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Typhoon Matsa

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Typhoon Matsa (Gorio)
Typhoon Matsa at peak intensity on August 4
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 29, 2005
ExtratropicalAugust 7, 2005
DissipatedAugust 9, 2005
Typhoon
10-minute sustained(JMA)
Highest winds150 km/h (90 mph)
Lowest pressure950hPa(mbar); 28.05inHg
Category 2-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained(SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds165 km/h (105 mph)
Lowest pressure954hPa(mbar); 28.17inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities25 total
Damage$2.23 billion (2005USD)
Areas affectedTaiwan,China,Korea,Japan
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the2005 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Matsa,known in the Philippines asTyphoon Gorio,was the second of eight Pacifictropical cyclonesto makelandfallon China during the2005 Pacific typhoon season.The ninth tropical storm and fifth typhoon of the season, Matsa developed on July 30 to the east of thePhilippines.Matsa intensified as it tracked northwestward, and attained peak 10-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (93 mph) nearTaiwanbefore weakening and striking the Chinese province ofZhe gian gon August 5. The system continued northward into theYellow Sea,and on August 7 Matsa becameextratropicalafter again moving ashore along theLiaodong Peninsula.Matsais a Laotian name for alady fish.[1]

InTaiwan,Matsa dropped torrential rainfall of up to 1,270 mm (50 in), which caused mudslides and moderate damage across the island. Flooding from the rainfall contaminated some water supplies, leaving around 80,000 homes without water at one point; much ofTaoyuan County(now Taoyuan City) was without water for at least 5 days. As in Taiwan, the typhoon dropped heavy precipitation in the People's Republic of China, and in combination with strong winds destroyed about 59,000 houses and damaged more than 20,000 km2(7,700 sq mi) of croplands. Throughout the country, Matsa caused 25 direct fatalities and ¥18 billion (2005CNY,$2.23 billion 2005 USD) in damage.

Meteorological history[edit]

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Storm type
triangleExtratropical cyclone,remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origin of Typhoon Matsa is traced to the formation of an area of convection about 185 km (115 mi) east ofYapin late July. The convection gradually consolidated over a weak low-level circulation, and at 0300 UTC on July 30 the system was first mentioned in theJoint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) Significant Tropical Weather Outlook. Located within an area of moderatewind shear,the system continued to slowly organize, and by 1200 UTC on July 30 it was sufficiently organized for theJapan Meteorological Agency(JMA) to classify it as a weak tropical depression while located about 65 km (40 mi) east of Yap. Shortly thereafter, the JTWC followed suit by issuing atropical cyclone formation alert.The depression tracked steadily westward, followed by a turn to the northwest on July 31 under the influence of a mid-levelridgeto its east. It continued to organize, and at 1200 UTC on July 31 it intensified into Tropical Storm Matsa; the depression was unofficially classified a tropical storm six hours earlier by the JTWC. Additionally, thePhilippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA) named the system Tropical Storm Gorio, due to its location within the administration's area of responsibility.[1][2][3]

Tropical Storm Matsa gradually intensified as it tracked steadily northwestward; by late on August 1 it strengthened into a severe tropical storm.Outflowand deep convection to the north remained limited, though the storm was able to intensity further to attain typhoon status on August 2 about 780 km (480 mi) south ofOkinawa.Intensification slowed, and late on August 3 Matsa reached a peak intensity of 150 km/h (93 mph) while located 495 km (308 mi) east of the southern tip ofTaiwanas reported by the JMA; the JTWC and the National Meteorological Center of China reported the typhoon as strengthening further to attain peak winds of 165 km/h (103 mph) on August 4. Shortly after passing over the Japanese island ofIshigaki,Matsa began to weaken steadily as it approached the coast of China, and madelandfallas a minimal typhoon late on August 5 nearYuhuanin the southern region ofZhe gian gProvince. It crossed the Gulf of Yueqing and 40 minutes after its first landfall it struck Mainland China nearYueqing.It quickly weakened to a tropical storm, and within hours of moving ashore the JTWC issued its last advisory. Matsa turned to the north, weakening to a tropical depression on August 7 shortly before entering theYellow Sea.The weakening depression continued northward, and became anextratropical cycloneon August 9 after hitting theLiaodong Peninsula.[1][2][3]

Preparations[edit]

