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Tragheim

Coordinates:54°42′58″N20°30′44″E/ 54.71611°N 20.51222°E/54.71611; 20.51222
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tragheimwas aquarterof northernKönigsberg,Germany.Its territory is now part ofKaliningrad,Russia.

History

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Tragheim was first documented in 1299,[1]but probably already existed as anOld Prussianfarming village in 1255 when theTeutonic KnightsconqueredSambiaduring thePrussian Crusade.The German nameTragheimwas derived from the PrussianTrakkeim,meaning a village in a forest clearing (similar toTrakehnen).[2]Germanswere a minority in the village along theSchlossteichand theOberteichduring theMiddle Ages;by 1535Prussian Lithuanianswere also documented in Tragheim.[3]

Tragheim became aFreiheitsuburb under the control ofKönigsberg Castle,receiving its own court in 1528[4]and its own seal in 1577.[5]Its coat of arms depicted a brown deer's head between two green fir trees on a blue field.[4]

While Tragheim had been excluded from medieval Königsberg's walls, the village was included within the greaterBaroquefortificationsconstructed during the 1620s. Neighboring quarters were theLustgartenandBurgfreiheitto the south,Steindammto the west, the city walls to the north, the Oberteich to the northeast, and the Schlossteich to the east. Farther to the north beyond the walls was the village ofTragheimsdorfand the heath known as theTragheimer Palve.

Altstadt,Löbenicht,Kneiphof,and their respective suburbs were merged to form the united city of Königsberg in 1724. However, Königsberg Castle and its suburbs, including Tragheim, were included within the new city limits but remained under royal, not municipal, control.[6]Tragheim was merged into the city during theStädteordnungofSteinon 19 November 1808 during the era ofPrussian reforms.[7]

By 1890 the area fromNeurossgarten's Wagnerstraße through Steindamm to Tragheimer Pulverstraße was the most densely settled part of the city.[8]During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, however, many of Königsberg's affluent citizens moved from Tragheim to the new suburbs ofAmalienauandMaraunenhof.In the same era, Tragheim also had Königsberg's lowest birth rate.[9]Tragheim Gatein the city walls was dismantled in 1911 to increase traffic and development in northern Königsberg.[10]Tragheim was heavily damaged by the 1944Bombing of Königsbergand 1945Battle of Königsberg.

Locations

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As Tragheim grew, it was divided into westernVordertragheim[11]( "nearer Tragheim" ), centralMitteltragheim[12]( "middle Tragheim" ), and easternHintertragheim[13]( "further Tragheim" ).

The main thoroughfare in Vordertragheim was Tragheimer Kirchenstraße, which was named after the LutheranTragheim Church.The street ran from Junkerstraße to Wrangelstraße, parallel to Steindamm.

Mitteltragheim's main road, also called Mitteltragheim, ran from Burgstraße to Wallring. In 1897 the Baugewerkschule (building trades school) moved from Synagogenstraßse inVorstadtto Schönstraße in central Tragheim.[14]From 1860 to 1872 theater directorArthur Woltersdorff's Wilhelmstheater was located in Mitteltragheim. Acquired by the government in 1872, it was converted into the Regierungs-Präsidium, the administrative seat forRegierungsbezirk Königsberg,in 1880.[15]By 1914 theOstpreußische Zeitung,a conservative newspaper, was published from Tragheimer Pulverstraße in central Tragheim.[16]

Hintertragheim's eponymous main road ran from Theaterplatz to Wrangelstraße. Hintertragheim with its sidestreets was nicknamed theGeheimratsviertel[17](privy council quarter) because of the many court officials who lived there. Numerous prominent professors also lived in Hintertragheim.

Königsberg'sMasonic Lodgeswere located in Hintertragheim near the Schlossteich and includedZum Todtenkopfe und Phoenix,the Dreikronenloge, and the Johannisloge Immanuel.[18]A mathematical physics cabinet was located in the private residence ofFranz Ernst Neumannin Hintertragheim.[19]A Baptist chapel was constructed in Hintertragheim in 1870, while theWilhelmsgymnasiummoved from Altroßgärter Predigerstraße inRossgartento Hintertragheim in 1879.

