ted Williams.[124]

Williams was an obsessive student of hitting. He famously used a lighter bat than most sluggers, because it generated a faster swing.[125]In 1970, he wrote a book on the subject,The Science of Hitting(revised 1986), which is still read by many baseball players.[125]The book describes his theory of swinging only at pitches that came into ideal areas of hisstrike zone,a strategy Williams credited with his success as a hitter; as a result, Williams' bases-on-balls-to-plate-appearances ratio (.2065) is the highest of any player in the Hall of Fame.

Williams nearly always took the first pitch.[126]

He helped pass his expertise of playing left-field in front of theGreen Monsterto his successor on the Red Sox,Carl Yastrzemski.[127]

Relationship with Boston media and fans[edit]

Williams in 1947

Williams was on uncomfortable terms with theBostonnewspapers for nearly twenty years, as he felt they liked to discuss his personal life as much as his baseball performance. He maintained a career-long feud withSportdue to a 1948 feature article in which the reporter included a quote from Williams' mother. Insecure about his upbringing, and stubborn because of immense confidence in his own talent, Williams made up his mind that the "knights of the keyboard", as he derisively labeled the press, were against him. After having hit for the league's Triple Crown in 1947, Williams narrowly lost the MVP award in a vote where one Midwestern newspaper writer left Williams entirely off his ten-player ballot.[85]

During his career, some sportswriters also criticized aspects of Williams' baseball performance, including what they viewed as his lackadaisical fielding and lack of clutch hitting. Williams pushed back, saying: "They're always saying that I don't hit in the clutches. Well, there are a lot [of games] when I do."[128]He also asserted that it made no sense crashing into an outfield wall to try to make a difficult catch because of the risk of injury or being out of position to make the play after missing the ball.[129]

Williams treated most of the press accordingly, as he described in his 1969 memoirMy Turn at Bat.Williams also had an uneasy relationship with the Boston fans, though he could be very cordial one-to-one. He felt at times a good deal of gratitude for their passion and their knowledge of the game. On the other hand, Williams was temperamental, high-strung, and at times tactless. In his biography, Ronald Reis relates how Williams committed two fielding miscues in a doubleheader in 1950 and was roundly booed by Boston fans. He bowed three times to various sections of Fenway Park and made an obscene gesture. When he came to bat he spat in the direction of fans near the dugout. The incident caused an avalanche of negative media reaction, and inspired sportswriter Austen Lake's famous comment that when Williams' name was announced the sound was like "autumn wind moaning through an apple orchard."[130]

Another incident occurred in 1958 in a game against the Washington Senators. Williams struck out, and as he stepped from the batter's box swung his bat violently in anger. The bat slipped from his hands, was launched into the stands and struck a 60-year-old woman who turned out to be the housekeeper of the Red Sox general manager Joe Cronin. While the incident was an accident and Williams apologized to the woman personally, to all appearances it seemed at the time that Williams had hurled the bat in a fit of temper.[131]

Williams gave generously to those in need. He was especially linked withthe Jimmy Fundof theDana–Farber Cancer Institute,which provides support for children's cancer research and treatment. Williams used his celebrity to virtually launch the fund, which raised more than $750 million between 1948 and 2010. Throughout his career, Williams made countless bedside visits to children being treated for cancer, which Williams insisted go unreported. Often parents of sick children would learn at check-out time that "Mr. Williams has taken care of your bill".The Fund recently stated that "Williams would travel everywhere and anywhere, no strings or paychecks attached, to support the cause... His name is synonymous with our battle against all forms of cancer."[132]

Williams demanded loyalty from those around him. He could not forgive the fickle nature of the fans—booing a player for booting a ground ball, and then turning around and roaring approval of the same player for hitting a home run. Despite the cheers and adulation of most of his fans, the occasional boos directed at him in Fenway Park led Williams to stop tipping his cap in acknowledgment after a home run.[133]

Williams maintained this policy up to and including his swan song in 1960. After hitting a home run at Fenway Park, which would be his last career at-bat, Williams characteristically refused either to tip his cap as he circled the bases or to respond to prolonged cheers of "We want Ted!" from the crowd by making an appearance from the dugout. The Boston managerPinky Higginssent Williams to his fielding position in left field to start the ninth inning, but then immediately recalled him for his back-upCarroll Hardy,thus allowing Williams to receive one last ovation as he jogged onto then off the field, and he did so without reacting to the crowd. Williams' aloof attitude led the writer John Updike to observe wryly that "Gods do not answer letters."[122]

