Tianmen
Tianmen
Thiên môn thị Tienmen | |
|---|---|
 Tianmen South Station Entrance Hall | |
 Location of Tianmen City jurisdiction in Hubei | |
  Tianmen Location of the city centre in Hubei | |
| Coordinates (Tianmen government):30°39′50″N113°10′01″E/ 30.664°N 113.167°E | |
| country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Area | |
| •County-level&Sub-prefectural city | 2,622 km2(1,012 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 324.40 km2(125.25 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 32 m (104 ft) |
| Population (2014) | |
| •County-level&Sub-prefectural city | 1,731,482 |
| • Density | 660/km2(1,700/sq mi) |
| •Urban | 301,000 |
| • Urban density | 930/km2(2,400/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| •County-level&Sub-prefectural city | CN¥44.0 billion US$7.1 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 34,069 US$ 5,470 |
| Time zone | UTC+8(China Standard) |
| Website | Thiên môn thị chính phủ nhân dân môn hộ trang web (translation: Tianmen City People's Government Web Portal)(in Simplified Chinese) |
Tianmen(simplified Chinese:Thiên môn;traditional Chinese:Thiên môn;pinyin:Tiānmén;lit.'sky gate') is asub-prefecture-level city(sometimes considered acounty-level city) in centralHubeiProvince, China.
It is on theJianghan Plain,on the west side ofWuhan(the biggest city ofCentral China,as well as the capital of Hubei) and the east ofJingzhou(a famous city inChinese history). Formerly known asJingling(Thế nhưng lăng), it was renamed to Tianmen in 1726 during theQing dynasty.The name comes from the Sky Gate Mountains (meaning “tianmen” in Chinese) which lie northwest of the city.[3]
It is the hometown ofLu Yu,the writer ofThe Classic of Tea,who is respected as "the Sage of Tea" for his contribution to thetea culture.Tianmen has the largest population among the same-level cities in Central China. It was honoured "National Civilized City" by Chinese government in 2014.
History[edit]
Prehistoric ancient settlements in the Tianmen area existed at least 7,000 to 8,000 years ago as evidenced byShijiaheneolithic tribal ruins which include recent discoveries of stone (jade) devices, pottery, bone, mussels, as well as bronze articles and other artifacts, such as those in the original Tao Zu patrilineal cultural heritage period.[3]
In January 2008, more than 100 persons and city officials in Tianmen came under investigation after the fatal beating of a 41-year-old man, Wei Wenhua, general manager of a construction company, who was using his cellphone to photograph a dispute between villagers and city inspectors.[4]
Population[edit]
As of the end of 2022, the permanent resident population of Tianmen City was 1,105,800 people.[3]
According to the seventh national census in 2020, the permanent resident population of the city was 1,158,640 people. Compared with the 1,418,913 people from the sixth national census, there was a decrease of 260,273 people over ten years, a decline of 18.34%, with an average annual growth rate of -2.01%. Among them, the male population was 606,285 people, accounting for 52.33% of the total population; the female population was 552,355 people, accounting for 47.67% of the total population. The total population sex ratio (with females as 100) was 109.76. The population aged 0-14 years was 199,948 people, accounting for 17.26% of the total population; the population aged 15-59 years was 659,700 people, accounting for 56.94% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 298,992 people, accounting for 25.81% of the total population, among which those aged 65 and above were 208,068 people, accounting for 17.96% of the total population. The population living in urban areas was 502,908 people, accounting for 43.41% of the total population; the population living in rural areas was 655,732 people, accounting for 56.59% of the total population.
Overseas Chinese[edit]
Tianmen City is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in mainland China and a key hometown of overseas Chinese in Hubei Province. More than 280,000 overseas Chinese, Chinese, and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao from Tianmen live in more than 40 countries and regions across five continents. The city has more than 500 returned overseas Chinese and over 82,000 relatives of overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, and Macao residents.
The emigration of Tianmen overseas Chinese began at the end of the 18th century, going through several stages including moving northward (to Europe), moving southward (to Southeast Asia), and the new immigration period.[5]
Culture[edit]
Tianmen City is a renowned cultural hometown. World cultural figures such as the "Tea Saint" Lu Yu, Tang Dynasty poet Pi Rixiu, Ming Dynasty Jingling School literary representative figures Zhong Xing, Tan Yuanchun, and Qing Dynasty top scholar Jiang Liyong were born here. Since the restoration of the college entrance examination system, Tianmen has sent over 54,000 college students to the nation, earning the reputation of the "hometown of top scholars."
