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Tenthredinidae

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Tenthredinidae
FemaleTenthredopsis sordida
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder: Symphyta
Superfamily: Tenthredinoidea
Family: Tenthredinidae
Latreille,1802[1]
Type genus
Tenthredo
Subfamilies

Allantinae
Blennocampinae
Heterarthrinae
Nematinae
Selandriinae- (includes Dolerinae)
Susaninae
Tenthredininae

Xenapateslarvae and pupae

Tenthredinidaeis the largest family ofsawflies,with well over 7,500 species worldwide,[2]divided into 430 genera.Larvaeareherbivoresand typically feed on the foliage of trees and shrubs, with occasional exceptions that areleaf miners,stem borers, orgallmakers. The larvae of externally feeding species resemble small caterpillars. As with allhymenopterans,common sawflies undergo complete metamorphosis.

The family has no easily seen diagnostic features, though the combination of five to nine antennalflagellomeresplus a clear separation of the firstabdominaltergumfrom themetapleuroncan reliably separate them. These sawflies are often black or brown, and 3 to 20 mm long. Like other sawflies, they lack the slender "wasp-waist", orpetiole,between the thorax and abdomen, characteristic of manyhymenopterans.Themesosomaand themetasomaare instead broadly joined. The Tenthredinidae are also often somewhat dorsoventrally flattened, which will distinguish them at least from the slendercephids(which, together with the common sawflies, comprise many of the Nearctic species of Symphyta).

Females use their saw-likeovipositorsto cut slits through barks of twigs, into which translucent eggs are wedged, which damages the trees. They are common in meadows, and in forest glades near rapid streams. Adults eat little, while larvae feed on foliage of streamside trees and shrubs, especially willow.

A number of species and genera have been described from thefossil recordsuch asEriocampa tulameenensisandPseudosiobla campbelliofBritish Columbia.[3]

Life cycle ofCladius difformis

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  • Larva
    Larva
  • Pupa, dorsal view
    Pupa, dorsal view
  • Pupa, ventral view
    Pupa, ventral view
  • Female
    Female
  • Male
    Male
Rhogogastersp.
Macrophya annulata,Brussels
Macremphytus testaceuslarvae on dogwood,Cornussp.

Taxonomy

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The Tenthredinidae are divided into seven subfamilies. Of the 430 genera, nine contain more than 50 species.

Subfamilies and genera

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Subfamilies and genera within this family include:[4]

Phylogeny

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Of these subfamilies, Tenthredininae and Allantinae aresister groups,and together form a sister group to the Nematinae.[5]

References

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  1. ^Liston et al 2014.
  2. ^Davis, Robert B; Baldauf, Sandra L; Mayhew, Peter J (2010)."The origins of species richness in the Hymenoptera: insights from a family-level supertree".BMC Evolutionary Biology.10(1): 109.Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..109D.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-109.ISSN1471-2148.PMC2873417.PMID20423463.
  3. ^Rice, H.M.A. (1968). "Two Tertiary sawflies, (Hymenoptera – Tenthredinidae), from British Columbia".Geological Survey of Canada.67(59): 1–21.
  4. ^Funet
  5. ^Song et al 2016.

Bibliography

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Wikispecieshas information related toTenthredinidae.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toTenthredinidae.
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