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Type 10

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For other uses, seeType 10 (disambiguation).
Type 10
A JGSDF Type 10 Tank in 2010
TypeMain battle tank
Place of originJapan
Service history
In service2012 – present
Production history
ManufacturerMitsubishi Heavy Industries
Unit cost$11.3 million (2022)[1]: 5 
Produced2010 (in production)
No.built117 (FY 2010–2022)[2]: 5 
Specifications
Mass
  • 48 tonnes (full loadout),
  • 44 tonnes (standard loadout),
  • 40 tonnes (basic loadout)
Length9.485 m
Width3.24 m
Height2.30 m
Crew3 (commander, gunner and driver)
Armormodularceramiccomposite armor,steel, light-weight upper armor.
Main
armament
Japan Steel Works120 mm L/44 calibers-long smoothbore cannon with automatic loader (22 rounds)
Secondary
armament
Engine4-stroke22.6-litredieselV8MHI 8VA34WTK
1,200 hp/2,300 rpm
Power/weight27 hp/tonne
TransmissionContinuously variable transmission(hydraulic-mechanical transmission)
SuspensionHydropneumatic suspension
Operational
range
500 km
Maximum speedForward: 70 km/h
Backward: 70 km/h[3]

TheType 10(10 thức chiến xe,Hitomaru-shiki sensha)is afourth generationmain battle tankproduced byMitsubishi Heavy Industriesfor theJapanese Ground Self Defense Force.It entered service in 2012. Compared with othercurrently-serving main battle tanksin the JGSDF, the Type 10 is better equipped to deal withanti-tank weapons.[4]

Overview[edit]

The Type 10 started as the TK-X (MBT-X) project, intended to complement and eventually replace theType 74andType 90tanks in service with the JGSDF.[5]Development began in the 1990s, and production started in 2010–2011. A prototype was revealed on February 13, 2008 at the Technology Research and Development Institute (TRDI) inSagamihara, Japan.[5]Emphasis was placed on the design's command and control capabilities.[6]

Design[edit]

Development history[edit]

In the early 2000s, the JGSDF recognized a need to field afourth generation tankin order to compete on a modern battlefield.C4I(Command, Control, Communication, Computing and Intelligence) capability was considered a high priority in designing the Type 10.[5]

A Ministry of Defense assessment found that C4I upgrades to existing Type 74 and Type 90 tanks were not feasible, primarily due to a lack of internal space. Thus, development of a completely novel main battle tank was deemed necessary.[5]

Armor[edit]

The use ofmodularcomponents significantly improves the side armor compared to the Type 90. Thecommander'spanoramic sight was moved to the right, and is mounted higher compared to the Type 90, giving the commander a widerfield of view.

The vehicle's armor consists of removable sections, allowing operators to balance weight and protection depending on the mission profile. The Type 10 weighs 40 tonnes (44 short tons) in its base configuration, 44 tonnes (49 short tons) in standard configuration, and 48 tonnes (53 short tons) fully loaded. The prototype featured in 2008 at TRDI weighed 44 tonnes.[7]

The Type 10 weighs less than its predecessor, the Type 90. The composite armor weight was increased, however, from 1,380 to 1,940 kg (3,040 to 4,280 lb) for the turret, and from 1,249 to 2,680 kg (2,754 to 5,908 lb) for the hull.

In a penetration resistance test,APFSDSrounds were fired at the hull from a distance of 250 m (270 yd).[8][9]Each armor module andmantletachieved the required performance specified in "Type 10 tank GV-Y120001E".

Protection against 120mmkinetic energy penetratorsis limited to the front of the hull, turret, and gun mantlet, with the exception of the lowerglacis.

The top armor can effectively counterexplosively formed penetratorsand related threats.[10]

Electronics[edit]

The Type 10 tank is equipped with aC4Isystem (command, control, communication, computer & intelligence) known as "10NW". This system integrates into the JGSDF network and enables real-time data sharing between tanks. It works alongside the Field Communication System (FiCS)[5]and the Regiment Command Control System (ReCS).[4]

According to design documentation, the C4I system enables the following:[11]

In addition to the above C4I capabilities, the Type 10 also includes:

A Type 10 fires its main gun
The Type 10 is equipped with a 120mm smoothbore gun

Armament[edit]

Whereas the Type 90 was equipped with theRheinmetall Rh-120smoothbore main gun (as on the GermanLeopard 2), the Type 10 uses a novel 120mm gun developed byJapan Steel Works.[5]The gun can fire the newly developed Type 10APFSDSround.[14]It can also fire the JM33 APFSDS (a variant of the German DM33 shell, produced domestically under license) as well as120mm NATOammunition. The Type 10 holds 14 rounds in the autoloader, 2 behind the gunner, and 6 rounds in the ready ammunition storage, with a total of 36 rounds carried on board.[15]

The gunner has access to aType 74coaxial machine gunchambered in7.62×51mm NATO.The Type 74 is a heavier, vehicle-mounted variant of theSumitomo Type 62machine gun.

