Tiruvicaippa
(Redirected fromThiruvisaippa)
  | ||
|---|---|---|
| The twelve volumes ofTamilŚaivahymns of the sixty-threeNayanars | ||
| Parts | Name | Author |
| 1,2,3 | Thirukadaikkappu | Sambandar |
| 4,5,6 | Thevaram | Thirunavukkarasar |
| 7 | Thirupaatu | Sundarar |
| 8 | Thiruvasakam& Thirukkovaiyar |
Manickavasagar |
| 9 | Thiruvisaippa& Tiruppallaandu |
Various |
| 10 | Thirumandhiram | Thirumular |
| 11 | Various | |
| 12 | Periya Puranam | Sekkizhar |
| Paadal Petra Sthalam | ||
| Paadal Petra Sthalam | ||
| Rajaraja I | ||
| Nambiyandar Nambi | ||
Tiruvicaippa(Tamil:திருவிசைப்பா,romanized:Tiruvicaippā)[1][2]denotes the ninth volumes[3]of theTirumurai,the twelve-volume collection of TamilShaivadevotional poetry. The works of eight authors belonging to the 10th century, namely Thirumaligai Thevar, Senthanar, Karuvur Thevar, Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi, Kandarathithar,Venattadigal,Thiruvaliyamuthanar, Purshottama Nambi, Sethiyar, and Senthanar.[4]Out of the eight, Kandarathithar, was aCholaking, who an ardent devotee of Shiva. He wanted to compileTevaram,but the mission was completed by his grandsonRajaraja I.[citation needed]
Content[edit]
The ninth volume of Tirumurai is composed byTamilpoets (known asNayanars) - Thirumaligai Thevar, Senthanar, Karuvur Thevar, Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi, Kandarathithar,Venattadigal,Thiruvaliyamuthanar, Purshottama Nambi, Sethiyar and Senthanar[5]Among the eight, Kandarathithar, was a prince descended from Chola king,Parantaka I.[6]He and his wife Sembian Mahadevi were ardent devotees of Shiva and wanted to compileTevaramduring his life time, but could not complete the mission. During thereignofRajaraja Chola Iin the 10th century, a collection of these songs was found abandoned in theChidambaramtemple, along with other religious literary works, and collated byNambiyandar Nambi.[7]
| Author | Poems | Number of verses | Classification | Temples reverred |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thirumaligai Thevar | 1-45 | 45 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(45)[5] |
| Senthanar | 46-79 | 34 | Tiruvicaippa | Veezhinathar Kovil, Thiruveezhimizhalai(12),Masilamaniswara Temple(11)[5] |
| Karuvur Thevar | 80-182 | 103 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(11), Maniyambalam temple (11), Azhagiyanathaswamy temple Thirukalanthai (10), Sundaresawarar temple Thirulogi (11), Pannakaparanar temple Thirumugathalai (10),Kampaheswarar Temple(10),Brihadisvara Temple(11)[5] |
| Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi | 183-194 | 12 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(10),Thyagaraja temple(2), Thirukuraithudayar temple (11)[5] |
| Kandarathithar | 194-204 | 10 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(10)[5] |
| Venattadigal | 205-214 | 10 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(10)[5] |
| Thiruvaliyamuthanar | 215-256 | 42 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(42)[5] |
| Purshottama Nambi | 1-45 | 257-278 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(22)[5] |
| Sethiyar | 279-288 | 10 | Tiruvicaippa | Thillai Natarajar Temple(10)[5] |
| Senthanar | 289-301 | 13 | Tirupallantu | Thillai Natarajar Temple(13)[5] |
List of temples associated with the Tiruvicaippa[edit]
There are 14 temples revered by the hymns of Tiruvicaippa and are in turn referred as "Tiruvisaipa Talangal".
