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Toronto Star

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"TheStar" redirects here. For other uses, seeStar (newspaper).

Toronto Star
Front page of the January 23, 2013, edition of theToronto Star
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. (subsidiary ofTorstar)
PublisherJordan Bitove
EditorAnne Marie Owens
Founded1892;132 years ago(1892)(asEvening Star)
Political alignmentSocial liberalism[1][2][3][4]
Headquarters8Spadina Avenue
Toronto,Ontario
M5V 0S8
Circulation193,050 weekdays
290,153 Saturdays
185,159 Sundays in 2018[5]
ISSN0319-0781
OCLCnumber137342540
Websitethestar

TheToronto Staris a Canadian English-languagebroadsheetdaily newspaper.It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary ofTorstar Corporationand part of Torstar'sDaily News Brandsdivision.[6]

The newspaper was established in 1892 as theEvening Starand was later renamed theToronto Daily Starin 1900, underJoseph E. Atkinson.Atkinson was a major influence in shaping the editorial stance of the paper, with the paper reflecting his principles until his death in 1948.[7]His son-in-law,Harry C. Hindmarsh,shared those principles as the paper's longtime managing editor while also helping to build circulation with sensational stories, bold headlines and dramatic photos.[8]The paper was renamed theToronto Starin 1971 and introduced a Sunday edition in 1977.[9]

History

[edit]

TheStarwas created in 1892[10]by strikingToronto Newsprinters and writers, led by futuremayor of Torontoand social reformerHoratio Clarence Hocken,who became the newspaper's founder,[11]along with another future mayor,Jimmy Simpson.

TheStarwas first printed onToronto Worldpresses, and at its formation,The Worldowned a 51 percent interest in it[12]as asilent partner.[13]That arrangement only lasted for two months, during which time it was rumoured thatWilliam Findlay "Billy" Maclean,The World's proprietor, was considering selling theStarto the Riordon family.[a]After an extensive fundraising campaign among theStarstaff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken.[13][15]

The paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within the year, and several owners followed in succession until railway entrepreneurWilliam Mackenziebought it in 1896.[16]Its new editors,Edmund E. SheppardandFrederic Thomas Nicholls,moved the entireStaroperation into the same building used by the magazineSaturday Night.[17]

Under Atkinson

[edit]
Joseph E. Atkinson,c. 1910s.TheStarbecame Toronto's largest newspaper under his leadership.[7]

Joseph E. "Holy Joe" Atkinson,backed by funds raised by supporters of Prime MinisterWilfrid Laurier,bought the paper on December 13, 1899.[17]The supporters includedSenator George Cox,William Mulock,Peter Charles LarkinandTimothy Eaton.[18]Atkinson became the controllingshareholderof theStar.[19]TheStarwas frequently criticized for practising theyellow journalismof its era. For decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime andsensationalism,along with advocating social change.

Atkinson was theStar's editor from 1899 until his death in 1948.[20]The newspaper's early opposition and criticism of theNazi regime[21]saw it become one of the first North American papers to bebanned in Germany.[22]Atkinson had a social conscience. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the modernwelfare state:old age pensions,unemployment insurance,andhealth care.TheGovernment of CanadaDigital Collections website describes Atkinson as:

a "radical" in the best sense of that term.... TheStarwas unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, withMackenzie King,theprime minister,was a major influence on the development of Canadian social policy.[23]

Shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of the paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the paper's liberal tradition.[24]In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed theCharitable Gifts Act,[b]barring charitable organizations from owning large parts of profit-making businesses,[25]that effectively required theStarto be sold.[c]

Atkinson's will had directed that profits from the paper's operations were "for the promotion and maintenance of social, scientific and economic reforms which are charitable in nature, for the benefit of the people of the province of Ontario" and it stipulated that the paper could be sold only to people who shared his social views.[27]The five trustees of the charitable organization circumvented the Act by buying the paper themselves and swearing before theSupreme Court of Ontarioto continue what became known as the "Atkinson Principles":[28]

Front page of theStarin 1922, coveringFrederick Banting's accomplishments withinsulin.
  • A strong, united and independent Canada
  • Social justice
  • Individual and civil liberties
  • Community and civic engagement
  • The rights of working people
  • The necessary role of government

These principles continue to affect theStar's editorial stances. In February 2006,Starmedia columnistAntonia Zerbisiaswrote on her blog:

