Tuhsi

TheTuhsiswere amedieval Turkic-speakingtribe, who lived alongside theChigil,Yagma,and other tribes, inZhetysuand today southernKazakhstan.^[1]Tuhsi were also considered remnants of theTürgeshpeople.^[2]^[3]TurkologistYury Zuevnoted a nation ( quốc ) named xúc thủy côn (Mand.Chùshuǐkūn< *t͡ɕʰɨok̚-ɕˠiuɪ^X-kuən) inJiu Tangshu,^[4]^[5]so he reconstructed xúc thủy côn as *Tuhsi-kun;however, Nurlan Kenzheakhmet noted thatTongdian's authors^[6]transcribed the same ethnonym as xúc mộc côn (Mand.Chùmùkūn< *t͡ɕʰɨok̚-muk̚-kuən), the name of aDuolu Turktribe, also transcribed as chỗ mộc côn (Chǔmùkūn<t͡ɕʰɨʌ^X-muk̚-kuən).^[7]Even so, it's unclear whether the ethnonym Tuhsi is of Turkic origin.^[8]Tuhsi may be connected toCumanclan Toqsoba, ifToqsobadid not derive fromCommon Turkictoquz"nine" andoba"clan".^[a]^[10]Hungarian orientalist Karoly Czeglédy compares the name Tuhsi to that of a medieval Eastern Iranian-speakingAlano-As^[11]^[12]tribeDuχs-Aṣ,located in the NorthCaucasusbyibn Rustah,and proposes that Tuhsis had been of Iranian-speakingAsorigins.^[13]^[b]

By the 11-century, Tuhsis led a nomadic lifestyle amongst theTurkic peoplesand on the steppe, possessed a Turkic culture, and their language belonged to theTurkiclanguage family. According toKarakhanidlexicographerMahmud of Kashgar,contemporary Tuhsis were Turkic-speakingmonoglots;after carefully analyzing linguistic materials collected from Tuhsi dialect, he praised the Tuhsi Turkic dialect, among others, for being "pure" and "most correct", both in terms of accent and vocabulary.^[15]

Notes

^e.g. Hungarian Turkologist Imre Baski suggested that the elementToqsinToqsobacould mean "plump leather bottle"^[9]
^Alternatively,D.hsāsmight be a scribal error for *Ruḫs-Ās,who were possibly connected to theRoxolani.^[14]

References

^Didar Kassymova (2012).Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan, in: Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East.Scarecrow Press. p. 138.ISBN 9780810879836.
^Gumilyov, L.Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The trefoil of the Bird's Eye View'Ch. 5: The Shattered Silence (961-1100)
^Pylypchuk, Ya. "Turks and Muslims: From Confrontation to Conversion to Islam (End of VII century - Beginning of XI Century)" inUDK94 (4): 95 (4). In Ukrainian
^Jiu Tangshuvol 194 lower
^Zuev Yu.A., "Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (translation of Chinese composition" Tanghuiyao "of the 8th to 10th centuries)", Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, pp. 124 (in Russian).
^Tongdianvol. 199
^Kenzheakhmet, Nurlan (2014). ""Ethnonyms and Toponyms" of the Old Turkic Inscriptions in Chinese sources ".Studia et Documenta Turcologica.II:296, 304.
^Minorsky, V. "Commentary" on "§17. The Tukhs" inḤudūd al'Ālam.Translated and Explained by V. Minorsky. p. 300
^"On the Ethnic Names of the Cumans of Hungary". In:Kinship in the Altaic World. Proceedings of the 48th PIAC,Moscow 10–15 July 2005. Ed. by E. V. Boikova and R. B. Rybakov. Harrasowitz Verlagh, Wiesbaden 2006, p. 50 of pp. 43–54.
^Golden, Peter B. "The Polovci Dikii" inHarvard Ukrainian StudiesVol. 3/4, Part 1. pp. 296-309
^Abaev, V.I.; Bailey, H.W. (1985)."ALANS".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. pp. 801–803
^Alemany, Agustí (2000).Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilation.BRILL. p. 1-7
^Golde, P.B. (1992) "An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples",Turcologia9. p. 53
^Alemany, Agustí (2000).Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilationp. 5-9
^Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated byRobert Dankoffin collaboration with James Kelly. InSources of Oriental Languages and Literature.(1982). Part I. p. 82-84

[10] .g. Hungarian Turkologist Imre Baski suggested that the elementToqsinToqsobacould mean "plump leather bottle"^[9]

[16] Alternatively,D.hsāsmight be a scribal error for *Ruḫs-Ās,who were possibly connected to theRoxolani.^[14]

[1] Didar Kassymova (2012).Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan, in: Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East.Scarecrow Press. p. 138.ISBN 9780810879836.

[2] Gumilyov, L.Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The trefoil of the Bird's Eye View'Ch. 5: The Shattered Silence (961-1100)

[3] Pylypchuk, Ya. "Turks and Muslims: From Confrontation to Conversion to Islam (End of VII century - Beginning of XI Century)" inUDK94 (4): 95 (4). In Ukrainian

[4] Jiu Tangshuvol 194 lower

[5] Zuev Yu.A., "Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (translation of Chinese composition" Tanghuiyao "of the 8th to 10th centuries)", Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, pp. 124 (in Russian).

[6] Tongdianvol. 199

[7] Kenzheakhmet, Nurlan (2014). ""Ethnonyms and Toponyms" of the Old Turkic Inscriptions in Chinese sources ".Studia et Documenta Turcologica.II:296, 304.

[8] Minorsky, V. "Commentary" on "§17. The Tukhs" inḤudūd al'Ālam.Translated and Explained by V. Minorsky. p. 300

[9] "On the Ethnic Names of the Cumans of Hungary". In:Kinship in the Altaic World. Proceedings of the 48th PIAC,Moscow 10–15 July 2005. Ed. by E. V. Boikova and R. B. Rybakov. Harrasowitz Verlagh, Wiesbaden 2006, p. 50 of pp. 43–54.

[11] Golden, Peter B. "The Polovci Dikii" inHarvard Ukrainian StudiesVol. 3/4, Part 1. pp. 296-309

[12] Abaev, V.I.; Bailey, H.W. (1985)."ALANS".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. pp. 801–803

[13] Alemany, Agustí (2000).Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilation.BRILL. p. 1-7

[14] Golde, P.B. (1992) "An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples",Turcologia9. p. 53

[15] Alemany, Agustí (2000).Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilationp. 5-9

[17] Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated byRobert Dankoffin collaboration with James Kelly. InSources of Oriental Languages and Literature.(1982). Part I. p. 82-84

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