Timeline of Eastern philosophers
Appearance
Timeline ofEastern |Westernphilosophers |
This is a wide-ranging Alpha betical list ofphilosophersfrom the Eastern traditions of philosophy, with special interest in Indo-Chinese philosophy. The list stops at the year 1950, after which philosophers fall into the category ofcontemporary philosophy.
Chinese philosophers[edit]
Ancient Chinese philosophers[edit]
Before 256 BCE (until the end of theZhou dynasty)[edit]
- Guan Zhong(died in 645 BCE)
- Confucius(traditionally 551–479 BCE) — founder ofConfucianism
- Sun Tzu(c. 544–c. 496BCE) — military philosopher
- Laozi(probably 6th century BCE) — founder ofTaoism
475–221 BCE (Warring States period)[edit]
- Mozi(c. 470–c. 390BCE) — political and religious philosopher
- Liezi(c. 440–c. 360BCE)
- Gaozi(c. 420BCE)
- Mencius(most accepted dates: 372–289 BCE; other possible dates: 385–303 BCE or 302 BCE) — political philosopher, social contract
- Xu Xing(c. 315BCE)
- Gongsun Longzi(fl.300 BCE) —School of Names
- Hui Shi(4th century BCE)—School of Names
- Shang Yang(died 338 BCE) —Legalistbureaucrat
- Shen Buhai(died 337 BCE) —Legalistbureaucrat
- Shen Dao(c. 350–275 BCE)
- Song Xing(360–290 BCE)
- Yang Zhu(370–319 BCE)— Usually classified as aHedonist
- Zhuang Zhou(Zhuangzi,c. 4th centuryBCE) — majorTaoistphilosopher
- Xunzi(c. 310–237 BCE) —Confucianist,pessimistic about human nature
- Zou Yan(305?–240? BCE)— School of Naturalists,Yin-Yang,Five Elements
- Han Feizi(died 233 BCE) —totalistic legalism
- Lü Buwei(290–235 BCE)
221 BCE–220 CE (Qin,HanandXindynasties)[edit]
- Jia Yi(201–169 BCE)
- Dong Zhongshu(c. 176–c. 104BCE)
- Liu An(179–122 BCE)
- Wang Chong(27–97 CE)
- Yang Xiong(53 BCE–18 CE)
- Zheng Xuan(127–200 CE)
- He Yan(190–249 CE)
220 CE–907 CE (Three Kingdomsperiod toTang dynasty)[edit]
- Ruan Ji(210–263)
- Ji Kang(223–262)
- Wang Bi(226–249) — commentator on theTao Te Chingand theI Ching
- Pei Wei(267–300)
- Guo Xiang(died 312)
- Zhi Dun(314–366)
- Sengzhao(384–414)
- Ge Hong(4th century)
- Zhiyi(538–597)
- Jizang(549–623)
- Cheng Xuanying(631–655)
- Huineng(638–713)
- Fazang(643–712)
- Li Ao(722–841)
- Han Yu(768–824)
- Zongmi(780–841)
- Linji Yixuan(died 866)
907–1368 (Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms periodtoYuan dynasty)[edit]
- Fan Zhongyan(989–1052)
- Hu Yuan(993–1059) — revivedConfucianism
- Shao Yung(1011–1077)
- Zhou Dunyi(1017–1073)
- Chang Tsai(1020–1077)
- Cheng Hao(1032–1085) — established theConfucian"School of Mind"
- Cheng Yi(1033–1107)
- Hu Hong(1105-1161)
- Zhu Xi(1130–1200) — thinker of the Confucianist "School of Principle"
- Lu Jiuyuan(1139–1193)
1368–1912 (MingandQingdynasties)[edit]
- Chen Xianzhang(1428–1500)
- Wang Yangming(1472–1529)
- Wang Gen(1483-1541)
- He Xinyin(1517-1579)
- Li Zhi(1527–1602)
- Jiao Hong(1540–1620)
- Liu Tsung-chou(1578–1645)
- Huang Zongxi(1610–1695)
- Wang Fuzhi(1619–1692)
- Yen Yuan(1635–1704)
- Li Gong(1659–1733)
- Dai Zhen(1724–1777)
- Zhang Xuecheng(1738–1801)
- Yu Zhengxie(1775–1840) — prominent scholar andmale feminist,philosopher,philologist,astrologer
- Kang Youwei(1858–1927)
- Tan Sitong(1864–1898)
- Sun Yat-sen(1866–1925)
- Liang Qichao(1873–1929)
- He Zhen(1884–1920)
Modern Chinese philosophers[edit]
1912–1950[edit]
- Ch'ien Mu(1895–1990)
- Thomé H. Fang(1899–1976)