Williams' final home run did not take place during the final game of the 1960 season, but rather in the Red Sox's last home game that year. The Red Sox played three more games, but they were on the road in New York City and Williams did not appear in any of them, as it became clear that Williams' final home at-bat would be the last one of his career.[134]

In 1991, on Ted Williams Day at Fenway Park, Williams pulled a Red Sox cap from out of his jacket and tipped it to the crowd. This was the first time that he had done so since his earliest days as a player.[135]

Williams once had a friendship with Ty Cobb, with whom he often had discussions about baseball. He often toutedRogers Hornsbyas being the greatest right-handed hitter of all time. InAl Stump's now discredited biography about Cobb, he claimed that this assertion actually led to a split in the relationship between Ty Cobb and Ted Williams. Once during one of their yearly debate sessions on the greatest hitters of all time, Williams asserted that Hornsby was one of the greatest of all time. Cobb apparently had strong feelings about Hornsby and he threw a fit, expelling Williams from his hotel room. However, this story was later refuted by Ted Williams himself.[136]

Military service[edit]

Ted Williams
Williams being sworn into the U.S. Navy Reserve on May 22, 1942.
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUnited States Navy
United States Marine Corps
Years of service1942–46, 1952–53
RankCaptain
UnitU.S. Navy Reserve
U.S. Marine Corps Reserve
Battles/warsWorld War II
Korean War
AwardsNaval Aviator Badge
Air Medalwith two Gold Stars
Navy Unit Commendation
American Campaign Medal
Width-44 yellow ribbon with central width-4 Old Glory blue-white-scarlet stripe. At distance 6 from the edges are width-6 white-scarlet-white stripes.Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medalwith Bronze Star
World War II Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Service Medal
National Defense Service Medal
Korean Service Medalwith two Bronze Stars
United Nations Service Medal
ROK Presidential Unit Citation

World War II[edit]

Williams served as aNaval Aviatorduring World War II and theKorean War.Unlike many other major league players, he did not spend all of his war-time playing on service teams.[137]Williams had been classified 3-A by Selective Service prior to the war, a dependency deferment because he was his mother's sole means of financial support. When his classification was changed to 1-A following the American entry into World War II, Williams appealed to his local draft board. The draft board ruled that his draft status should not have been changed. He made a public statement that once he had built up his mother's trust fund, he intended to enlist. Even so, criticism in the media, including withdrawal of an endorsement contract byQuaker Oats,resulted in his enlistment in the U.S. Naval Reserve on May 22, 1942.

Williams did not opt for an easy assignment playing baseball for the Navy, but rather joined the V-5 program to become a Naval aviator. Williams was first sent to the Navy's Preliminary Ground School atAmherst Collegefor six months of academic instruction in various subjects including math and navigation, where he achieved a 3.85 grade point average.

Williams was talented as a pilot, and so enjoyed it that he had to be ordered by the Navy to leave training to personally accept his American League 1942Major League Baseball Triple Crown.[137]Williams' Red Sox teammate,Johnny Pesky,who went into the same aviation training program, said this about Williams: "He mastered intricate problems in fifteen minutes which took the average cadet an hour, and half of the other cadets there were college grads." Pesky again described Williams' acumen in the advanced training, for which Pesky personally did not qualify: "I heard Ted literally tore the sleeve target to shreds with his angle dives. He'd shoot from wingovers, zooms, and barrel rolls, and after a few passes the sleeve was ribbons. At any rate, I know he broke the all-time record for hits." Ted went to Jacksonville for a course in aerial gunnery, the combat pilot's payoff test, and broke all the records in reflexes, coordination, and visual-reaction time. "From what I heard. Ted could make a plane and its six 'pianos' (machine guns) play like a symphony orchestra", Pesky says. "From what they said, his reflexes, coordination, and visual reaction made him a built-in part of the machine."[138]

Williams completed pre-flight training inAthens, Georgia,his primary training atNAS Bunker Hill,Indiana, and his advanced flight training atNAS Pensacola.He received his goldNaval Aviator wingsand his commission as a second lieutenant in theU.S. Marine Corpson May 2, 1944.

