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Tuapse

Coordinates:44°06′16″N39°04′38″E/ 44.10444°N 39.07722°E/44.10444; 39.07722
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Tuapse
Туапсе
Town[1]
Black Sea coast near Tuapse in November
Black Sea coast near Tuapse in November
Flag of Tuapse
Flag
Coat of arms of Tuapse
Coat of arms
Location of Tuapse
Map
Tuapse is located in Krasnodar Krai
Tuapse
Tuapse
Location of Tuapse
Tuapse is located in European Russia
Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse (European Russia)
Tuapse is located in Black Sea
Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse (Black Sea)
Coordinates:44°06′16″N39°04′38″E/ 44.10444°N 39.07722°E/44.10444; 39.07722
CountryRussia
Federal subjectKrasnodar Krai[1]
Founded1864[2]
Town status sinceca. 1896[2]
Government
• BodyCouncil[3]
• Head[5]Alexander Chekhov[4]
Elevation
45 m (148 ft)
Population
(2010 Census)[6]
• Total63,292
• Rank250thin 2010
•Subordinated toTownof Tuapse[1]
•CapitalofTown of Tuapse,[1]Tuapsinsky District[1]
•Municipal districtTuapsinsky Municipal District[7]
•Urban settlementTuapsinskoye Urban Settlement[7]
•CapitalofTuapsinsky Municipal District,[7]Tuapsinskoye Urban Settlement[7]
Time zoneUTC+3(MSKEdit this on Wikidata[8])
Postal code(s)[9]
352800–352803, 352808, 352859
Dialing code(s)+7 86167[10]
OKTMOID03655101001
Town DayFirst Sunday of July[11]
Websiteadm.tuapse.ru

Tuapse(Russian:Туапсе́;Adyghe:Тӏуапсэ,Ṫuapsă[tʷʼapsə]) is atowninKrasnodar Krai,Russia,situated on the northeast shore of theBlack Sea,south ofGelendzhikand north ofSochi.Population:61,571 (2021 Census);[12]63,292 (2010 Census);[6]64,238 (2002 Census);[13]63,081 (1989 Soviet census).[14]

Tuapse is a sea port and the northern center of a resort zone which extends south toSochi.

History

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Early history

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Map of Circassia in 1840.

Tuapse was a large center (native land) for theShapsugstribe[15]along other areas inCircassia,with about 10,000 speakers of the language living in Tuapse currently. The name of the town is itself Adyghe (literally meaning "two waters" )[16]since Tuapse was part of historicalCircassiaand it became a part of Russia during the rule of TsarAlexander Iin 1801–1825.[citation needed]

Pre-21st century

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The modern settlement dates back to 1838, when the Russian fort of Velyaminovsky was established in the area after this region became a part of Russia in 1829 byTreaty of Adrianople.[2]During theCrimean War,the Ottomans seized the fort and held it for two years (1857–1859). The village ofVelyaminovskoye(Вельяминовское) was established here in 1864; it is the village that later became Tuapse.[2]Town status was granted to Tuapse in 1896.[2]During theRussian Empire,the town was the administrative capital of theTuapsinsky Okrug.

The Soviets developed Tuapse as an oil terminal and depot. Anoil pipeline from Grozny and Maykopwas in operation by 1928, designed byVladimir Shukhov.An oil refinery dates from the same period. No later than 1941, Tuapse's status was changed to that of a town of the krai subordination.[2]

DuringWorld War II,the German military attempted to seize the town during theBattle of the Caucasus,which caused major damage to Tuapse. The Germans reached the hills above from north, but were not able to seize the town and its port.

Russian Federation

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Following theRussian invasion of Ukrainein 2022, the Ukrainian military attacked theport of Tuapseon 28 February 2023, causing a large fire at theRosneftoil terminal, reportedly by twouncrewed aerial vehicles(UAVs). It was reported by Naval News that the reach of Ukrainian forces was growing with this long-range attack over 430 km (270 mi) away from Ukrainian-controlled territory.[17]

Administrative and municipal status

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Within theframework of administrative divisions,Tuapse serves as theadministrative centerofTuapsinsky District,even though it is not a part of it.[1]As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as theTownof Tuapse—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[1]As amunicipal division,the Town of Tuapse is incorporated within Tuapsinsky Municipal District asTuapsinskoye Urban Settlement.[7]

Geography

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The town is situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south ofGelendzhikand north ofSochi.

Climate

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Tuapse has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classificationCfa).[18]Tuapse has warm to hot summers and cool winters with frequent rainfall year-round.