AM2 Browning.50 calibermachine gun chambered in12.7x99mm NATOispintle-mountedon the roof, and can be crewed by the commander.

Strategic transportation[edit]

The predecessor of the Type 10, the Type 90, was deployed only inHokkaidodue to road and bridge weight limitations in mainland Japan. For this reason, weight was a priority in design, as the Type 10 needed to be capable of deploying anywhere in Japan. Size and weight reductions made the Type 10 six tonnes lighter than the Type 90. Approximately 84% of bridges in Japan can accommodate the Type 10, compared to only 65% for the Type 90, and ~40% for other NATO tanks.[16]

Development[edit]

The development costs as of 2008 are approximately¥48.4billion(equivalent to¥49.8billionorUS$457 million in 2019)[17].The projected cost per unit was approximately¥700 million (equivalent to¥720.6 million orUS$6.6 million in 2019)[17].[7]

TheJapanese Ministry of Defenseformally acknowledged the Type 10 in December 2009.

In 2010, the Japanese Ministry of Defense placed a¥12.4billion(equivalent to¥13billionorUS$119.6 million in 2019)[17]order for thirteen Type 10 tanks.[18]

The Type 10 entered service in January 2012,[19]with production continuing at a steady rate. As of 2020, there were 76 units in service, with plans to order 12 more that year.[20]

Export attempt[edit]

On 4 January 2014, sources revealed thatTurkeywas interested in signing a joint development deal of tank engines based on the Type 10's engine. The Type 10 tank boasts high mobility, including a backward movement speed of 70 km/h (43 mph).[21]The engine was to power the TurkishAltaytank. However, negotiations broke down, and the deal was "off the agenda" by March 2014. Provided reasons included Japan's stringent arms export ban laws, Turkey's intention to export the Altay themselves, and Japan's reluctance to license the engine.[22]

Operators[edit]

Gallery[edit]

  • 2010 prototype model
    2010 prototype model
  • Rear view of the prototype
    Rear view of the prototype
  • Production model
    Production model
  • Closeup view showing M2 Browning .50 caliber and smoke launchers
    Closeup view showing M2 Browning.50 caliber and smoke launchers
  • Closeup view showing sensor package and M2
    Closeup view showing sensor package and M2
  • A tanker in the commander's hatch
    A tanker in the commander's hatch
  • A Type 10 leans forward on its suspension as it decelerates
    Braking demonstration
  • Type 90 (left) and Type 10 (right)
    Type 90 (left) and Type 10 (right)
  • Type 74 (left) and Type 10 (right)
    Type 74 (left) and Type 10 (right)
  • A Type 10 leans forward on its suspension as it decelerates
    Braking demonstration during exercise
  • Front view
    Front view
  • Prototype on display
    Prototype on display