The street Nachtigallensteig in northern Hintertragheim was named after the large numbers ofnightingaleswhich lived in the vicinity and frequented the Studentenfließ, a stream which flowed into the Oberteich. In 1698 ElectorFrederick IIIimposed a fine of 100 Gulden for shooting or caging a nightingale. While the street was long known as Nachtigallensteig, the idyllic name was only made official in 1884.[20]

TheUniversity of Königsbergmoved from its original campus inKneiphofto Paradeplatz between Tragheim and Burgfreiheit in 1861. Several of the university's buildings were also located in Tragheim. Theroyal and university librarymoved to the Braxein-Tettau-Henschesches Palais in 1901. A physics institute and an agriculture academy were located in northwestern Tragheim. TheBaugewerkschulewas situated on Schönstraße.

By the late 19th century, Wrangel-Straße in northern Tragheim contained the Protestant cemetery of Tragheim Church, a Jewish cemetery, the cuirassier barracks, and horse stables. TheBismarck-Oberlyzeummoved into the former barracks in 1931. Built in the early 20th century on the northern side of Wallring was theHaus der Technik,theChristuskirche,and theKunsthalle,while theHindenburg-Oberrealschulewas on the southern side. TheOstmessetrade fair was located just north of Tragheim.

In 1906 military engineers dismantled part of the city walls in northern Tragheim just south of theWrangel Tower(Wrangelturm,named afterFriedrich Graf von Wrangel) near the Oberteich. In order to comply with Jewish law, the city'sAdass Isroelcongregation requested the installation of aneruvto enclose the community. A wire known as theJudendrahtwas thus installed over the gap in the wall, symbolically completing theeruv.[21]

Notes

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  1. ^Karl 1924,p. 153.
  2. ^Gause 1965,p. 6.
  3. ^Gause 1965,p. 56.
  4. ^abAlbinus 1985,p. 317.
  5. ^Armstedt 1899,p. 166.
  6. ^Gause 1968,p. 76.
  7. ^Gause 1968,p. 334.
  8. ^Armstedt 1895,p. 22.
  9. ^Gause 1968,p. 760.
  10. ^Gause 1968,p. 650.
  11. ^Karl 1924,p. 163.
  12. ^Karl 1924,p. 106.
  13. ^Karl 1924,p. 65.
  14. ^Mühlpfordt 1972,p. 10.
  15. ^Albinus 1985,p. 255.
  16. ^Gause 1968,p. 619.
  17. ^Albinus 1985,p. 128.
  18. ^Gause 1968,p. 588.
  19. ^Albinus 1985,p. 324.
  20. ^Albinus 1985,p. 220.
  21. ^Albinus 1985,p. 142.

References

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  • Albinus, Robert (1985).Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung(in German). Leer: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. p. 371.ISBN3-7921-0320-6.
  • Armstedt, Richard(1899).Geschichte der königl. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Königsberg in Preussen(in German). Stuttgart: Hobbing & Büchle. p. 354.
  • Armstedt, Richard(1895).Heimatkunde von Königsberg i. Pr(in German). Königsberg: Kommissionsverlag von Wilhelm Koch. p. 306.
  • Gause, Fritz(1965).Die Geschichte der Stadt Königsberg. Band I: Von der Gründung der Stadt bis zum letzten Kurfürsten(in German). Köln: Böhlau Verlag. p. 571.
  • Gause, Fritz(1968).Die Geschichte der Stadt Königsberg. Band II: Von der Königskrönung bis zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs(in German). Köln: Böhlau Verlag. p. 761.
  • Karl, G. (1924).Geschichtliches Straßenverzeichnis der Stadt Königsberg in Preußen. Einleitung und Ergänzungen bis 1941 von Peter Wörster(in German). Königsberg: Verlag der Königsberger Allgemeinen Zeitung und Verlagsdruckerei. p. 176.Reprinted by Verein für Familienforschung in Ost- und Westpreußen e.V. Nr. 4. Hamburg, 1992.(in German)
  • Mühlpfordt, Herbert Meinhard(1972).Königsberg von A bis Z(in German). München: Aufstieg-Verlag. p. 168.ISBN3-7612-0092-7.

54°42′58″N20°30′44″E/ 54.71611°N 20.51222°E/54.71611; 20.51222

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