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The "Truly Strong Universities"(Japanese:Bổn đương に cường い đại học,Hepburn:Hontōni Tsuyoi Daigaku)is a ranking of Japan's top 100 universities by publisherToyo Keizaireleased annually in its business magazine of the same name.

There are several lists ranking Japanese universities, often calledHensachi,with most measuring them by their entrance difficulty, or by their alumni's successes.[1]The Hensachi Rankings have been most commonly used as a reference for a university's rank.[2]

Given this context, "Truly Strong Universities" (TSU) is a unique ranking system which ranks Japanese universities using eleven multidimensional indicators related to financial strength, education and research quality, and graduate prospects. It does not include any indicator of entrance difficulty. The system attempts to evaluate the university's strengths and the performance of its alumni, rather than students' prior academic abilities, or the brand of the college.[citation needed]

History

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Toyo Keizai first published the "TSU" rankings in 2000.[3]Its initial aim was to analyze private universities as companies, and conduct a financial analysis of them, which had rarely been attempted before by other mass-media. It also tried to focus on a practical point of view such as business-academia collaboration, students' academic achievements, and career support.

In 2004, the ranking system was reorganized with more multidimensional factors to capture universities not only as business organizations but also as educational and research institutions. In 2005, the report began to analyze national universities; they have been included in the rankings since 2006.

Methodology

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The "TSU" ranking is designed to assess a university's strength as an organization. It uses eleven indicators in three categories. The eleven indicators contribute equally to the rankings after the calculation ofstandardized scores."TSU" picked 181 major Japanese universities for its evaluation.[4]

Financial strength

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The financial strength concept consists of "Applicants' increasing ratio (%)", "Recurring profit margin(%) "," External fund gaining ratio (%) "and"Capital adequacy ratio(%) ".

Education and research quality

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Education and research quality is measured using "Spendings for education and research per income (%)", "Number ofGPgainings ","Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(millionyen) "and"Student/faculty ratio(%) ".

Graduate prospects

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Graduate prospects are evaluated using "Employment rate (%)", "Number of alumni as executives in listed companies in Japan" and "Average graduate salary at 30 years old (million yen)".

Effects

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AsToyo Keizaiis one of 3 Japan's leading business magazines, this ranking system is well known in Japan. When it is released, several news resources frequently report the rankings, and many universities announce their ranking.[5][6][7]In fact, sales of the magazine are higher than usual when the ranking is released.[3]Toyo Keizaistated it has received many responses from readers.[3]

Rankings such as Employment Rate and Average Graduate Salary, which is more practical for students than the overall rankings, is often cited.[5]

Institution Type 2008[8] 2009[9] 2010[10] 2011[11] 2012[12] 2013[13] 2014-15[14] 2015-16[15]
University of Tokyo National 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Waseda University Private 5 5 6 6 7 6 3 2
Keio University Private 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3
Kyoto University National 3 4 3 2 2 2 5 4
Tohoku University National 7 6 7 8 6 7 7 5
Osaka University National 4 3 4 5 5 4 4 6
Nagoya University National - 15 - 11 8 9 6 7
Toyota Technological Institute Private 6 7 5 4 4 5 10 8
Kyushu University National 14 8 8 12 15 10 8 9
Hokkaido University National 9 10 14 10 11 12 10 10
Tokyo Institute of Technology National 8 13 13 - 9 8 12 11
Hitotsubashi University National 11 18 17 7 12 11 13 12
Chiba University National 18 17 - - - - 15 13
University of Tsukuba National 15 - 16 19 - - 17 14
Meiji University Private - 19 - - - - - 15
Akita International University Public - - - - 16 - 14 16
Kobe University National - 12 10 13 18 14 18 17
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology National 20 - - - - - - 18
Sophia University Private - - - - - - - 18
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies National - - 20 - - - - 20
Gunma University of Health and Welfare Private - - - - 12 - - -
Nagoya City University Public 13 - 12 9 - - - -
Aomori Chuo Gakuin University Private - - - - - - 9 -
Juntendo University Private - - - - 16 13 19 -
Wakayama Medical University Public - - - - 19 - - -
Jikei University School of Medicine Private - - - - 20 - - -
Osaka City University Public - - - 14 - 19 - -
Kitasato University Private - 9 9 15 - - - -
Sōka University Private 17 - - 16 14 15 - -
Jichi Medical University Private - - - - - 16 - -
Kochi University of Technology Public - - - - - 18 - -
Tokyo Dental College Public - - - - - 20 - -
Tokai University Private - - - - - 16 - -
Gifu University National - - - 17 - - - -
University of Miyazaki National - - - 18 - - - -
Hiroshima University National 16 20 15 20 - - - -
Musashino University Private 10 - - - - - - -
Tohoku Fukushi University Private - 16 - - - - - -
Kwansei Gakuin University Private - - 11 - - - - -
Tokyo Denki University Private - - - - 10 - - -
Doshisha University Private 12 14 18 - - - - -
Shibaura Institute of Technology Private - - 19 - - - - -
Meikai University Private - - - - - - 16 -
Tsuda College Private - 11 - - - - - -
Tokyo Medical University Private - - - - - - 20 -
Kanazawa Institute of Technology Private 19 - - - - - - -