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Ta が quốc の phòng vệ と dư tính ～ phòng vệ lực cường hóa gia tốc パッケージ～ - lệnh cùng ４ niên độ dư tính ( lệnh cùng ３ niên độ bổ chính を hàm む ) の điểm chính"[Japan's Defense and Budget - Acceleration Package for Strengthening Defense Capabilities - - Overview of the FY2022 Budget (including FY2021 Amendment) - FY2022 Budget Overview](PDF)(in Japanese). Phòng vệ trang bị sảnh. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2023-03-06.Retrieved2023-03-22.
  2. ^"Ta が quốc の phòng vệ と dư tính ～ phòng vệ lực cường hóa gia tốc パッケージ～ - lệnh cùng ４ niên độ dư tính ( lệnh cùng ３ niên độ bổ chính を hàm む ) の điểm chính"[Japan's Defense and Budget - Acceleration Package for Strengthening Defense Capabilities - - Overview of the FY2022 Budget (including FY2021 Amendment) - FY2022 Budget Overview](PDF)(in Japanese). Phòng vệ trang bị sảnh. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2023-03-06.Retrieved2023-03-22.
  3. ^10 thức chiến xe đi hành triển lãm Type10 Tank, Japan's new MBT.YouTube.11 July 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 9 April 2016.Retrieved3 April2015.
  4. ^ab"Introduction of the aircraft Type 10 tank -Japanese Ministry of Defense, Japan Defense Focus No.33 Column".Oct 2012. Archived fromthe originalon January 27, 2013.
  5. ^abcdefIchinohe 2011.
  6. ^Japanese Ministry of Defense Technology Research and Development Institute (TRDI)."Department of Ground Systems Development".Archived fromthe originalon September 1, 2010.RetrievedMay 10,2010.
  7. ^abcGlobalSecurity.org."Type 10 MBT-X Prototype (TK-X)".Archived fromthe originalon December 12, 2018.
  8. ^"Chính diện muốn bộ nại đạn tính thí nghiệm の ため の 労 vụ mượn thượng"[Borrowing labor for bulletproof test of main part of front](PDF).p. 13.Archived(PDF)from the original on February 21, 2012.RetrievedJune 28,2021.
  9. ^"Resilience test method for armored kinetic energy bullets NDS Z 0012B"(PDF).RetrievedJune 25,2021.
  10. ^"Phòng vệ sảnh kỹ thuật nghiên cứu bản bộ 50 năm sử".
  11. ^Defense Industrial Production Committee 2014.
  12. ^ab"Accelerating Defence Acquisition: What Defence Can Learn From the World of Motorsport"(PDF).RUSI Defence Systems.Royal United Services Institute:81–82. June 2008. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on November 20, 2008.RetrievedFebruary 5,2009.
  13. ^"１０ thức chiến xe による chiến xe bắn kích huấn luyện".RetrievedJanuary 22,2021.
  14. ^"Japanese MOF report"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on February 3, 2013.RetrievedMarch 6,2015.
  15. ^"Type 10, 10 thức chiến xe".WeaponSystems.net.RetrievedMarch 15,2022.
  16. ^Ministry of Defence (April 2010)."Tân たな thời đại の an toàn bảo đảm と phòng vệ lực に quan する chia sẻ tâm tư sẽ - đệ 5 hồi xứng bố tư liệu “Phòng vệ sinh sản ・ kỹ thuật cơ bàn” "[Handout for the Fifth Meeting of The Council on Security and Defense Capabilities in the New Era - Defense Production and Technology Base](PDF)(in Japanese).Archived(PDF)from the original on March 4, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 15,2017.
  17. ^abc1868 to 1938:Williamson J.,Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Japan 1831-1938,1939 to 1945:Bank of JapanHistorical StatisticsAfterwards, Japanese Historical Consumer Price Index numbers based on data available from the Japanese Statistics Bureau.Japan Historical Consumer Price Index (CPI) – 1970 to 2014Retrieved 30 July 2014. For between 1946 and 1970, from"Chiêu cùng chiến sau sử".Retrieved2015-01-24.
  18. ^"Based on the production of thirteen Type 10 tanks during FY2010"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on March 23, 2011.RetrievedJune 5,2010.
  19. ^"Thời sự ドットコム: Động họa đặc tập lục thượng tự vệ đội “１０ thức chiến xe” nhập hồn thức ＝ lượng sản hình １ hào xe に cơ giáp の hồn を rót vào "[Ceremony to mark the unit on the first mass-produced vehicle].Thời sự ドットコム(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2015.Retrieved3 April2015.
  20. ^Armyrecognition, ed. (March 16, 2020)."Army of Japan to acquire more local-made Type 10 Main Battle Tanks MBTs".armyrecognition.RetrievedMarch 18,2021.
  21. ^Armyrecognition, ed. (January 7, 2014)."Japan is looking to develop an engine for main battle tank in collaboration with Turkey".Archived fromthe originalon January 7, 2014.
  22. ^"Japan Deal Scrapped, Turkey Looking for Tank Engine".Defensenews.5 March 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 7 March 2014.Retrieved8 March2014.
  23. ^"Lục thượng tự vệ đội: Xe lạng (JGSDF: Vehicles)".Lục thượng tự vệ đội công thức Webサイト (JGSDF Official Website)(in Japanese).Retrieved2022-12-18.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Defense Industrial Production Committee, ed. (February 2014). "10 thức chiến xe と sau này の chiến xe chế tạo の trạng thái" [Type 10 tanks and the future of tank manufacturing].Special Journal of Defense Industrial Production Committee ( phòng vệ sinh sản ủy ban đặc báo )(in Japanese) (285).Japan Business Federation.NAID40019994077.
  • Kiyotani, Shinichi[in Japanese](27 February 2008). "Japan unveils TK-X main battle tank prototype".Jane's Defence Weekly.45(9): 13.
  • Ichinohe, Takao (June 2011). "Type 10 Tanks of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force".10 thức chiến xe と thứ nhiều thế hệ đại hình chiến đấu xe[Type 10 Tanks and Next-generation Heavy Fighting Vehicles]. Supplement toJapan Military Review(in Japanese).NCIDAN00067836.
  • Technical Research and Development Institute, ed. (2012).Phòng vệ tỉnh kỹ thuật nghiên cứu bản bộ 60 năm sử[Sixty Years of the Technical Research Headquarters of the Ministry of Defense] (in Japanese).Ministry of Defense.NCIDBB10936527.

External links[edit]

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