Tianmen is full of places of interest and historical sites. Within its territory is the Stone Age village site of Shijiahe, the largest Neolithic village site in the Yangtze River basin to date, the famous Buddhist temple Bai Long Temple built during the Southern Dynasties, well-preserved and majestic, and Lu Yu Pavilion, Wenxue Spring, Ancient Goose Bridge in memory of Lu Yu, as well as Zhong Xing's tomb, Tan Yuanchun's tomb, and the East Lake and West Lake scenic areas.
Hubei Province Tianmen Middle School is a nationally renowned provincial model high school, founded in 1912, located at the western end of Jingling Zhong Xing Avenue in Tianmen City, Hubei Province, the hometown of the Tea Saint Lu Yu. It is a garden-style school in Hubei Province, a provincial model high school, an advanced collective in the national education system, an advanced unit in the construction of spiritual civilization nationwide, with a history of more than one hundred years.
Hubei Province Tianmen Experimental High School is located on the north bank of East Lake in Tianmen. The school's history of education can be traced back to the Tianmen Normal Training Institute founded in the 32nd year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1906), which has gone through the processes of normal schools, secondary normal schools, and high schools, changing its name nine times and relocating eight times. In 2004, Tianmen Experimental High School ranked 28th on the comprehensive strength ranking of key middle schools in Hubei Province.[6]
Geography[edit]
Administrative divisions[edit]
Climate[edit]
| Climate data for Tianmen (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.4 (68.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
31.5 (88.7) |
33.9 (93.0) |
36.1 (97.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
38.8 (101.8) |
39.7 (103.5) |
37.2 (99.0) |
34.3 (93.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
39.7 (103.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
27.3 (81.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.5 (90.5) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
21.7 (71.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
17.3 (63.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.7 (9.1) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
1.5 (34.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 41.8 (1.65) |
52.4 (2.06) |
71.3 (2.81) |
114.8 (4.52) |
151.0 (5.94) |
179.1 (7.05) |
199.1 (7.84) |
97.3 (3.83) |
69.5 (2.74) |
68.8 (2.71) |
50.3 (1.98) |
26.8 (1.06) |
1,122.2 (44.19) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.3 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 117.6 |
| Average snowy days | 4.1 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 9 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 73 | 77 | 79 | 78 | 75 | 73 | 73 | 71 | 74 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 85.7 | 84.5 | 109.5 | 136.8 | 150.6 | 137.0 | 189.1 | 197.6 | 148.4 | 132.8 | 120.0 | 104.6 | 1,596.6 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 27 | 27 | 29 | 35 | 35 | 32 | 44 | 49 | 41 | 38 | 38 | 33 | 36 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[11][12] | |||||||||||||
Hometown of overseas Chinese of Central China: Tian men is a major hometown of overseas Chinese in Central Chinese. It is hometown of approximately 80,000 overseas Chinese, and also hometown of about 200,000 Hong Kong people, Macau people and Taiwanese.
Transportation[edit]
References[edit]
- ^abMinistry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,ed. (2019).China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017.Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 66. Archived fromthe originalon 18 June 2019.Retrieved11 January2020.
- ^Hồ Bắc tỉnh thống kê cục, quốc gia thống kê cục Hồ Bắc điều tra tổng đội (August 2016).《 Hồ Bắc thống kê niêm giám －2016》.Trung Quốc thống kê nhà xuất bản.ISBN978-7-5037-7847-6.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-03-01.Retrieved2017-06-05.
- ^abc"Tiānmén shì rénmín zhèngfǔ"Thiên môn thị chính phủ nhân dân[Tianmen Municipal People's Government].Tianmen Municipal People's Government(in Chinese).
- ^Barboza, David(January 18, 2008)."Bloggers Push China to Prosecute Beating Death".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.OCLC1645522.Archived fromthe originalon December 24, 2015.
- ^"Bù yánhǎi, wú dìlì, tiānmén zěnme jiù chéngle nèi lù zuìdà de qiáo xiāng?"Không vùng duyên hải, vô địa lợi, Thiên môn như thế nào liền thành đất liền lớn nhất kiều hương?[With no coastal location and no favorable geographical location, how could Tianmen become the largest hometown of overseas Chinese in the interior?].Sohu(in Chinese). 2017-07-03.Retrieved2024-02-27.
- ^"Thiên môn thị văn hóa di sản".