- Feng Youlan(1895–1990)
- Xiong Shili(1885–1968)
- Xu Fuguan(1903–1982)
- Hu Shih(1891–1962)
- Liang Shuming(1893–1988)
- Zhang Dongsun(1886–1973)
- Liu Shaoqi(1898–1969)
- Mao Zedong(1893–1976)
- Mou Tsung-san(1909–1995)
- T'ang Chun-i(1909–1978)
- Hao Wang(1921–1995)
Indian philosophers[edit]
Ancient Indian philosophers[edit]
Early Vedic age 1500-800 BCE (Saptarishi)[edit]
- Vasishtha
- Atri
- Vishvamitra
- Agastya
- Gautama Maharishi
- Jamadagni
- Bharadwaja
- Dirghatamas,famous for his monistic views
- Lopamudra,the earliest female philosopher
Late Vedic age 800–400 BCE (Sectarianism)[edit]
- Parshvanatha(between 872 and 772 BCE) is the earliest Jaintirthankarawho is generally acknowledged as a historical figure.
- Aruni(between 750 and 650 BCE) credited with laying the foundation ofIndian atomism
- Yajnavalkya(between 700 and 600 BCE) credited for coiningAdvaita(non-dual, monism), an important tradition within Hinduism
- Makkhali Gosala(between 600 and 500 BCE) – founderĀjīvikaphilosophy
- Pāṇini(between 600 and 500 BCE) – made contributions to Philosophy of language andSanskrit grammar
- Siddhartha Gautama(c. 563–483 BCE) – founder ofBuddhism
- Mahākāśyapa– Most Venerable Mahā Kāshyapa Maha Thero
- Bṛhaspati– Founder ofCārvākaphilosophy
- Mahavira(599–527 BCE) – heavily influencedJainism,the 24thTirthankaraofJainism
- Badarayana(lived between 500 BCE and 400 BCE) – Author ofBrahma Sutras
- Kapila(c. 500BCE) founder ofSankhyaphilosophy
321–184 BCE (Maurya Empire)[edit]
- Shvetashvatara– Author of earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy ofShaivism
- Chanakya(c. 350–275 BCE) – A pioneer in the field of economics and political science
- Jaimini(c. 300–200 BCE) – Author ofPurva Mimamsa Sutras
- Aksapada Gautama(c. 2nd centuryBCE) – founder ofNyayaphilosophy
- Kanada– founder ofVaisheshika
- Pingala– Renowned for his work on Combinatorics andSanskritprosody
184 BCE–100 CE (Early Middle Kingdoms Begin—The Golden Age)[edit]
- Patanjali– Author ofYoga Sutraand acommentary on Panini
- Thiruvalluvar(c. 1st centuryBCE–2nd century CE), best known for authoring theTirukkuṛaḷ,a collection of couplets on ethics
100–300 (Cholas, Cheras, Pandavas and Kushan Empire)[edit]
- Nagarjuna(c. 150–250) – founder ofMadhyamaka Buddhism
- Kundakunda(c. 2nd century), exponent of Jain mysticism andJain nayas
- Umāsvātior Umasvami (c. 2nd century), author of first Jain work in SanskritTattvārthasūtra
300–550 (Gupta Empire)[edit]
- Vasubandhu(c. 4th century) – one of the main founders of theYogacaraschool
- Asanga(c. 4th century) – one of the main founders of theYogacaraschool
- Bodhidharma(c. 440–528) – founder ofZen Buddhism
- Vatsyayana(c. 450–500) – author of commentary onNyāya SūtrasandKama Sutra
- Bhartrhari(450–510) – contributed to linguistic theory
- Buddhaghosa(c. 5th century)
- Siddhasena Divākara(c. 5th century) – Jain logician and author of important works in Sanskrit and Prakrit
- Dignāga(c. 5th century) – one of the Buddhist founders ofIndian logic
- Bhāviveka(c. 6th century) – founder of theSvātantrika traditionof Mādhyamaka
- Śīlabhadra(c. 529–645) He is best known as being an abbot of Nālandā monastery in India, as being an expert on Yogācāra teachings, and for being the personal tutor of the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang.