Williams served as aflight instructorat NAS Pensacola teaching young pilots to fly the complicatedF4U Corsairfighter plane.Williams was in Pearl Harbor awaiting orders to join the Fleet in theWestern Pacificwhen theWar in the Pacificended. He finished the war in Hawaii, and then he was released from active duty on January 12, 1946, but he did remain in theMarine Corps Reserve.[70]

Korean War[edit]

Williams aboard theUSSHaven(AH-12)in 1953

On May 1, 1952, 14 months after his promotion tocaptainin the Marine Corps Reserve, Williams was recalled to active duty for service in theKorean War.[139]He had not flown any aircraft for eight years but he turned down all offers to sit out the war in comfort as a member of a service baseball team. Nevertheless, Williams was resentful of being called up, which he admitted years later, particularly regarding the Navy's policy of calling up Inactive Reservists rather than members of the Active Reserve.

Williams reported for duty on May 2, 1952. After eight weeks of refresher flight training and qualification in theF9F Pantherjet fighterwithVMF-223at theMarine Corps Air Station Cherry Point,North Carolina,Williams was assigned toVMF-311,Marine Aircraft Group 33(MAG-33), based at theK-3 airfieldinPohang,South Korea.[70]

On February 16, 1953, Williams, flying as the wingman forJohn Glenn(later anastronaut,then U.S. Senator), was part of a 35-plane raid against a tank and infantry training school just south ofPyongyang,North Korea. As the aircraft fromVMF-115and VMF-311 dove on the target, Williams' plane was hit by anti-aircraft fire, a piece offlakknocked out his hydraulics and electrical systems, causing Williams to have to "limp" his plane back to K-3 air base where he made abelly landing.For his actions of this day, he was awarded theAir Medal.[140]

Williams flew 39 combat missions in Korea, earning the Air Medal with twoGold Starsrepresenting second and third awards, before being withdrawn from flight status in June 1953 after a hospitalization for pneumonia. This resulted in the discovery of aninner earinfection that disqualified him from flight status.[141]John Glenndescribed Williams as one of the best pilots he knew.[142]In the last half of his missions, Williams was flying as Glenn's wingman.[143]

Williams likely would have exceeded 600 career home runs if he had not served in the military, and might even have approached Babe Ruth's then record of 714. He might have set the record for career RBIs as well, exceedingHank Aaron's total.[137]While the absences in the Marine Corps took almost five years out of his baseball career, he never publicly complained about the time devoted to service in the Marine Corps. His biographer, Leigh Montville, argued that Williams was not happy about being pressed into service in South Korea, but he did what he thought was his patriotic duty.

Following his return to the United States in August 1953, he resigned his Reserve commission to resume his baseball career.[139]

Post-retirement[edit]

Ted Williams's number 9 wasretiredby theBoston Red Soxin 1984.

After retirement from play, Williams helped Boston's new left fielder,Carl Yastrzemski,in hitting, and was a regular visitor to the Red Sox'spring trainingcamps from 1961 to 1966, where he worked as a special batting instructor. He served as executive assistant to Tom Yawkey (1961–65), then was named a team vice president (1965–68) upon his election to the Hall of Fame. He resumed his spring training instruction role with the club in 1978.

Beginning in 1961, he would spend summers at the Ted Williams Baseball Camp inLakeville, Massachusetts,which he had established in 1958 with his friend Al Cassidy and two other business partners. For eight summers and parts of others after that, he would give hitting clinics and talk baseball at the camp.[4]It was not uncommon to find Williams fishing in the pond at the camp. The area now is owned by the town and a few of the buildings still stand. In the main lodge one can still see memorabilia from Williams' playing days.

Williams served as manager of theWashington Senators,from1969–1971,then continued with the team when they became theTexas Rangersafter the 1971 season. Williams' best season as a manager was 1969 when he led the expansion Senators to an 86–76 record in the team's only winning season in Washington. He was chosen "Manager of the Year" after that season. Like many great players, Williams became impatient with ordinary athletes' abilities and attitudes, particularly those of pitchers, whom he admitted he never respected. Fellow managerAlvin Darkthought Williams "was a smart, fearless manager" who helped his hitters perform better. Williams' issue with Washington/Texas, according to Dark, was when the ownership traded away his third baseman and shortstop, making it difficult for the club to be as competitive.[144]

On the subject of pitchers, in Ted's autobiography written with John Underwood, Ted opines regardingBob Lemon(a sinker-ball specialist) pitching for the Cleveland Indians around 1951: "I have to rate Lemon as one of the very best pitchers I ever faced. His ball was always moving, hard, sinking, fast-breaking. You could never really uhmmmph with Lemon."