- ^Thiên môn thị khu hành chính phân chia bố đồ(in Simplified Chinese). Tianmen People's Government.Retrieved29 December2017.
Nhiều bảo trấn kéo thị trấn trương cảng trấn Tưởng hồ Tưởng tràng trấn cá tân trấn Phật tử sơn trấn uông tràng trấn hoàng đàm trấn nhạc khẩu trấn Thạch gia hà trấn Thiên môn cao tân [ khu? ] Bành thị trấn thế nhưng lăng đường phố làm hoành lâm trấn tiểu bản trấn dương lâm đường phố làm chín thật trấn ma dương trấn tạo thị trấn mã loan trấn Lư thị trấn {blank} Thiên môn công nghiệp viên hồ thị trấn làm dịch trấn tịnh đàm hương
- ^Thiên môn thị lịch sử duyên cách[Historical Development of Tianmen City] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 6 August 2014.Retrieved29 December2017.
2010 năm lần thứ sáu dân cư tổng điều tra, Thiên môn thị thường trụ tổng dân cư 1418913 người, trong đó: Thế nhưng lăng đường phố 169734 người, Thiên môn kinh tế khai phá khu Quản Ủy Hội 33768 người, dương lâm đường phố 28208 người, nhiều bảo trấn 71908 người, kéo thị trấn 58347 người, trương cảng trấn 76305 người, Tưởng tràng trấn 39989 người, uông tràng trấn 39225 người, cá tân trấn 56915 người, hoàng đàm trấn 50754 người, nhạc khẩu trấn 88095 người, hoành lâm trấn 63621 người, Bành thị trấn 52070 người, ma dương trấn 48023 người, nhiều tường trấn 62396 người, làm dịch trấn 46601 người, mã loan trấn 36632 người, Lư thị trấn 55895 người, tiểu bản trấn 32630 người, chín thật trấn 72608 người, tạo thị trấn 68272 người, hồ thị trấn 30211 người, Thạch Hà trấn 50171 người, Phật tử sơn trấn 33154 người, tịnh đàm hương 27855 người, Tưởng hồ nông trường 18827 người, cỏ tranh hồ nông trường 6515 người, trầm hồ Quản Ủy Hội 184 người. Toàn thị hiện hạt 3 cái đường phố, 21 cái trấn, 1 cái hương: Thế nhưng lăng đường phố, kiều hương đường phố, dương lâm đường phố, nhiều bảo trấn, kéo thị trấn, trương cảng trấn, Tưởng tràng trấn, uông tràng trấn, cá tân trấn, hoàng đàm trấn, nhạc khẩu trấn, hoành lâm trấn, Bành thị trấn, ma dương trấn, nhiều tường trấn, làm dịch trấn, mã loan trấn, Lư thị trấn, tiểu bản trấn, chín thật trấn, tạo thị trấn, hồ thị trấn, Thạch Hà trấn, Phật tử sơn trấn, tịnh đàm hương.
- ^2016 năm Trung Hoa nhân dân nước cộng hoà huyện dưới khu hành chính hoa thay đổi tình huống[Changes to Administrative Divisions Below the County Level in the People's Republic of China, 2016].Ministry of Civil Affairs(in Simplified Chinese). December 2016.Retrieved21 April2018.
Tự hào nguyên phân ranh giới số hiệu nguyên danh xưng thay đổi nguyên nhân hiện phân ranh giới số hiệu hiện tên phê chuẩn văn kiện {...}152 429006120 Thạch Hà trấn tên thay đổi 429006120 Thạch gia hà trấn ngạc dân chính hàm 【2016】472 hào
- ^Chế tạo "Thạch gia hà văn hóa" nhãn hiệu Thiên môn Thạch Hà trấn thay tên vì Thạch gia hà trấn(in Simplified Chinese).Xinhua News Agency.10 November 2016. Archived fromthe originalon December 29, 2017.Retrieved29 December2017.
Tạc từ Thiên môn Thị Dân Chính Cục được biết, tỉnh Sở Dân Chính ngày trước chính thức ý kiến phúc đáp: Kinh tỉnh chính phủ phê chuẩn, đồng ý Thiên môn thạch hà trấn thay tên vì Thạch gia hà trấn.
- ^Trung Quốc khí tượng số liệu võng – WeatherBk Data(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved23 September2023.
- ^ "Experience Template"Trung Quốc khí tượng số liệu võng(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved23 September2023.
External links[edit]
| International | |
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| National | |