- UdyotakaraUdyotakara(c. 6th–7th century) –NyayaPhilosopher
600–900 (Late Middle Kingdoms—The Classical Age)[edit]
- Candrakirti(bornc. 600) – Madhyamaka Buddhist
- Kumārila Bhaṭṭa(c. 7th century) –MimansaPhilosopher
- Udyanacharya(c. 7th century) –NyayaPhilosopher
- Prabhākara(c. 7th century) – Grammarian andMimansaPhilosopher
- Dharmakirti(c. 7th century)
- Gaudapadacharya(c. 7th century) –AdvaitaPhilosopher
- Śāntideva(c. 7th-8th century) – Mahāyāna Buddhist
- Adi Shankara(c. 788–820) –Advaita Vedantaschool
- Anandavardhana(c. 820–890) – Philosopher of Aesthetics
- Vasugupta(860–925) – Author of Shiva Sutras
- Vācaspati Miśra(c. 9th century) –NyayaPhilosopher
- Jayanta Bhatta(c. 9th century) –NyayaPhilosopher
900–1100 (The Islamic Sultanates)[edit]
- Abhinavagupta(c. 975–1025)
- Atiśa(c. 980–1054) He was one of the major figures in the spread of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism in Asia and inspired Buddhist thought from Tibet to Sumatra
- Udayana(c. 10th century) he was a very important Hindu logician who attempted to reconcile the views held by the two major schools of logic (NyayaandVaisheshika).
- Ramanuja(c. 1017–1137) – founder ofVishishtadvaitaor Qualified Non-dualism
1100–1500 (Vijaynagara Empire and Delhi Sultanate)[edit]
- Gorakshanath(11th- to 12th-centuries)
- Basaveshwara(1134–1196) – founder ofLingayatism
- Shri Madhvacharya(1238–1317)
- Gangeśa Upādhyāya(c. 13th century)
- Nimbarka(c. 13th century)
- Mādhava Vidyāranya(c. 1268–1386)
- Kabir(1440–1518)
- Vyasatirtha(c. 1460–1539)
- Raghunatha Siromani(c. 1477–1547) — founder of Navya Nyāya philosophy
- Vallabhacharya(c. 1479–1531)
- Chaitanya Mahaprabhu(c. 1486–1534)
- Ravidas(1450–1520)
1500–1800 (Mughal Empire, Rajput Kingdoms and Marahtha Confederacy Era)[edit]
- Mirabai(1498–1557) Bhakti saint & devotee of Krishna
- Nanak(c. 1469–1539) – Bhakti Philosopher, Founder of Sikhism
- Bhai gurdas:foundation sikh philosophy,Indian six school interpretation
- Madhusūdana Sarasvatī(c. 1540–1640)
- Vijñānabhikṣu(c. 1550–1600) – synthesizedVedānta,Sāṃkhya,andYogaintoavibhagādvaita( "indistinguishable non-dualism" )
- Gadadhara Bhattacharya(17th century) – Nyaya philosopher
Modern Indian philosophers[edit]
1800–1947 (Colonial and Postcolonial Era)[edit]
- Devendranath Tagore(1817–1905)
- Dayananda Saraswati(1824–1883) founder of arya samaj
- Sai Baba(1835–1918)
- Ramakrishna Paramahamsa(1836–1886)
- Swami Vivekananda(1863–1902)
- Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya(1875–1949) Phenomenology
- Narayana Guru(1856–1928)
- Rabindranath Tagore(1861–1941)
- Brajendranath Seal(1864–1938)
- Mahatma Gandhi(1869–1948)
- Sri Aurobindo(1872–1950)
- Allama Iqbal(1877–1938)
- Ramana Maharshi(1879–1950)
- Nigamananda(1880–1935)
- Gopinath Kaviraj(1887–1976)
- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan(1888–1975)