Williams was much more successful in fishing. An avid and expertfly fishermanand deep-sea fisherman, he spent many summers after baseball fishing theMiramichi River,inMiramichi, New Brunswick.Williams was named to the International Game Fish Association Hall of Fame in 2000. Williams,Jim Brown,Cumberland Posey,andCal Hubbardare the only athletes to be inducted into the Halls of Fame of more than one professional sport. Williams was also known as an accomplished hunter; he was fond ofpigeon-shootingfor sport in Fenway Park during his career, on one occasion drawing the ire of theMassachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.[145]

Williams reached an extensive deal withSears,lending his name and talent toward marketing, developing, and endorsing a line of in-house sports equipment—such as the "Ted Williams" edition Gamefisher aluminum boat and 7.5 hp "Ted Williams" edition motor, as well as fishing, hunting, and baseball equipment. Williams continued his involvement in the Jimmy Fund, later losing a brother to leukemia, and spending much of his spare time, effort, and money in support of the cancer organization.

In his later years Williams became a fixture at autograph shows and card shows after his son (by his third wife),John Henry Williams,took control of his career, becoming his de facto manager. The younger Williams provided structure to his father's business affairs, exposed forgeries that were flooding the memorabilia market, and rationed his father's public appearances and memorabilia signings to maximize their earnings.

One of Ted Williams' final, and most memorable, public appearances was at the1999 All-Star Gamein Boston. Able to walk only a short distance, Williams was brought to the pitcher's mound in a golf cart. He proudly waved his cap to the crowd—a gesture he had never done as a player. Fans responded with a standing ovation that lasted several minutes. At the pitcher's mound he was surrounded by players from both teams, including fellow Red Sox playerNomar Garciaparra,and was assisted byTony Gwynnin throwing out the first pitch of that year's All-Star Game. Later in the year, he was among the members of theMajor League Baseball All-Century Teamintroduced to the crowd atTurner Fieldin Atlanta prior to Game Two of theWorld Series.

Personal life[edit]

Williams in 1998.

On May 4, 1944, Williams married Doris Soule, the daughter of his hunting guide. Their daughter, Barbara Joyce ( "Bobby-Jo" ), was born on January 28, 1948, while Williams was fishing in Florida. They divorced in 1954.[146]Williams married the socialite model Lee Howard on September 10, 1961, and they were divorced in 1967.[147]

Williams married Dolores Wettach, a former MissVermontandVoguemodel, in 1968. Their sonJohn-Henrywas born on August 27, 1968, followed by daughter Claudia, on October 8, 1971. They were divorced in 1972.[148]

Williams lived with Louise Kaufman for twenty years until her death in 1993. In his book, Cramer called her the love of Williams' life.[149]After his death, her sons filed suit to recover her furniture from Williams'condominiumas well as a half-interest in the condominium they claimed he gave her.[150]

Williams had a strong respect for GeneralDouglas MacArthur,referring to him as his "idol".[151]For Williams' 40th birthday, MacArthur sent him an oil painting of himself with the inscription "To Ted Williams—not only America's greatest baseball player, but a great American who served his country. Your friend, Douglas MacArthur. General U.S. Army."[152]

Politically, Williams was aRepublican,[153]and was described by one biographer as, "to therightofAttila the Hun"except when it came toCivil Rights.[154]Another writer similarly noted that while in the 1960s he had a liberal attitude on civil rights, he was pretty far right on other cultural issues of the time, calling him “ultraconservative in the tradition ofBarry GoldwaterandJohn Wayne”.[153]

Williams campaigned forRichard Nixonin the1960 United States Presidential Election,and after Nixon lost toJohn F. Kennedy,refused several invitations from President Kennedy to gather together inCape Cod.He supported Nixon again in1968,and as manager of the Senators, kept a picture of him on his desk, meeting with the President several times while managing the team. In 1972 he called Nixon, “the greatest president of my lifetime.”[153]In the following years, Williams endorsed several other candidates inRepublican Party presidential primaries,includingGeorge H. W. Bushin1988(whom he also campaigned for inNew Hampshire),[155]Bob Dolein1996,andGeorge W. Bushin2000.[156]

According to friends, Williams was anatheist[157]and this influenced his decision to be cryogenically frozen. His daughter Claudia stated "It was like a religion, something we could have faith in... no different from holding the belief that you might be reunited with your loved ones in heaven".[158]

Williams' brother Danny and his son John-Henry both died ofleukemia.[159]

Death[edit]

Ted Williams tribute by the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park on July 22, 2002

