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Terni

Coordinates:42°33′43″N12°38′29″E/ 42.56194°N 12.64139°E/42.56194; 12.64139
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Terni
Comune
Comune di Terni
From top left, anti-clockwise:view of Terni; City Council Hall; Terni Cathedral; Relics of Saint Valentine; Piazza Tacito; and Marmore Waterfalls. In the middle: Anfiteatro Fausto.
Flag of Terni
Flag
Coat of arms of Terni
Coat of arms
Location of Terni
Map
Terni is located in Italy
Terni
Terni
Location of Terni in Italy
Terni is located in Umbria
Terni
Terni
Terni (Umbria)
Coordinates:42°33′43″N12°38′29″E/ 42.56194°N 12.64139°E/42.56194; 12.64139
CountryItaly
RegionUmbria
ProvinceTerni(TR)
FrazioniAcquapalombo, Appecano, Battiferro, Cecalocco, Cesi, Collegiacone, Collescipoli, Collestatte, Giuncano Alto, Giuncano Scalo, Marmore, Miranda, Papigno, Piediluco, Poggio Lavarino, Polenaco, Porzano, Pracchia, Rocca San Zenone, San Carlo, San Liberatore, Titurano, Torreorsina
Government
• MayorStefano Bandecchi
Area
[1]
• Total211.9 km2(81.8 sq mi)
Elevation
130 m (430 ft)
Population
(31 July 2023)[2]
• Total106,065
• Density500/km2(1,300/sq mi)
DemonymTernani
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
05100
Dialing code0744
Patron saintSaint Valentine
Saint dayFebruary 14
WebsiteOfficial website

Terni(/ˈtɛərni/TAIR-nee,Italian:[ˈtɛrni]ⓘ;Latin:Interamna (Nahars)) is a city in the southern portion of the region ofUmbria,inCentral Italy.It is near the border withLazio.The city is the capital of theprovince of Terni,located in the plain of theRiver Nera.It is 104 kilometres (65 miles) northeast ofRomeand 81 km south of the regional capital,Perugia.

The Latin name means "between-two-rivers", in reference to its location on the confluence of the Nera river (Ancient UmbrianNahar,Latin:Nār, Nahar) and the Serra stream. When disambiguation was needed, it was referred to asInteramna Nahars.[3]Its inhabitants were known in Latin asInteramnātēs Na(ha)rtēs.[4]

Interamna was founded as an Ancient Roman town, albeit settlements in the Terni area well precede this occurrence. During the 19th century, steel mills were introduced and led the city to have a role in theSecond Industrial Revolutionin Italy. Because of its industrial importance, the city was heavily bombed duringWorld War IIby theAllies.It remains an industrial hub and has been nicknamed "The Steel City".

Terni is also known as the "City of Lovers", as its patron saint,Saint Valentine,was born and became a bishop here, and the remains are preserved in the basilica-sanctuary in his honour.

History[edit]

Main article:History of Terni, Umbria

The city was founded around the 7th century BC by theUmbriansNahartes,in a territory inhabited (as testified by archaeological excavations) as early as theBronze Age.TheIguvine Tabletsdescribe theseNahartesas a strong, numerous people and as the most important enemy of the Umbrian people ofGubbio(Iguvium). In the 3rd century BC, Terni was conquered by theRomansand soon became an importantmunicipiumlying on theVia Flaminiaand known under the nameInteramna,meaning "between-two-rivers".

In 271 BC the Roman consulManius Curius Dentatusordered the construction of a canal (the Curiano Trench) to divert the water from the marshes in theRieti Valleyand from Lake Velino over the natural cliff atMarmore,creating the waterfall. This caused flooding in the valley around Terni below. For a long time this became the cause of interminable quarrels between the cities ofRietiand Terni. The issue was so contentious between the two cities that the Roman Senate was forced to address it in 54 BC.Aulus Pompeiusrepresented Terni, andCicerorepresented Rieti. TheSenatedid nothing about the problem, and the problem remained the same for centuries.