| Name of the temple | Location | Presiding deity | Photo | Poets | Temple details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thillai Natarajar Temple | Chidambaram11°23′58″N79°41′36″E/ 11.39944°N 79.69333°E | Natarajar | 
|
Kandarathithar (10), Karuvur Thevar (11), Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi (10), Purshottama Nambi (22), Senthanar (13), Sethiyar (10), Thirumaligai Thevar (45), Thiruvaliyamuthanar (42), Venattadigal (10) | The temple is one of the five elemental lingas in theShaivapilgrimage tradition and is considered the subtlest of all Shiva temples (Kovil) in Hinduism.[8]It is also a site for performance arts, including the annual Natyanjali dance festival onMaha Shivaratri.[9] |
| Brihadisvara Temple | Gangaikonda Cholapuram11°12′22″N79°26′56″E/ 11.20611°N 79.44889°E | Brihadisvarar | 
|
Karuvur Thevar (11) | Completed in 1035 AD byRajendra Chola Ias a part of his new capital, thisCholadynasty era temple is similar in design, and has a similar name, as the older 11th century,Brihadeeswarar Templeabout 70 kilometres (43 mi) to the southwest inThanjavur.[10]The shrine of Gangaikonda Cholapuram are revered as under "He of the Shrine of Gangaikonda Choleswaram takes whatever forms that his worship visualize" - 131,5.[11] |
| Rajarajeswaram | Thanjavur10°46′58″N79°07′54″E/ 10.78278°N 79.13167°E | Brihadisvarar | 
|
Karuvur Thevar (11) | Built by Tamil kingRaja Raja Chola Ibetween 1003 and 1010 AD, the temple is a part of theUNESCOWorld Heritage Siteknown as the "Great Living Chola Temples".Built out of granite, thevimanatower above the shrine is one of the tallest in South India.[12] |
| Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple | Thanjavur10°51′48″N79°43′20″E/ 10.86333°N 79.72222°E | Uthrapathiswaraswamy | 
|
Karuvur Thevar (10) | Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple is aHindu templein Tiruchenkattankudi inNagapattinam districtin theTamil Nadustate ofIndia.Though it is dedicated to the Hindu godShiva,it is more famous for itsGanesha(Ganapati) icons brought fromVatapibyParanjothi,the commander-in-chief of thePallavakingNarasimhavarman I(reign: 630–668 CE), followingthe conquest of Pallavas over the Chalukyas(642 CE).[13] |
| Azhagiyanathaswamy temple | Kalanthai10°31′34″N79°33′10″E/ 10.52611°N 79.55278°E | Azhagiyanathar | Karuvur Thevar (10) | The temple has inscriptions from the period ofRajendra Cholaindicating generous contributions to the temple.[14] | |
| Maniyambalam temple | Keezhakottur10°36′52″N79°33′55″E/ 10.61444°N 79.56528°E | Maniambalanavar | Karuvur Thevar (11) | Since the bell of the elephantAiravatafell here, it came to be known as Maniyambalam.[15] | |
| Sundaresawarar temple | Thirulogi11°04′51″N79°29′15″E/ 11.08083°N 79.48750°E | Sundareswarar | Karuvur Thevar (11) | ||
| Pannakaparanar temple | Thirmugathalai10°33′23″N79°40′46″E/ 10.55639°N 79.67944°E | Pannakaparanar | Karuvur Thevar (10) | ||
| Kampaheswarar Temple | Thirubuvanam10°59′24″N79°25′59″E/ 10.99000°N 79.43306°E | Kampaheswarar | 
|
Karuvur Thevar (10) | The temple was constructed by the Chola kingKulothunga Chola IIIas a memorial of his successful North Indian campaign. The temple has a shrine forSharabha,a depiction ofShiva,a part-lion and part-bird beast inHindu mythology,who, according toSanskrit literature,is eight-legged and more powerful than a lion or an elephant, possessing the ability to clear a valley in one jump.[16] |
| Thyagaraja Temple | Thiruvarur10°46′N79°39′E/ 10.767°N 79.650°E | Thyagarajar | 
|
Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi (2) | According to legend, aCholaking namedMuchukundaobtained a boon fromIndra(a celestial deity) and wished to receive an image of Thyagaraja Swamy (presiding deity,Shivain the temple) reposing on the chest of recliningVishnu.Indratried to misguide the king and had six other images made, but the king chose the right image and manifested thiyagaraja inTiruvarur.[17] |