Besides, we are theStarwhich means we all have the Atkinson Principles—and its multi-culti values—tattooed on our butts. Fine with me. At least we are upfront about our values, and they almost always work in favour of building a better Canada.[29]

Other early media ventures

[edit]

Under Atkinson, theStarlaunched several other media initiatives, including a weekend supplemental magazine, theStar Weekly,from 1910 to 1973. From 1922 to 1933, theStarwas also a radio broadcaster on its stationCFCA,broadcasting on awavelengthof 400metres(749.48 kHz); its coverage was complementary to the paper's reporting.[30]The station was closed following the establishment of theCanadian Radio Broadcasting Commission(CRBC) and the introduction of a government policy that, in essence, restricted private stations to aneffective radiated powerof 100watts.[30]TheStarwould continue to supply sponsored content to the CRBC's CRCT station—which later became CBC stationCBL—an arrangement that lasted until 1946.[30]

1971–present

[edit]

In 1971, the newspaper was renamedThe Toronto Starand moved to a modern International-style office tower atOne Yonge StreetbyQueens Quay.The originalStarbuildingat 80 King Street West was demolished to make room forFirst Canadian Place.

TheStarexpanded during the 1970s with the introduction of a Sunday edition in 1973 and a morning edition in 1981.[7]

In 1992, its printing plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at theHighway 407&400interchange inVaughan.[31]In September 2002, the logo was changed, and "The" was dropped from the masthead. During the2003 Northeast blackout,theStarprinted the paper at a press inWelland,Ontario. The newspaper's former printing plant was housed at One Yonge Street until the Toronto Star Press Centre opened.

Until the mid-2000s, the front page of theToronto Starhad no third-party advertising aside from upcoming lottery jackpot estimates from theOntario Lottery and Gaming Corporation(OLG).

On May 28, 2007, theStarunveiled a redesigned paper that featured larger type, narrower pages, fewer and shorter articles, renamed sections, a more prominent focus on local news, and less focus on international news, columnists, and opinion pieces.[32]However, on January 1, 2009, theStarreverted to its previous format.Star P.M.,a free newspaper inPDFformat that could be downloaded from the newspaper's website each weekday afternoon, was discontinued in October 2007, thirteen months after its launch.

On January 15, 2016, Torstar confirmed the closure of its Vaughan printing presses and indicated that it would outsource printing toTranscontinental Printing,leading to the layoff of all 285 staff at the plant, as Transcontinental had its own existing facility, also in Vaughan.[33]The newspaper said the closure was effected so it could better focus on its digital outlets.[34]

In February 2018, theToronto Starsuspended its internship program indefinitely to cut its costs.[35]Long a source of Canada's next generation of journalists, the paid positions were seen by journalists and program alumni as a vital part of the national industry, and their suspension, a sign of its continuing decline.[36]In 2020, the internship program returned.[37]

In April 2018, theToronto Starexpanded its local coverage of Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Halifax with rebranded daily newspapers, previously known asMetro,asStarMetro,which was a joint venture between Torstar (90%) and Swedish media companyMetro International(10%).[38][39][40]In October 2018, theToronto StaracquirediPolitics,a political news outlet. It ceased to own the property in 2022.[41][42]

On December 20, 2019, allStarMetroeditions ceased publication amid the popularity and resultant growth of news apps on mobile devices.[43][44]

The newspaper was acquired by NordStar Capital on May 26, 2020, after the board ofTorstarvoted to sell the company to the investment firm forCA$52million—making Torstar aprivately held company.[45]The deal was expected to be approved by Torstar'sshareholdersand to close by the end of 2020.[46]Canadian Modern Media Holdings made an offer of $58million on July 9, 2020;[47]NordStar subsequently increased its offer to $60million, effectively ending the bidding war.[47]A vast majority of shareholders subsequently voted in favour of the deal.[48]The takeover was approved by an Ontario judge on July 27, 2020.[49]An appeal of the judgement by another prospective purchaser failed on July 31 when Ontario Superior Court Justice Michael Penny dismissed the motion.[50]The deal was expected to close during the following week.[51][52]

In November 2022, the newspaper moved its headquarters from theToronto Star Buildinglocated on Yonge Street to a new location onSpadina Avenueat Front Street.[53][54][55][56]

Content

[edit]

Editorial position

[edit]