Criticisms

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Toyo Keizaiadmitted that the ranking system has three main problems.[3]First, the ranking has a tendency to be affected by single-year factors such as the gain of capital by the sale of assets. Because of this, it is recommended that readers look at the ranking of each university over the course of several years. Second, the value of university's brand is not reflected in the rankings. For this reason, some prestigious universities are placed in what would be considered lower positions. Third, there are no individual categories, such as private or public schools. As such, the universities' individual characteristics and strengths are not adequately considered. Furthermore, the total amount spent per student does not include labor costs, thereby improperly evaluating theLiberal Arts Collegeswhich spend significant amounts on labor (e.g.International Christian University).[16]

References

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  1. ^Hamada, Koichi (2018-02-26)."Education in the digital age".The Japan Times.Retrieved2020-01-02.
  2. ^Tăng điền tinh văn "Đại học は học sinh に gì ができるか" 2003
  3. ^abcd"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2012-03-08.Retrieved2011-04-29.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^"Bổn đương に cường い đại học 【2010 năm bản 】 tổng hợp ランキング･トップ100―― đông đại 5 liền bá, kinh đại が phản đại を nghịch 転, quan học nhảy lên (13) | | đầu tư ・ kinh tế ・ビジネス の Đông Dương kinh tế オンライン".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-03-10.Retrieved2011-04-28.
  5. ^abE.g. Nagoya University of Commerce of Businesshttp:// nucba.ac.jp/university/ranking/20101016toyo.htmlArchived2011-05-15 at theWayback Machine
  6. ^E.g. Kinki Universityhttp:// hiro.kindai.ac.jp/news/125671960613649.html
  7. ^E.g. Kyushu Institute of Technologyhttp:// iizuka.kyutech.ac.jp/20091024p.htmlArchived2011-07-21 at theWayback Machine
  8. ^"Bổn đương に cường い đại học ランキング／ đông đại が3 năm liền 続 thủ vị, phong điền công đại, võ tàng dã đại が nhảy lên -- tài vụ ・ giáo dục ・ nhận chức の tổng hợp lực で đại học を bình 価".Toyo Keizai. 21 October 2008.Retrieved15 February2017.
  9. ^"Bổn đương に cường い đại học ランキング【2009 năm bản 】 đông đại が４ liền bá, tài chính ・ nhận chức lực で quang る phong điền công đại. Danh đại, お trà の thủy が cấp duỗi -- tài vụ ・ giáo dục ・ nhận chức で thật lực を tổng hợp bình 価".Toyo Keizai. 4 November 2009.Retrieved15 February2017.
  10. ^"Bổn đương に cường い đại học 【2010 năm bản 】 tổng hợp ランキング･トップ100-- đông đại 5 liền bá, kinh đại が phản đại を nghịch 転, quan học nhảy lên".Toyo Keizai. 28 October 2010.Retrieved15 February2017.
  11. ^"Bổn đương に cường い đại học 【2011 năm bản 】 tổng hợp ランキング･トップ100-- giáo dục lực ・ nhận chức lực ・ tài vụ lực で một mình ランキング".Toyo Keizai. 8 November 2011.Retrieved15 February2017.
  12. ^"2013 năm bản ｢ đại học ランキング｣トップ300".Toyo Keizai. 15 February 2013.Retrieved16 February2017.
  13. ^"Mới nhất bản ｢ đại học ランキング｣トップ300".Toyo Keizai. 13 March 2014.Retrieved16 February2017.
  14. ^"Kinh tế chí がみた “Bổn đương に cường い đại học” ".Anh tài cá biệt học viện mai đảo giáo.Retrieved18 February2017.
  15. ^"Tuần san Đông Dương kinh tế lâm thời tăng khan bổn đương に cường い đại học".Fujisan Magazine Service Co., Ltd.Retrieved18 February2017.
  16. ^"『 Đông Dương kinh tế 『 bổn đương に cường い đại học 』』".
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