- Nolini Kanta Gupta(1889–1983)
- Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar(1891–1956)
- Jiddu Krishnamurti(1895–1986)
- A. C. Bhaktivedanta(1896–1977) — founder/acharyaofISKCON(Hare Krishna movement)
- Nisargadatta Maharaj(1897–1981)
- Haridas Chaudhuri(1913–1975)
- Deendayal Upadhyaya(1916–1968)
- U. G. Krishnamurti(1918–2007)
- Ram Swarup(1920–1998)
- Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar(1921–1990)
- Sita Ram Goel(1921–2003)
- Swami Krishnananda(1922–2001)
- Jitendra Nath Mohanty(1928-)
- Osho(1931–1990)
- Amartya Sen(born 1933)
- Bimal Krishna Matilal(1935–1991)
- Pandurang Shastri Athavale(1920–2003)
Japanese philosophers[edit]
Ancient Japanese philosophers[edit]
Until 1185 CE (until the end of theHeian period)[edit]
1185–1333 (Kamakura period)[edit]
- Shinran(1173–1261)
- Dōgen Zenji(1200–1253)
- Nichiren(1222–1282)
1333–1867 (Muromachi periodtoEdo period)[edit]
- Zeami Motokiyo(c. 1363–c. 1443)
- Fujiwara Seika(1561–1619)
- Miyamoto Musashi(1584–1645)
- Kumazawa Banzan(1619–1691)
- Itō Jinsai(1627–1705)
- Kaibara Ekken(1630–1714)
- Ogyū Sorai(1666–1728)
- Hakuin Ekaku(1686–1769)
- Tominaga Nakamoto(1715–1746)
- Motoori Norinaga(1730–1801)
- Nishi Amane(1829–1897)
Modern Japanese philosophers[edit]
1867–1950[edit]
- Nishida Kitaro(1870–1945)
- D. T. Suzuki(1870–1966)
- Tanabe Hajime(1885–1962)
- Kuki Shūzō(1888–1941)
- Watsuji Tetsuro(1889–1960)
- Sakurazawa Yukikazu (George Ohsawa)(1893–1966)
- Miki Kiyoshi(1897–1945)
- Josei Toda(1900–1958)
- Nishitani Keiji(1900–1990)
- Daisaku Ikeda(1928–)
Korean philosophers[edit]
Ancient Korean philosophers[edit]
Until 676 CE (until the end of theThree Kingdoms period)[edit]
- Seungrang(c. 6th century)
676–935 (Unified Silla period)[edit]
- Woncheuk(613–696)
- Wonhyo(617–686)
- Uisang(625–702)
- Doseon(827–898)
- Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn(born 857)
935–1392 (Goryeo period)[edit]
1392–1910 (Joseon period)[edit]
- Jeong Do-jeon(1342–1398)
- Seo Gyeong-deok(1489–1546)
- Yi Eon-jeok(1491–1553)
- Jo Sik(1501–1572)
- Yi Hwang(1501–1570)
- Yi I(1536–1584)
- Jeong Je-du(1649–1736)
- Yi Gan (1677–1727)
- Namdang (1682–1750)
- Jeong Yak-yong(1762–1836)
- Kim Jeong-hui(1786–1856)
- Choi Han-gi(1803–1879)
- Choi Je-u(1824–1864)
- Yi Je-ma(1838–1900)
Modern Korean philosophers[edit]
1910–1950[edit]
- Ryu Yeong-mo(1890–1981)
- Ham Seok-heon(1901–1989)
Tibetan philosophers[edit]
- Sakya Pandita(1182–1251)
- Rangjung Dorje(1284-1339)
- Dolpopa(Dol-bo-ba, 1292–1361)
- Longchenpa(1308–1364)
- Je Tsongkhapa(1357–1419)
- Gorampa(1429–1489)
- Sakya Chokden1428–1507)
- Gyeltsap Darma Rinchen(1364–1432)
- Mikyö Dorje(1507–1554)
- Wangchuk Dorje(1556–1603)
- Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo(1820–1892)
- Jamgön Kongtrül(1813-1899)
- Jamgön Ju Mipham(1846–1912)
See also[edit]
References[edit]