Like its competitorThe Globe and Mail,theStarcovers "a spectrum of opinion that is best described as urban andCentral Canadian"in character. TheStaris generally centrist andcentre-left,and is moresocially liberalthanThe Globe and Mail.[57]The paper has aligned itself over the years with the progressive "Atkinson principles" named for publisherJoseph E. Atkinson,[58]who was editor and publisher of the paper for 50 years.[59]These principles includedsocial justiceandsocial welfare provision,as well asindividual rightsandcivil liberties.[59]In 1984, scholar Wilfred H. Kesterton described theStaras "perpetually indignant" because of its social consciousness.[57]When Atkinson's son Joseph Story Atkinson became president of theStarin 1957, he said, "From its inception in 1892, theStarhas been a champion of social and economic reform, a defender of minority rights, a foe of discrimination, a friend of organized labour and a staunch advocate of Canadian nationhood. "[59]

Another of the "Atkinson principles" has been a "strong, united and independent Canada"; in a 1927 editorial, the paper wrote, "We believe in the British connection as much as anybody does but on a self-respecting basis of equality, of citizenship, and not on the old basis of one country belonging to the other."[59]The paper was historically wary of American influence,[59]and during the debates over theNorth American Free Trade Agreement,the paper was frequently critical offree tradeand expressed concerns about Canadian sovereignty.[60]The paper has been traditionally supportive ofofficial bilingualismand maintaining Canadian unity in opposition toQuebec separatism.[59]

In the 1980s,Michael Farberwrote in theMontreal Gazettethat theStar's coverage was Toronto-centric to the point that any story was said to carry an explanation as to "What it means toMetro."[61]Conversely, Canadian sociologist Elke Winter wrote in 2011 that theToronto Starwas less "Toronto-centric" than its rival,The Globe and Mail,writing that theStar"consciously reports for and from Canada's most multicultural city" and catered to a diverse readership.[57]

The advent of theNational Postin 1998 shook up the Toronto newspaper market.[62]In the upheaval that followed, editorial spending increased and there was much turnover of editors and publishers.[63]

Election endorsements

[edit]

In the 50 years to 1972, theStarendorsed theLiberal Partyin eachfederal general election.[64]In the fifteen federal elections between 1968 and 2019, theStarhas endorsed the Liberal Party eleven times, theNew Democratic Partytwice, and theProgressive Conservative Partytwice.[58]

Elections in which theStardid not endorse the Liberals took place in1972and1974(when it endorsed the Progressive Conservatives), and1979and2011(when it endorsed the NDP).[64][58]In the 2011 election, theStarendorsed the NDPunderJack Layton,[1]but to avoidvote splittingthat could inadvertently help the Conservatives underStephen Harper,which it saw as the worst outcome for the country, the paper also recommended Canadiansvote strategicallyby voting for "the progressive candidate best placed to win" in certain ridings.[65]For the2015 election,theStarendorsed the Liberal Party underJustin Trudeau,[66]and did so again in the2019 federal election.[67]

In Toronto'snon-partisanmayoral elections, theStarendorsedGeorge Smithermanin2010[68]andJohn Toryin 2014[69]and 2018.[70]

Features

[edit]

TheStaris one of the few Canadian newspapers that employs a "public editor"(ombudsman) and was the first to do so. Its newsroom policy and journalistic standards guide is also published online.[71]

TheStarstates that it favours an inclusive, "big tent"approach, not wishing to attract one group of readers at the expense of others. It publishes regular features on real estate (including condominiums), individual neighbourhoods (and street name etymologies), shopping, cooking, dining, alcoholic beverages (right down to having an exclusive on the anti-competitive practices ofthe Beer Storethat led to major reforms on thesale of alcohol in Ontariogrocery stores in 2015 by PremierKathleen WynneandEd Clark), automobiles (as Wheels), and travel destinations.

Products

[edit]

Website

[edit]

TheStarlaunched its website in 1996.[7]In October 2012, theStarannounced its intention to implement apaywallon its website, thestar,[72]effective August 13, 2013. Readers with daily home delivery had free access to all digital content. Those without a digital subscription could access 10 articles a month.[73][74]TheStarremoved its paywall on April 1, 2015,[75]and revived it in 2018.[76]

Mobile app

[edit]

On September 15, 2015, theToronto Starreleased the Star Touch tablet app, which was a free interactive news app with interactive advertisements. It was discontinued in 2017. At launch, it was only available for theiPad,which usesiOS.Based on a similar app for Montreal-basedLa Pressereleased in 2013, Star Touch is the first such app for any English-language news organization, quality-wise.[77]In slightly over 50 days since launch, the app had reached the 100,000-download milestone.[78]TheAndroidversion was launched on December 1, 2015.[79]The iOS version is rated 12+ byApple's App Store guidelines[80]and the Android version is rated Mature 17+ by theEntertainment Software Rating Board(ESRB).[81]

Circulation

[edit]
A Canada Post mailbox next to an emptyToronto Starvending box.