Typhoon Matsa making landfall on August 6

TheTaiwanCentral Weather Bureauwarned for the potential for heavy amounts of rainfall across the island. This resulted in officials to close schools and offices inTaipei.Additionally, the typhoon caused the cancellation or delay of several flights in and out of Taipei,[4]though complete air service was restored by the day after Matsa's passage.[5]TheTaiwan Stock Exchangeclosed due to the threat of the typhoon.[6]

Prior to the arrival of the typhoon, officials in China ordered the evacuation of about 2.3 million people, mostly inZhe gian g.The typhoon also resulted in the cancellation or delay of thousands of flights,[1]with the two main airports inShanghaiclosed for 30 hours.[7]Officials near Matsa's projected landfall were advised to lower the levels in reservoirs to mitigate the threat of flooding.[8]In Zhe gian g, officials set up shelters for about 35,000 boats to prevent marine damage.[9]Due to the potential for rough seas, officials closed the port atNingboandShanghaiand also canceled some ferry service.[10]Matsa was predicted to be first typhoon to affectBeijingin 11 years by dropping heavy amounts of rainfall.[11]Local officials advised water operators to lower water levels to prevent flooding.[12]Up to 100 mm (3.9 in) of rainfall was forecast for the city, and officials prepared to evacuate 40,000 residents in the outskirts of the city.[13]

Impact[edit]

Taiwan[edit]

While passing to the north ofTaiwan,Matsa produced strong winds reaching 144 km/h (89 mph), with gusts of up to 188 km/h (117 mph).[5]The storm dropped heavy rainfall across the island, with precipitation totals reaching up to 1,270 mm (50 in) in a 30‑hour period; one station located inTaitung Countyrecorded 843 mm (33.2 in) in one day, which was the highest daily rainfall total in association with the storm. The rainfall led to flooding and mudslides throughout the island.[1]In response to the flooding, residents placed sandbags around houses and office buildings to prevent flood damage.[4]The mudslides blocked roads across the mountainous region, leaving hundreds stranded, and in combination with flooding the mudslides washed away several bridges and damaged some roadways. Strong winds left 56,211 houses without power, most of which were quickly repaired. Typhoon Matsa caused moderate crop damage across the island, which was still recovering from the damage caused byTyphoon Haitanga month before.[5]More than 80,000 homes were left without water due to the passage of the typhoon.[5]Subsequent flooding left more than 630,000 homes without water or receiving water at infrequent intervals.[14]About 368 hectares (910 acres) of crop fields were destroyed,[15]and crop damage from Matsa totaledNT$47 million (2005 TWD, $1.5 million 2005 USD).[1]According to the Taiwan Council of Agriculture, the banana and pear crops were the worst affected.[15]

China[edit]

Deaths and damage by province
Region Deaths Damage
(2005CNY) 		Damage
(2005USD)
Zhe gian g 5 8.9 billion $1.1 billion
Shanghai 7 1.3 billion $165 million
Jiangsu 8 3.4 billion $420 million
Anhui 2 660 million $81 million
Shandong 0 2.9 billion $358 million
Liaoning 3 600 million $74 million
Hebei 0 170 million $21 million
Total 25 18 billion $2.23 billion

Upon making landfall in China, several coastal locations reported winds in excess of 120 km/h (75 mph), with wind gusts peaking at 175 km/h (109 mph). Further inland, winds reached 147 km/h (91 mph) atShanghai,the highest wind gust on record in the city. The storm produced heavy amounts of rainfall, reaching a maximum of 701 mm (27.6 in) at a station inYongjia County.Extreme amounts of precipitation fell in short durations, including 91 mm (3.6 in) in just 1 hour and 200 mm (7.9 in) in 3 hours atDinghai District.[1]Just days after a previous heavy rainfall event,[16]the rainfall from Matsa caused record-breaking river flooding along eight Chinese rivers, including a station at a floodgate onSuzhou Creekwhich peaked at 4.55 m (14.9 ft).[1]

Matsa on August 5

InZhe gian g,where Matsa made landfall, highstorm tidesoccurred along the coastline. In some areas, water levels rose quickly,[8]with some coastal homes experiencing flooding from the tide. Rough seas off ofNingbocapsized a fishing boat, leaving its three occupants missing.[10]About two-thirds of the province reported more than 50 mm (2.0 in) of rainfall,[17]resulting in flooding in low-lying areas[8]as well as severalmudslides,[10]one of which killed two people.[18]The combined effects of the winds and rains destroyed 21 reservoirs and more than 200 km (120 mi) ofembankment,and damaged several water stations.[17]Matsa damaged 3,380 km2(1,310 sq mi) of crops,[1]with around 224 km2(86 sq mi) of cropland destroyed from the flooding.[10]About 13,000 houses were destroyed in the province. Throughout Zhe gian g, Matsa caused $8.9 billion (2005CNY,$1.1 billion 2005 USD) in damage and five direct fatalities.[1]