Climate data for Tuapse (1955-2011)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0) 		24.0
(75.2) 		26.5
(79.7) 		30.0
(86.0) 		35.4
(95.7) 		35.1
(95.2) 		41.1
(106.0) 		40.0
(104.0) 		38.8
(101.8) 		31.2
(88.2) 		26.1
(79.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		41.1
(106.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8) 		8.8
(47.8) 		11.4
(52.5) 		15.9
(60.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		24.6
(76.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		28.5
(83.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		19.7
(67.5) 		14.4
(57.9) 		10.3
(50.5) 		18.0
(64.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0) 		5.4
(41.7) 		7.7
(45.9) 		12.0
(53.6) 		16.4
(61.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.8
(74.8) 		19.7
(67.5) 		14.8
(58.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		7.1
(44.8) 		14.0
(57.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8) 		2.4
(36.3) 		4.5
(40.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		12.6
(54.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		15.5
(59.9) 		10.8
(51.4) 		7.1
(44.8) 		4.1
(39.4) 		10.3
(50.5)
Record low °C (°F) −19.0
(−2.2) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		2.3
(36.1) 		4.8
(40.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		9.0
(48.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−19.0
(−2.2)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 143.2
(5.64) 		106.6
(4.20) 		93.8
(3.69) 		94.3
(3.71) 		95.0
(3.74) 		80.5
(3.17) 		77.3
(3.04) 		89.2
(3.51) 		114.6
(4.51) 		106.9
(4.21) 		155.4
(6.12) 		176.2
(6.94) 		1,333
(52.48)
Average precipitation days 17.5 14.7 18.3 13.6 12.2 7.4 5.0 4.2 7.8 12.7 12.4 15.3 141.1
Averagerelative humidity(%) 71.3 69.4 70.9 71.1 74.7 75.2 72.5 68.4 69.4 72.2 69.3 69.2 71.1
Mean monthlysunshine hours 94.6 109.2 139.5 181.5 254.2 300.0 333.3 313.1 250.5 204.6 123.0 96.1 2,399.5
Source: climatebase.ru[19]
Average Sea Temperature (1977–2006).[20]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average temperature 8.9 °C 8.0 °C 8.7 °C 11.0 °C 15.2 °C 19.5 °C 23.7 °C 25.0 °C 22.4 °C 18.8 °C 14.2 °C 10.7. °C

Economy and transport

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Express trainMoscow—Adlerleaving platform 1 of Tuapse station

Tuapse is home to theTuapse oil terminal.

Tuapse is one of the key transport hubs of theBlack Seacoast of theRussian Federation.The city's location determines its key importance to ensure a ground connection with the Spa capital of the country — the city ofSochi,and also makes an important item in the export commodities of the country (oil, fertilizer, coal, etc.).

There is arailway stationin Tuapse.

Miscellaneous

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The sea coast betweenDzhubgaand Tuapse.

The Russian Children CenterOrlyonok(former All-Russian SFSRYoung Pioneer camp) is located there. The world chess championVladimir Kramnikand 2005Miss Universewinner,Natalie Glebova,were born in Tuapse.

Twin towns and sister cities

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See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Tuapse istwinnedwith:

References

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Notes

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  1. ^abcdefgReference Information #34.01-707/13-03
  2. ^abcdefАзаренкова, А. С.; И. Ю. Бондарь; Н. С. Вертышева (1986).Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.)(in Russian). Краснодарское книжное издательство. p. 269.
  3. ^Charter of Tuapse, Article 23
  4. ^Official website of TuapseArchivedMarch 31, 2015, at theWayback Machine [Head of the Town](in Russian)
  5. ^Charter of Tuapse, Article 22
  6. ^abRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
  7. ^abcdeLaw #745-KZ
  8. ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
  9. ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
  10. ^http:// rt.ru/help-info/mg/index.php?SELECTED_CHAR=%D2[permanent dead link]
  11. ^Charter of Tuapse, Article 1.2
  12. ^Russian Federal State Statistics Service.Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1[2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1](XLS)(in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
  13. ^Federal State Statistics Service(May 21, 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
  14. ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
  15. ^"История под ногами".Archived fromthe originalon February 22, 2014.RetrievedJune 29,2012.
  16. ^"Официальный сайт администрации города Туапсе - История".Archived fromthe originalon May 2, 2012.RetrievedJune 29,2012.Official Website of Tuapse (Russian)
  17. ^Sutton, HI (March 8, 2023)."Ukrainian Attack On Russian Port In Black Sea Shows No Base Is Safe".Naval News.RetrievedMarch 8,2023.
  18. ^"Guwahati vs Tuapse Climate & Distance Between".guwahati.climatemps.
  19. ^"Tuapse Climate Data".Climatebase.RetrievedMarch 29,2013.
  20. ^Tuapse Water temperature 1977-2006ArchivedFebruary 18, 2013, atarchive.today(in Russian), Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  21. ^"National Commission for Decentralised cooperation".Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)(in French). Archived fromthe originalon October 8, 2013.RetrievedDecember 26,2013.

Sources

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  • Управление по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Администрации Краснодарского края. Справочная информация №34.01-707/13-03 от 23 мая 2013 г. «Реестр административно-территориальных единиц Краснодарского края».(Department of Cooperation with the Organs of the Local Self-Government of the Administration of Krasnodar Krai. Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 of May 23, 2013Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №745-КЗ от 2 июля 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования Туапсинский район, наделении его статусом муниципального района, образовании в его составе муниципальных образований — городских и сельских поселений — и установлении их границ», в ред. Закона №1756-КЗ от 3 июня 2009 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Краснодарского края об установлении границ муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №114, 17 июля 2004 г.(Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #745-KZ of July 2, 2004On the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formation of Tuapsinsky District, on Granting It the Status of a Municipal District, on the Establishment of the Municipal Formations—Urban and Rural Settlements—Within Its Structure and on the Establishment of Their Borders,as amended by the Law #1756-KZ of June 3, 2009On Amending Several Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai on the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formations.Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Совет муниципального образования город Туапсе. Решение №41.1 от 17 января 2008 г. «Устав муниципального образования город Туапсе». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования, за исключением отдельных положений, для которых предусмотрены иные сроки вступления в силу.(Council of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Tuapse. Decision #41.1 of January 17, 2008Charter of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Tuapse.Effective as of after the official publication, with the exception of certain clauses for which other dates of taking effect are specified.).
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