TheToronto Starhas seen, like mostCanadian daily newspapers,a decline incirculation.Its total circulation dropped by 22 percent to 318,763 copies daily from 2009 to 2015.[82]

100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Daily average total circulation (print and digital combined) which includes paid and unpaid copies[82]

Offices

[edit]
Offices used by theStar
1905–1929
1929–1970
1970–2022

TheToronto Starhas been located at several addresses since 1892.[9]

Notable staff

[edit]

Publishers

[edit]

Journalists and columnists

[edit]

Cartoonists

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Owners of the Riordon Pulp and Paper Company, and investors inThe Hamilton Spectator,Toronto Mailand theToronto Evening News.[14]
  2. ^TheCharitable Gifts Act,R.S.O. 1990, c. C.8 , repealed in 2009 by theGood Government Act, 2009,S.O. 2009, c. 33, Sch. 2
  3. ^But the Act's repeal in 2009 did not mean that charities in Ontario could then set up for-profit companies or pursue business activities.[26]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Toronto Star endorses the NDP".Toronto Star.April 30, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon May 3, 2011.RetrievedApril 30,2011.
  2. ^"But vote strategically".Toronto Star.April 30, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon May 3, 2011.RetrievedApril 30,2011.
  3. ^"World Newspapers and Magazines: Canada".Worldpress.org. 2019.RetrievedDecember 27,2019.
  4. ^"Star's choice: Dion, Liberals".Toronto Star.October 11, 2008.RetrievedOctober 12,2008.
  5. ^"Toronto Star Media Kit"(PDF).News Media Canada.RetrievedMarch 7,2020.Numbers are based on the total circulation (print plus digital editions).
  6. ^"Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd".Bloomberg.RetrievedMarch 8,2018.
  7. ^abcd"Toronto Star".thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.Historica Canada. December 20, 2021.RetrievedAugust 30,2022.
  8. ^Harkness, Ross (1963).J.E. Atkinson of the Star.Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  9. ^ab"History of the Toronto Star".Toronto Star.September 23, 2016.RetrievedApril 5,2017.
  10. ^"The Toronto Star | Canadian newspaper".Britannica.RetrievedFebruary 15,2019.
  11. ^"Profile – Hocken, Horatio Clarence".Parlinfo.Parliament of Canada.Archivedfrom the original on July 11, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 15,2019.
  12. ^Archer 1947,p. 3.
  13. ^abSotiron 2005.
  14. ^Rutherford 1982.
  15. ^Archer 1947,pp. 4–5.
  16. ^Archer 1947,pp. 5–6.
  17. ^abArcher 1947,p. 6.
  18. ^Otto, Stephen A. (2005)."Larkin, Peter Charles".In Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (eds.).Dictionary of Canadian Biography.Vol. XV (1921–1930) (online ed.).University of Toronto Press.
  19. ^James H. Marsh (1999).The Canadian Encyclopedia.The Canadian Encyclopedia. p. 2368.ISBN9780771020995.RetrievedJuly 10,2020.
  20. ^"History of the Toronto Star".thestar.September 23, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 29,2020.
  21. ^"A Canadian Observer".Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre. Archived fromthe originalon February 5, 2012.RetrievedSeptember 3,2011.
  22. ^Phillips, Andrew (November 1, 2017)."125 years of speaking out".Toronto Star.RetrievedJanuary 23,2018.
  23. ^"Bienvenue au site Web Bibliothèque et Archives Canada / Welcome to the Library and Archives Canada website".Collections Canada.August 30, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon July 6, 2011.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  24. ^Powell, Betsy (November 6, 2002)."Atkinson's will kept Star's resolve".Toronto Star.Toronto. Archived fromthe originalon October 23, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 12,2011.
  25. ^Bourgeois, Donald."The Charitable Gifts Act: A Commentary".RetrievedJanuary 12,2011.
  26. ^Lazier, Kate; Manwaring, Susan M. (December 2009)."Ontario Government passesGood Government Actthat includes positive changes for charities "(PDF).Miller Thomson.