Heavy rainfall inShanghaiflooded 84 city streets; in some locations insufficient water drainage left homes and apartments flooded,[19]with a total of 20,000 houses reporting flooding.[7]The flooding also closed the city subway system for a few hours.[1]Strong winds downed 2,700 trees and 400 power lines in the city.[7]The typhoon damaged a construction site in the city, leaving three injured and one person killed.[20]Throughout the city an estimated 15,000 houses were destroyed. Additionally, four people were electrocuted as a result of the flooding.[12]In Shanghai alone, damage totaled $1.33 billion (2005CNY,$164.5 million 2005 USD); seven people died in the city.[1]

Despite the anticipated effects,Beijingexperienced only light rainfall.[13]Throughout China, over 31 million people were affected in over eight provinces. Typhoon Matsa left the agricultural industry severely impacted, with over 20,000 km2(7,700 sq mi) damaged.[1]The combination of its winds and flooding damaged around 200,000 buildings,[21]including a total of 59,000 destroyed houses. Damage in the country totaled about $18 billion (2005CNY,$2.23 billion 2005 USD).[1]

Okinawa and South Korea[edit]

Typhoon Matsa affected the southernmostOkinawa Prefecture,and produced peak wind gusts of 182 km/h (51 m/s; 113 mph) onIshigaki.The storm dropped moderate to heavy rainfall across the region, peaking at 318 mm (12.5 in) onMiyako-jima.[1]

The remnants of Matsa also affected South Korea, with moderate amounts of rainfall reaching 229 mm (9.0 in) inMasan.[1]

Aftermath[edit]

Subsequent to the passage of the typhoon inTaiwan,large quantities of mud and impurities entered and polluted the Shihmen Reservoir inTaoyuan County(now Taoyuan City),[22]the county's primary source of water.[23]Severe cloudiness occurred in the water, and at one time the reservoir recorded 25,000nephelometric turbidity units.[14]Such facilities are unable to operate with mud in the water,[24]and in response, the Taiwan Water Corporation established temporary water stations to alleviate the situation,[5]and the Pingting Water Treatment Plant worked to treat the problem.[14]Furthermore, officials drilled wells to accommodate the shortage. Water supply in the southern portion of Taoyuan County was restored by five days after the storm,[25]with supply restored to the northern portion of the county by ten days after the passage of the typhoon.[23]The same problem had occurred previously afterTyphoon Mindullein July 2004.[14]As a result of the crop damage, the Taiwan Council of Agriculture opened its reserve of frozen vegetables to prevent overharvesting of the existing crops.[5]Despite the measures, crop prices reached record levels, which led to groups calling out for the government to stabilize the price of foods. In reaction, a member of the Council of Agriculture remarked that "vegetable prices [were] expected to go back to normal gradually... as supplies increase[d]."[26]The passage of the typhoon left hundreds of residents inHsinchu Countyisolated from the outside world for four days. As a result, officials deployed helicopters with rescue supplies and returned with the injured. Aid from one internal organization totaled $NT300,000 (2005 TWD, $9,500 2005 USD).[27]Shortly after the effects of the typhoon ended on the island, work began to repair and rebuild the impacted bridges and roads. Electricians quickly began restoring power across northern Taiwan; by the day after the typhoon's passage, the number of houses without power decreased by 90%.[28]