In his last years, Williams suffered fromcardiomyopathy.He had a pacemaker implanted in November 2000 and he underwent open-heart surgery in January 2001. After suffering a series of strokes andcongestive heart failure,he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home inCitrus Hills, Florida.[160]

Though his will stated his desire to be cremated and his ashes scattered in the Florida Keys, Williams' son John-Henry and younger daughter Claudia chose to have his remainsfrozen cryonically.[161]

Ted's elder daughter, Bobby-Jo Ferrell, brought a suit to have her father's wishes recognized. John-Henry's lawyer then produced an informal "family pact" signed by Ted, Claudia, and John-Henry, in which they agreed "to be put into biostasis after we die" to "be able to be together in the future, even if it is only a chance."[161]Bobby-Jo and her attorney,Spike Fitzpatrick(former attorney of Ted Williams), contended that the family pact, which was scribbled on an ink-stained napkin, was forged by John-Henry and/or Claudia.[162]Fitzpatrick and Ferrell believed that the signature was not obtained legally. Laboratory analysis proved that the signature was genuine.[163]John-Henry said that his father was a believer in science and was willing to try cryonics if it held the possibility of reuniting the family.[164]

Though the family pact upset some friends, family and fans, a public plea for financial support of the lawsuit by Ferrell produced little result.[164]Citing financial difficulties, Ferrell dropped her lawsuit on the condition that a $645,000 trust fund left by Williams would immediately pay the sum out equally to the three children.[164]

InTed Williams: The Biography of an American Hero,authorLeigh Montvilleclaims that the family cryonics pact was a practice Ted Williamsautographon a plain piece of paper, around which the agreement had later been handwritten. The pact document was signed "Ted Williams",the same as his autographs, whereas he would always sign his legal documents"Theodore Williams",according to Montville. However, his daughter Claudia who was part of the pact with John Henry, testified to the authenticity of the document in anaffidavit.[165]

Williams' body was subsequently decapitated for the neuropreservation option from Alcor.[166]Following John-Henry's unexpected illness and death fromacute myeloid leukemiaon March 6, 2004, John-Henry's body was also transported toAlcor,in fulfillment of the family agreement.[167]

Awards and recognition[edit]

Plaque of Ted Williams in BostonRed Sox Hall of FameatFenway Park.

In 1954, Williams was inducted by theSan Diego Hall of Championsinto the Breitbard Hall of Fame honoring San Diego's finest athletes both on and off the playing surface.[168]In 2002, he was elected to theHispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame.[169]

In 1999, Williams was ranked as number 8 onThe Sporting Newslist of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, where he was the highest-ranking left fielder.[170]That same year, he was one of 30 players elected to theMajor League Baseball All-Century Team.[171]In 2020,The Athleticranked Williams at number 6 on its "Baseball 100" list, complied by sportswriterJoe Posnanski.[172]In 2022, as part of their SN Rushmore project,The Sporting Newsnamed Williams on their "Boston Mount Rushmore of Sports", alongBoston Celticsbasketball playerBill Russell,Boston Bruinshockey playerBobby Orr,andNew England Patriotsfootball playerTom Brady.[173]

Williams was inducted into theBaseball Hall of Fameon July 25, 1966. In his induction speech, Williams included a statement calling for the recognition of the greatNegro leaguesplayers: "I've been a very lucky guy to have worn a baseball uniform, and I hope some day the names ofSatchel PaigeandJosh Gibsonin some way can be added as a symbol of the great Negro players who are not here only because they weren't given a chance. "Williams was referring to two of the most famous names in the Negro leagues, who were not given the opportunity to play in the Major Leagues beforeJackie Robinsonbroke the color barrier in 1947. Gibson died early in 1947 and thus never played in the majors; and Paige's brief major league stint came long past his prime as a player. This statement from the Hall of Fame podium was "a first crack in the door that ultimately would open and include Paige and Gibson and other Negro league stars in the shrine." Paige was the first inducted in 1971. Gibson and others followed, starting in 1972 and continued on and off into the 21st century.[174]

On November 18, 1991, PresidentGeorge H. W. Bushpresented Williams with thePresidential Medal of Freedom,the highest civilian award in the United States.[175]

TheTed Williams Tunnelin Boston, Massachusetts, carrying 1.6 miles (2.6 km) of the final 2.3 miles (3.7 km) ofInterstate 90underBoston Harbor,opened in December 1995, and Ted Williams Parkway (California State Route 56) inSan Diego County, California,opened in 1992, were named in his honor while he was still alive. In 2016, the major leagueSan Diego Padresinducted Williams intotheir hall of famefor his contributions to baseball in San Diego.[176]

