Triglavka
ThetriglavkaorTriglav cap(inSlovenia) or thepartizankaorPartizan cap(inCroatia)[1]is aside capthat was a part of theYugoslav Partisanuniform inCroatia,Sloveniaand westernBosnia.[2]There, it was the most characteristic part of Partisan clothing.[1]Despite its common name in Slovenia, the cap's design was not inspired by MountTriglav,but was a copy of a cap design used by soldiers of theSpanish Republican faction.The first Yugoslav models were made in the second half of 1941 inZagrebby the Communist Party activist Dobrila Jurić forVladimir PopovićandOtmar Kreačić,former fighters in theInternational Brigades,and organizers of theCroatian Liberation Front.[1]In occupied Yugoslavia, the cap originated in use amongCroatian Partisansin western Yugoslavia,[2]but quickly spread through the Partisan movement, particularly amongSlovene Partisans.
The triglavkas were very diverse.[3]In general, there existed four versions of the cap.[1]Initially, they had three prongs, with the two in front and in the back about 10 centimetres (3.9 in) high, and the middle one 14 centimetres (5.5 in) high or somewhat lower.[1][3]The second version had an about 6 cm (2.4 in) upward bent edge at the back.[1][3]The third version had the same form as the second, with a shield added at the front.[1]The third version had the edge at the back long enough to be crossed at the top and pinned with a button to the cap.[1][3]It was very practical, as it allowed for the edge to be rolled down and pinned under the chin, protecting the Partisan against wind and cold.[3]Many of triglavkas were bordered with a red ribbon.[3]
In Slovene Lands, partizankas appeared for the first time in March 1942.[3]They were at first worn by the3rd Group of Detachments,where they were prescribed with a decree.[3]Then they spread to theLower Carniolaand theWhite Carniola.in theUpper Carniola,they appeared in late first half of 1942, and in theSlovene Styria,in July 1942.[3]in theLittoral,they appeared in the second half of 1942.[3]
Triglavkas were the initial and the most characteristic element of the uniform of the Slovene Partisans.[3]They were renamed to triglavkas after MountTriglav,literary meaning "three heads", associated withthree major Slavic gods.[4]As the ascent on Triglav via its northern face was connected with the competition between Slovenes and Germans in the 19th century, the triglavka symbolically captured the primary drive for the Slovene resistance to the Fascist and Nazi armies, a national liberation.[4]Since June 1943, it was quickly replaced with thetitovka,[3]particularly after a decree about caps in April 1944.[3]Few specimens have been preserved, the majority of them being of the third type.[3]Of the first type, only one specimen has been preserved, and of the second type, none have been preserved.[3]
The partisans treated their caps with reverence. According toSavo Zlatić,losing one's cap was considered a disgrace on par with losing one's weapon.[5]
Triglavka was used as a cue for the articleTriglav from under Triglavka(Slovene:Triglav izpod Triglavke), written byFrance Avčin,a Partisan and the first post-war president of theAlpine Association of Slovenia.It was published in 1980 inPlaninski Vestnik( "Alpine Gazette" ).[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcdefghMartinčič, Vanja (1990).Slovenski partizan: orožje, obleka in oprema slovenskih partizanov[Slovene Partisan: Weapons, Clothing and Equipment of Slovene Partisans](PDF)(in Slovenian and English). Museum of People's Revolution. pp. 44–45, 50–52.COBISS17009408.
- ^abVukšić, Velimir (July 2003).Tito's Partisans 1941–45.Osprey Publishing. p. 21.ISBN978-1-84176-675-1.
- ^abcdefghijklmnoLuštek, Miroslav. "Nekaj zunanjih znakov partizanstva" [Some External Signs of the Partisan Movement]. In Bevc, Milan.; et al. (eds.).Letopis muzeja narodne osvoboditve 1958[The Yearbook of the Museum of the National Liberation 1958] (in Slovenian and French). Vol. II. Museum of the National Liberation of the People's Republic of Slovenia.COBISS172143.Archived fromthe originalon 15 May 2013.Retrieved22 February2012.
- ^abDebeljak, Aleš; Snel, Guido (2004)."Dreaming of Friends, Living with Foes".Alter Ego: Twenty Confronting Views on the European Experience.Amsterdam University Press. p. 57.ISBN90-5356-688-0.
- ^Zlatić, Savo(1971). "Uz stranice partizanskog dnevnika godine 1941-1942.". In Zatezalo, Đuro (ed.).Prva godina narodnooslobodilačkog rata na području: Karlovca, Korduna, Gline, Like, Gorskog Kotara, Pokuplja i Žumberka.Karlovac: Historijski arhiv.
Na kraju sam skicu poderao i počeo pisati listajući stranice svog medicinskog partizanskog dnevnika koji sam čuvao isto tako kao i oružje i kao partizansku kapu (jer nije bilo veće sramote od gubitka oružja ili partizanske kape) i pronio ga neoštećena kroz sve godine oslobodilačke borbe.
- ^Avčin, France (1980)."Triglav izpod Triglavke"[Triglav from under the Triglavka](PDF).Planinski vestnik [Mountaineering Gazette](in Slovenian). Vol. LXXX, no. 3. Planinska zveza Slovenije [Alpine Association of Slovenia]. pp. 143–145.ISSN0350-4344.