Thomas' Legion
Thomas' Legion of Indians and Highlanders 69th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | |
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![]() Col. William H. Thomas | |
Active | September 27, 1862 – May 10, 1865 |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Branch | ![]() |
Type | Legion /Regiment |
Role | Combined arms formation / Infantry |
Size | 1,125 men (initial strength)[1] |
Engagements | American Civil War |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | Col.William Holland Thomas |
Thomas' Legion,also known asThomas' Legion of Cherokee Indians and Highlanders,Thomas' Legion of Indians and Highlanders,and the69th North Carolina Regiment,[2][3][4]was a unit of theConfederate Armyin theAmerican Civil War.The formation was organized in 1862 byWilliam Holland Thomasand fought in thelast skirmish of the war in North Carolinabefore surrendering in May 1865.[2]
The regiment was unusual in several respects. Thomas, the only white chief of theCherokeeIndians,[5]recruited a sizable number of Cherokees. In addition, like a few other Civil War formations, it was a true legion, that is acombined armsunit, consisting of infantry, cavalry, and artillery.
William Holland Thomas actively promoted the idea of having Cherokees fight for the Confederacy. In 1862, he organized 200Cherokee Indians in North Carolinaas the Junaluska Zouaves, named after ChiefJunaluska;by April, he had raised the North Carolina Cherokee Battalion.[6]His petition to recruit additional Cherokees and whites was approved by Confederate authorities and he was authorized to raise a legion.[6]
It was officially organized on September 27, 1862, atKnoxville,Tennessee,[2]with recruits coming primarily from westernNorth Carolinaand eastern Tennessee. The unit, under the command of newly elected Colonel William Holland Thomas, initially comprised 1125 men in an infantry regiment and a cavalry battalion.[2][7]The infantry was organized into ten companies, two Cherokee (Companies A and B) and eight white (C-I, K),[2]and became known as Love's Regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel James R. Love II. Walker's Battalion was raised inCherokee County, North Carolinaby William Stringfield[8]and led by Lieutenant Colonel William C. Walker. The third element was the Cherokee Battalion, made up of 400 Cherokees.[7][8]John T. Levi's Light Artillery Battery was added on April 1, 1863.[2][7]
The unit was mainly assigned to defend the area. A portion of the Legion was sent toPowell's Valleyin late 1862 and was ambushed at Baptist Gap. When Cherokee Lieutenant Astooga Stoga was killed leading a counterattack, enraged Indian comradesscalpedseveral dead or wounded Union soldiers.[2][6]To defuse the situation, Colonel Thomas had the scalps returned to the Union with apologies.[6]
The Legion was sent east to join GeneralJubal Earlyin theValley Campaigns of 1864in theShenandoah ValleyofVirginia.[6]At this point, the Legion was down to 500 men.[6]It fought in theBattle of Cedar Creekon October 19, 1864.[2]By the time the Legion was transferred back to North Carolina, it mustered fewer than 100 soldiers.[6]An appreciative GeneralGabriel C. Whartonstated, "The gallant conduct of your command rendered your efforts to rejoin your command in North Carolina abortive, and the constant refusal to your many applications for transfer is complimentary evidence of the esteem in which you were held, and a grateful acknowledgement of the services you could render."[6]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cherokee_Confederates_Reunion.gif/325px-Cherokee_Confederates_Reunion.gif)
Back in his home state, Thomas brought the unit's strength up to 1200 men, including 400 Cherokees, by April 1, 1865.[6]Eight days later, however,Robert E. Leesurrendered his army toUlysses S. Grant.Thomas and his Legion surrendered to Union forces at Waynesville, North Carolina, on May 10.[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^"Thomas' North Carolina Legion".NPS Soldiers and Sailors System.RetrievedAugust 19,2015.
- ^abcdefgh"69th North Carolina Infantry Thomas' Legion".Excerpt of Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great War 1861–65. (Volume 3) (1901), Walter Clark (ed.), posted by the Jackson County Genealogical Society.RetrievedFebruary 1,2011.[dead link]
- ^"The Significance of Thomas' Legion".cwnc.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu.
- ^"Thomas' Legion: The 69th North Carolina Regiment".thoaslegion.net.
- ^"Will Thomas".Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation (cherokee-nc ).RetrievedFebruary 10,2011.[dead link]
- ^abcdefghijTimothy N. Osment (2008)."Thomas Legion".Digital Heritage.org (relinked: learnnc.org).RetrievedAugust 19,2015.[dead link]
- ^abc"Thomas' Legion: The 69th North Carolina Regiment".thomaslegioncherokee.tripod.RetrievedJanuary 31,2011.[dead link]
- ^ab"Thomas' Legion".stoppingpoints.RetrievedJanuary 31,2011.
Bibliography[edit]
- Volume XVI ofNorth Carolina Troops 1861–1865 A Roster: Thomas's Legion(2008), Matthew M. Brown and Michael W. Coffey (editors).