After theLombardconquest in 755, Terni lost prominence when it was reduced to a secondary town in theDuchy of Spoleto.In 1174, it was sacked byFrederick Barbarossa's general, ArchbishopChristian of Mainz.In the following century, Terni was one of the sites visited frequently bySt. Francisto give sermons.

In the 14th century Terni issued its own constitution, and from 1353 the walls were enlarged, and new channels were opened. As with many of the Italian communes of the Late Middle Ages, it was beset by civil unrest between the partisans of theGuelphs and Ghibellines,and later between theNobiliandBanderari(Terni's bourgeoisie). It later joined thePapal States.In 1580, anironwork,the Ferriera, was introduced to work the iron ore mined inMonteleone di Spoleto,starting the traditional industrial connotation of the city. In the 17th century, however, the population of Terni declined further due to plagues and famines.

In the 19th century, Terni took advantage of theIndustrial Revolutionand of plentiful water sources in the area. New industries included a steelworks, afoundry,as well as weapons,juteand wool factories. In 1927, Terni became capital of the province.

The presence of important industries made the city a favorite target for the Allied bombardments inWorld War II.On August 11, 1943, a raid by 44USAAFbombers, which dropped 213 tons of bombs, devastated the city, killing 564 people. It was the first of the 57 airstrikes that destroyed or damaged 40% of Terni's buildings and killed 1,018 civilians. Despite this, industrial environment increased quickly after the war.[5][6][7][8]

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Terni (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 11.4
(52.5) 		13.1
(55.6) 		16.7
(62.1) 		19.9
(67.8) 		25.3
(77.5) 		29.7
(85.5) 		33.4
(92.1) 		33.2
(91.8) 		28.1
(82.6) 		22.8
(73.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		12.0
(53.6) 		21.8
(71.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4) 		8.1
(46.6) 		11.2
(52.2) 		14.3
(57.7) 		19.2
(66.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		22.1
(71.8) 		17.5
(63.5) 		11.6
(52.9) 		8.0
(46.4) 		16.3
(61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		5.8
(42.4) 		8.8
(47.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		16.1
(61.0) 		12.3
(54.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		10.7
(51.3)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 56
(2.2) 		64
(2.5) 		59
(2.3) 		87
(3.4) 		74
(2.9) 		59
(2.3) 		31
(1.2) 		52
(2.0) 		91
(3.6) 		95
(3.7) 		116
(4.6) 		82
(3.2) 		866
(33.9)
Source: Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (precipitation 1971–2000)[9]

Economy[edit]

The city has three important industrial hubs: the first one is theStainless SteelArea, called AST (part of the groupThyssenKrupp) and is a wide area located in the east part of Terni. West of the town, there is a second industrial hub, known as "Area Polymer", with four different chemical multinational industries. The third industrial hub is Italeaf, which controls TerniEnergia, a company listed on STAR segment ofBorsa Italiana,that is active in the renewable energy sector, and promotes and develops technological start-ups in thecleantechsector.

Transport[edit]

Terni is connected with theA1 motorway,theEuropean route E45andNational Road Flaminiaby theRATO,a motorway junction.

Terni railway stationis part of theAncona–Orte railway,and is also ajunction stationfor two secondary lines, theTerni–Sulmona railway(which links Terni withL'Aquila) and theTerni–Sansepolcro railway(FCU) (which servesPerugia). One of the most important national freight stations is located nearby. The local urban and suburban transport service, ATC, runs 90 bus lines. In the north of the city (Colleluna zone), there are works in progress on the line from Perugia to enable it to be used as aLight railline.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toTerni.