| Thirukuraithudayar temple | Thiruvidaikazhi11°02′29″N79°47′2″E/ 11.04139°N 79.78389°E | Thirukuraithudayar | Senthanar (11) | ||
| Mahalingeswarar Temple | Tiruvidaimaruthur10°59′40″N79°27′1″E/ 10.99444°N 79.45028°E | Mahalingeswarar | 
|
Karuvur Thevar (10) | The Chola prince, it is believed, entered the Mahalingeswarar Temple and prayed to his favourite God,Shivafor relief from the clutches of the malicious rebirth of a dead Brahmin orbrahmarakshasa.The Chola prince made his way out through another entrance thereby saving himself.[18] |
| Masilamaniswara Temple | Thiruvaduthurai10°29′N78°41′E/ 10.483°N 78.683°E | Masilamaniswarar | 
|
Senthanar (11) | This is counted as the first mention of portrait installation indicated in an inscription, with the other ones being inKonerirajapuramandThiruvisanallurtemples. The temple has been maintained and administered by theThiruvaduthurai Adheenam,whose headquarters is located inside the temple.[19] |
| Veezhinathar Kovil, Thiruveezhimizhalai | Thiruveezhimizhalai10°46′N79°50′E/ 10.767°N 79.833°E | Veezhinathar | 
|
Senthanar (12) | Parvatiis said to have been reborn asKatyayaniand marriedShivahere.Vishnuis regarded to have received theSudarshana Chakrafrom Shiva after venerating the deity. A panel depicting the divine marriage is seen behind theshivalingam.The mulavar vimanam is believed to be brought here by Vishnu.[20] |
References[edit]
- ^Donald S. Lopez, Jr (1995).Religions of India In Practice.Internet Archive. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 315.
- ^Kersenboom-Story, Saskia C. (1987).Nityasumaṅgalī: devadasi tradition in South India.Internet Archive. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 62.ISBN978-81-208-0330-5.
- ^J.N. 1993,p. 143
- ^VC Sasivalli.Mysticism Of Love In Shaiva Thirumurais.pp. 111–127.
- ^abcdefghijk"Ninth Thirumurai"(PDF).Project Madurai. 2001.Retrieved1 January2014.
- ^Mukherjee1999, p. 396
- ^Rengasamy, Varalotti (28 February 2021).Ponniyin Selvan - The Killer Sword - Part 3.Pustaka Digital Media. p. 168.
- ^James G. Lochtefeld (2002).The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M.The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 147.ISBN978-0-8239-3179-8.
- ^Tracy Pintchman (2007).Women's Lives, Women's Rituals in the Hindu Tradition.Oxford University Press. pp. 194–195.ISBN978-0-19-803934-1.
- ^Irāmaccantiran̲ Nākacāmi (1970).Gangaikondacholapuram.State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu. pp. 14–16.
- ^Coward1987, p. 151
- ^"The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)".
- ^Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1993).South Indian Shrines.New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 402–404.ISBN978-81-206-0151-2.Retrieved2 August2009.
- ^"Kalanthai Athicheram".Dharumapuram Adheenam.Retrieved2 January2022.
- ^"Keezhakottur Maniyambalam".Dharumapuram Adheenam.Retrieved2 January2022.
- ^V., Meena (1974).Temples in South India(1st ed.). Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. p. 29.
- ^V., Meena (1974).Temples in South India(1st ed.). Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. p. 34.
- ^Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1991).South Indian shrines: illustrated.New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.ISBN81-206-0151-3.
- ^S.R., Balasubramanyam (1975).Early Chola temples Parantaka I to Rajaraja I (AD. 907–985)(PDF).Thomson Press (India) Limited. pp. 220–1.
- ^"Sri Veezhinatheswarar Temple".Dinamalar.Retrieved2 January2022.
Sources[edit]
- J. N., Farquhar (1993).Primer of Hinduism.Asian Educational Services.ISBN9788120608689.
- Mukherjee, Sujit (1998).A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850.New Delhi: Orient Longman Limited. p. 396.ISBN81-250-1453-5.
- Coward, Harold G.,ed. (1987).Modern Indian responses to religious pluralism.New York: State University of New York. p. 151.ISBN0-88706-571-6.