In the People's Republic of China, members of thePeople's Liberation Armyassisted in search and rescue operations.[18]Officials called for about 100,000 citizens in Shanghai for work in disaster control and distribution of relief aid,[29]with some providing relief supplies to flooded areas by inflatable rafts.[30]Within a month, TyphoonsTalimandKhanunalso affected the same area, further compounding the effects of Matsa.[31]During the 38th Session of theWorld Meteorological OrganizationinHanoi, Vietnam,the nameMatsawas retired;[32]during the next session, the namePakharwas nominated as its replacement.[33]It was first used in the2012 season.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdefghijklmnopGary Padgett (2005)."Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2005".Retrieved2007-04-15.
  2. ^abJoint Typhoon Warning Center (2007)."Typhoon (TY) 09W (Matsa) Report".Archived fromthe originalon June 7, 2011.Retrieved2007-04-15.
  3. ^abJapan Meteorological Agency (2005)."2005 Western Pacific Best Track".Archived fromthe originalon December 10, 2006.Retrieved2007-04-15.
  4. ^abGary Carpenter (2005)."Catastrophe Information for Typhoon Matsa: Status Report 1"(PDF).Retrieved2007-04-15.[dead link]
  5. ^abcdefJessie Ho (2005-08-06)."More rain as Matsa heads for China".Taipei Times.Retrieved2007-04-18.
  6. ^Agence France-Presse (2005-08-07)."Asian stock markets enter mid-summer doldrums".Retrieved2007-04-21.
  7. ^abcGuy Carpenter (2005)."Catastrophe Information for Typhoon Matsa: Status Report 2"(PDF).Retrieved2007-04-16.[dead link]
  8. ^abcXinhua News Agency (2005-08-06)."Typhoon Matsa Batters East China".Retrieved2007-04-21.
  9. ^Xinhua News Agency (2005-08-06)."Zhe gian g evacuates 510,000 as typhoon Matsa approaches".Archived fromthe originalon October 8, 2012.Retrieved2007-04-21.
  10. ^abcdBill Savadove; Lillian Yang (2005-08-06). "Shanghai braces for powerful typhoon". South China Morning Post.
  11. ^Danwei- Chinese media, advertising; urban life (2005)."Beijing Media Top Stories: Typhoon Matsa, Six-party talks and soccer".Retrieved2007-04-18.
  12. ^abJane Cai; Vivian Wu (2005-08-09). "Beijing escapes downpour as killer storm loses power". South China Morning Post.
  13. ^abIrene Wang (2005-08-11). "Chief rides storm over typhoon prediction". South China Morning Daily.
  14. ^abcdLee Ken-cheng (2005-08-13)."Water woes demand creative fixes".Taipei Times.Retrieved2007-04-18.
  15. ^abSofia Wu (2005-08-06). "Agricultural Losses from Typhoon Matsa Estimated at NT$4.7 Million". Taiwan Central News Agency.
  16. ^International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies(2005-08-05)."China: Floods Information Bulletin No. 7".Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.Retrieved2007-04-21.
  17. ^abXinhua News Agency (2005-08-07). "Typhoon Matsa kills 2, causes huge damages in Zhe gian g".
  18. ^abDeutsche Presse-Agentur (2005-08-07). "Typhoon results in four deaths, millions in damage in China".
  19. ^Xinhua News Agency (2005-08-07). "Shanghai lifts typhoon warning as Matsa moves northwest".
  20. ^Quentin Sommerville (2005-08-06)."Typhoon drives million from homes".BBC.Retrieved2007-04-18.
  21. ^Xinhua News Agency (2005-08-09). "Matsa causes huge economic losses in E. China province".
  22. ^Chiu Yu-Tzu AND Jimmy Chuang (2005-09-05)."Typhoon Talim hits with force".Taipei Times.Retrieved2007-04-18.
  23. ^abTaipei News (2005-08-20)."Hsieh wants to fill Yin's position within a week".Retrieved2007-04-18.
  24. ^Lee Hong-yuan (2005-08-12)."The price of water is just too low".Taipei Times.Retrieved2007-04-18.
  25. ^Elizabeth Hsu (2005-08-12). "Government to Drill Wells to Ease Northern Taoyuan Water Shortage". Central News Agency.
  26. ^Central News Agency (2005-08-09). "Opposition Parties Urge Government to Stabilize Food Prices".
  27. ^Taipei Times (2005-08-10)."Airlifts of basic necessities go on for Hsinchu villages".Retrieved2007-04-20.
  28. ^"Taiwan Sizes Up Damage After Typhoon Matsa". Associated Press. 2005-08-06.
  29. ^Press Trust of India (2005-08-07). "Typhoon Matsa ravages eastern China".
  30. ^Agence France Presse (2005-08-07). "China mops up after typhoon ravages coastal areas, leaving four dead".
  31. ^Xinhua News Agency (2005-09-11). "Chinese vice premier condoles with local people of typhoon hit areas".
  32. ^ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee (2006)."Draft Report of the 38th Session".Archived fromthe originalon 2014-03-16.Retrieved2007-04-22.
  33. ^World Meteorological Organization (2007)."Report on the 39th Session"(in Chinese). Government of China. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-09-28.Retrieved2007-04-22.

External links[edit]

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