Government[edit]

See also:List of mayors of Terni

Monuments and sites of interest[edit]

Religious architecture or sites[edit]

Terni Cathedral
  • Terni Cathedral(Duomo,Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) (17th century). Built over one of the most ancient Christian edifices of the city, it has todayBaroquelines. In the interior is one organ designed byGian Lorenzo Bernini.The belfry is from the 18th century. The façade has two mediaeval gates: one of them has the profile of a sabot once used to measure the citizen's shoes in order to ensure that they did not exceed a fixed limit of decency.
  • San Cristoforo:12th-century church
  • San Francesco:13th-century church
  • San Valentino:Basilica church
  • Sant'Alò:(11th century) Romanesque church
  • San Martino:Romanesque church
  • San Salvatore:Romanesque church
Palazzo Spada

Secular and civic architecture or sites[edit]

Cascata delle Marmore

Sport[edit]

Ternana Calciois the main football club in the city. The club has twice played in Italy's first divisionSerie A(seasons1972–1973and1974–1975). Ternana is currently playing inSerie B(season 2021–2022). The club plays at the 22,000-seatStadio Libero Liberati,named after Italian motorcycle racerLibero Liberati,who was born in Terni, won the500cc World Championshipin 1957, and died while he was training with his Gilera Saturno along the Valnerina road near Terni.

Notable people[edit]

Historical[edit]

  • House ofCastelli:first important family native of Terni of Germanic lineage. In the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque and 18th century was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofSpada:Central Italy's very important family, native of Terni. In middle age, Renaissance, Baroque and 18th century was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofCamporeali:Terni's very important family. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofCittadini:Central Italy's very important family, native of Terni, of Germanic lineage. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofManassei:Central Italy's very important family, native of Terni, of Germanic lineage. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofMazzancolli:Terni's very important family. In the Renaissance, Baroque and 18th century was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofTomassoni:Terni's very important family. In the Renaissance, Baroque and 18th century was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofCiancherotti:Terni's very important family. In the Renaissance, Baroque and 18th century was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • House ofNicoletti:Terni's very important family. In the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque and 18th century was an active family both in their city than in others.
  • Andrea Castelli da Terni(14th-15th century):condottiereand hero of the city-state of Terni. He was also apodestàand a politician.
  • Alessandro and Lucantonio Tomassoni da Terni(16th century):condottierebrothers
  • Anastasio and Stefano Ciancherotti da Terni(16th-17th century):condottierebrothers
  • Blessed brother Barnaba Manassei(15th century): his greater fame's title is to have set up the order of Monti di Pietà to remedy the disastrous wear that impoverished families and city-states.
  • Aminale Lodovico:a militar and adventurer who fought with other twelve Italian knights in theChallenge of Barletta(1503) against the French
  • Sir Cittadini(the Dragon Slayer): legendary hero of the city of Terni. He is the one who will free his city from the slavery of a dragon of the swamps.
  • Saint Valentine,bishop and martyred saint
  • Saints Berardo, Ottone, Pietro, Accursio and Adiuto,13th century Franciscanprotomartyrs

Notable[edit]

International relations[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Terni istwinnedwith:[10]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011".Italian National Institute of Statistics.Retrieved16 March2019.
  2. ^"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018".Italian National Institute of Statistics.Retrieved16 March2019.
  3. ^CIL XI 4213
  4. ^Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence); Buonocore, Marco (Rome) (2006-10-01)."Interamna".Brill's New Pauly.
  5. ^"11 agosto 1943, alle 10.29 il primo bombardamento a Terni: il racconto di un tragico evento"[11 August 1943, at 10.29 the first bombing of Terni: the story of a tragic event].TerniToday(in Italian).Retrieved2023-05-14.
  6. ^Gioannini, Marco; Massobrio, Giulio (2007)."Bombardate l'Italia. Storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-45"(PDF).Rizzoli Libri.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2014-02-02.Retrieved2023-05-14.
  7. ^"11 agosto 1943, Terni non dimentica"[August 11, 1943, Terni does not forget].umbriaON(in Italian). 2018-08-11.Retrieved2023-05-14.
  8. ^"TERNI in" Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere e Arti "".Treccani(in Italian).Retrieved2023-05-14.
  9. ^"Valori climatici normali di temperatura e precipitazione in Italia"(PDF).Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale.Retrieved28 June2024.
  10. ^"Vieni a Trovarci".amarantoidea(in Italian). Amaranto Idea.Retrieved2019-12-22.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terni&oldid=1231447754"