  27. ^Martin, Sandra (November 8, 2005)."Beland Honderich, 86".The Globe and Mail.
  28. ^"Atkinson Principles".Torstar.RetrievedAugust 2,2013.
  29. ^Zerbisias, Antonia(February 20, 2006)."Kartoon Kontroversy Kontinues".Archived fromthe originalon March 23, 2006.RetrievedAugust 2,2013.
  30. ^abcPlummer, Kevin (March 22, 2014)."Historicist: An Invisible Giant".torontoist.
  31. ^"Torstar's Vaughan Press Centre celebrates 20th anniversary".Toronto Star.September 6, 2012.
  32. ^Kuntz, J. Fred (May 28, 2007)."You spoke, we listened: Here are the changes".Toronto Star.Toronto.RetrievedMay 25,2010.
  33. ^"Torstar to sell printing plant in Vaughan, close to 300 jobs affected".toronto.citynews.ca.
  34. ^Sagan, Aleksandra (January 15, 2016)."Torstar lays off more than 300 production, editorial staff, selling staff".Toronto Sun.
  35. ^"Toronto Star Suspending Internship Programs Indefinitely".Canadaland.February 13, 2018.
  36. ^"Why the Toronto Star internship program was unique".J-Source.February 21, 2018.
  37. ^"Toronto Star welcomes back internship program with seven young reporters".The Toronto Star.December 20, 2020.ISSN0319-0781.RetrievedDecember 28,2021.
  38. ^"Torstar hiring 20 reporters as it rebrands and revamps Metro Urban dailies across Canada".Financial Post.The Canadian Press.
  39. ^Healing, Dan."StarMetro? Toronto Star publisher rebranding free daily newspapers across Canada – cites appetite for 'progressive voice'".Calgary Herald.The Canadian Press.RetrievedMarch 30,2019.
  40. ^Popplewell, Brett (May 10, 2018)."Inside the Toronto Star's Bold Plan to Save Itself".The Walrus.RetrievedMarch 30,2019.
  41. ^"Tortar signs agreement to purchase political website iPolitics".CBC.RetrievedMarch 30,2019.
  42. ^"Torstar to purchase iPolitics media outlet".Cision.RetrievedMarch 30,2019.
  43. ^"Torstar shutting down StarMetro papers across Canada".CityNews.Rogers Digital Media. November 19, 2019.RetrievedDecember 27,2019.
  44. ^"Toronto Star shutting down StarMetro newspapers".CBC.ca.Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 19, 2019.RetrievedDecember 27,2019.
  45. ^The Canadian Press(May 26, 2020)."Torstar agrees to $52M sale to NordStar Capital".CBC News.RetrievedJuly 20,2020.
  46. ^"Torstar to be sold, taken private in $52-million deal".Toronto. May 26, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2020.
  47. ^ab"Surprise $60-million bid from NordStar locks up acquisition of Torstar".Toronto Star.RetrievedJuly 12,2020.
  48. ^"Shareholders have given a proposed $60 million takeover of the Toronto Star's publisher their seal of approval".St Catharines Standard.RetrievedJuly 21,2020.
  49. ^"Judge approves NordStar's $60-million takeover of Torstar – The Globe and Mail".theglobeandmail.RetrievedJuly 28,2020.
  50. ^"Torstar Corporation Announces Dismissal of Stay Motion in Connection with Arrangement with NordStar Capital LP".Financial Times. July 31, 2020.RetrievedAugust 1,2020.
  51. ^"NordStar takeover of Toronto Star publisher cleared to go ahead early next week".Toronto Star.RetrievedAugust 1,2020.
  52. ^"Torstar Corporation Announces Dismissal of Stay Motion in Connection with Arrangement with NordStar Capital LP".Financial Times. July 31, 2020.RetrievedAugust 1,2020.he Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Divisional Court) has dismissed a motion for a stay of the final order
  53. ^Zwolinski, Mark (November 4, 2022)."Proudfoot Corner: Memories of 1 Yonge St. as Toronto Star prepares to move".thestar.RetrievedMay 7,2023.
  54. ^"Contact Us".The Toronto Star.February 9, 2021.RetrievedMay 7,2023.
  55. ^ab"Opinion | the Star's move requires us to rethink what our office should be, post-pandemic".The Toronto Star.December 29, 2021.
  56. ^Rubin, Josh (December 14, 2022)."Shopify confirms it no longer intends to expand to massive new Toronto office space, citing shift toward remote-first".thestar.RetrievedMay 7,2023.Several other companies have already moved into the Well, including the Star, which recently moved from its long-time office at 1 Yonge St.