TheTampa Bay Rayshome field,Tropicana Field,installed theTed Williams Museum(formerly inHernando, Florida,1994–2006) behind the left field fence. From the Tampa Bay Rays website: "The Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame brings a special element to the Tropicana Field. Fans can view an array of different artifacts and pictures of the 'Greatest hitter that ever lived.' These memorable displays range from Ted Williams' days in the military through his professional playing career. This museum is dedicated to some of the greatest players to ever 'lace 'em up,' includingWillie Mays,Joe DiMaggio,Mickey Mantle,Roger Maris."[177]

In 2013, theBob Feller Act of Valor Awardhonored Williams as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Marine Corps during World War II.[178]

Military and civilian decorations and awards[edit]

Williams received the following decorations and awards:[179]

Gold star
Gold star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Naval Aviator insignia
1st row Air Medalwith two5⁄16"Gold Stars Navy Unit Commendation Presidential Medal of Freedom
2nd row American Campaign Medal Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medalwith one3⁄16"bronze star World War II Victory Medal
3rd row Navy Occupation Service Medal National Defense Service Medal Korean Service Medalwith two3⁄16"bronze stars
4th row Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation United Nations Service Medal Republic of Korea War Service Medal

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  2. ^"IGFA Hall of Fame Inductees".International Game Fish Association.
  3. ^Seidel,p. 1.
  4. ^abcMontville,pp. 245–251.
  5. ^Williams & Underwood,p. 30.
  6. ^Bradlee,pp. 32–33.
  7. ^Nelson, Kevin (2015).The Golden Game: The Story of California Baseball.Lincoln: Bison Books. p. 186.ISBN978-0-8032-8425-8.OCLC909028586.
  8. ^Seidel,p. 4.
  9. ^Montville,p. 21.
  10. ^Nowlin,p. 324.
  11. ^Williams & Underwood,p. 28.
  12. ^Montville,p. 20.
  13. ^Montville,p. 22.
  14. ^McCormack, Shaun (2004).Ted Williams.Rosen Publishing Group. p. 14.ISBN0823937836.
  15. ^Montville,p. 26.
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  17. ^Nowlin,p. 118.
  18. ^Meserole, Mike (July 8, 2002)."There goes the greatest hitter who ever lived".ESPN Classic.
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  39. ^abMontville,p. 63.
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  52. ^Lancaster, Marc."July 8, 1941: Ted Williams hits 'most thrilling' home run to win All-Star Game in Detroit".Society for American Baseball Research(SABR Games Project).
  53. ^abcWilliams & Underwood,p. 87.
  54. ^Williams & Underwood,p. 86.
  55. ^abcPennington, Bill (September 11, 2011)."Ted Williams'.406 Is More Than a Number".The New York Times.
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  59. ^abcWilliams & Underwood,p. 96.
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  63. ^Cavanaugh, Jack (2012).Season of '42: Joe D, Teddy Ballgame, and Baseball's Fight to Survive a Turbulent First Year of War.Skyhorse Publishing. p. 7.ISBN978-1616087401.
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  66. ^abMontvillep. 110.
  67. ^Montville,p. 111.
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  69. ^Montville,p. 119.
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  89. ^"Cleveland Indians vs Boston Red Sox Box Score: October 4, 1948".Baseball-Reference.
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  122. ^abUpdike, John (October 22, 1960)."Hub Fans Bid Kid Adieu".The New Yorker.
  123. ^Simon, Andrew; Adler, David (March 11, 2019)."Like Vinsanity, these MLB careers spanned 4 decades".MLB.Archivedfrom the original on April 21, 2019.
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  147. ^"Milestones".Time.October 21, 1966.Divorced: Ted Williams, 48, terrible-tempered baseball great; by Lee Howard Williams, 41, ash-blonde ex-fashion model, his second wife; on grounds that "he made life unbearable with constant obscene criticism" (like cursing at her and kicking the tackle box while they were fishing); after five years of marriage, no children; in Miami.
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Book sources[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Articles[edit]

Books[edit]

By Williams[edit]

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External links[edit]

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Awards and achievements
Preceded by American LeagueTriple Crown Winner
1942 and 1947 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Hitting for the cycle
July 21, 1946 		Succeeded by
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