  57. ^abcElke Winter,Us, Them and Others: Pluralism and National Identities in Diverse Societies(University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 96.
  58. ^abcKenyon Wallace,How the Star is making its political endorsements more transparent,Toronto Star(May 26, 2018).
  59. ^abcdefTamar Harris,Through constant change, Atkinson Principles endure,Toronto Star(November 4, 2017).
  60. ^Perrella, Andrea M.L. (1995). Guy Lachapelle (ed.). "Editorials and the Free Trade Agenda: Comparison of Law Press and the Toronto Star Quebec Under Free Trade: Making Public Policy in North America".Quebec Under Free Trade: Making Public Policy in North America.Presses de l'Université du Québec: 276–79.
  61. ^Farber, Michael (August 27, 1985)."Stock deal ends talk of takeover".Montreal Gazette.p. A-3.
  62. ^"As the Globe turns – Macleans.ca".Macleans.July 9, 2009.RetrievedNovember 14,2017.
  63. ^Orth, Maureen."Black Mischief".The Hive.RetrievedNovember 14,2017.
  64. ^abKathy English,Why do newspapers endorse?,Toronto Star(October 11, 2008).
  65. ^"But vote strategically".Toronto Star.April 30, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon March 21, 2014.
  66. ^"Toronto Star endorses Liberal leader Justin Trudeau for prime minister".Toronto Star.October 9, 2015.
  67. ^"Liberals are the best choice for Canada".Toronto Star.October 16, 2019.
  68. ^"The Star's choices for Toronto mayor: George Smitherman".Toronto Star.October 17, 2010.
  69. ^"John Tory is the best choice to lead Toronto: Editorial".Toronto Star.October 21, 2014.
  70. ^"John Tory is the best choice for Toronto now".Toronto Star.October 19, 2018.
  71. ^"Toronto Star Newsroom Policy and Journalistic Standards Guide".Toronto Star.December 7, 2011.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  72. ^"The Star to launch digital subscription".Toronto Star.October 29, 2012.
  73. ^"Toronto Star launches digital subscriptions: Publisher".Toronto Star.August 13, 2013.
  74. ^"Toronto Star moving behind paywall".CBC News.August 13, 2013.RetrievedFebruary 18,2019.
  75. ^"Note to Readers: Star to end paid digital subscriptions on April 1".Toronto Star.March 7, 2015.
  76. ^"Registration".Toronto Star.June 28, 2018.
  77. ^"Toronto Star makes news with innovative Star Touch tablet app".Toronto Star.September 15, 2015.
  78. ^"Toronto Star Touch hits 100,000 downloads. Have you tried it?".Toronto Star.November 13, 2015.
  79. ^"Toronto Star Touch launches on Android".Toronto Star.November 30, 2015.
  80. ^"iTunes".iTunes.
  81. ^"Google".
  82. ^ab"Daily Newspaper Circulation Data".News Media Canada.RetrievedDecember 16,2017.
  83. ^"The Well blends redevelopment with a historic community in Toronto's west end".The Globe and Mail.January 3, 2023.
  84. ^A collection of Hemingway's work in the Star was published asDateline: Toronto
  85. ^Sullivan, Jack(December 8, 1953)."After 60 Years In Sport: 500 Sportsmen To Honor William" Billy "Hewitt".Winnipeg Free Press.Winnipeg, Manitoba. p. 19.Free access icon;Sullivan, Jack(December 8, 1953)."Sportsmen Honour W. A. (Billy) Hewitt at Dinner Tonight".The Kingston Whig-Standard.Kingston, Ontario.The Canadian Press.p. 11.Free access icon
  86. ^Hughes, Kim (May 18, 2008)."The soundtrack of a generation".Toronto Star.RetrievedSeptember 28,2010.
  87. ^Hughes, Kim (July 8, 2007)."They loved, lusted, lost".Toronto Star.RetrievedSeptember 28,2010.
  88. ^"Harper finds new communication director in ranks of ethnic media".The Globe and Mail.August 31, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon September 6, 2011.
  89. ^Gordon, Cameron."Toronto's Star... Ben Rayner In a rockcritics interview".Rockcritics.RetrievedSeptember 8,2013.
  90. ^"Ben Rayner".Toronto Star.RetrievedSeptember 8,2013.

Sources

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Further reading

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[edit]
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