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UVS (Juno)

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Juno's UVS instrument
Ultraviolet image ofJupiter's aurora; the bright spot at far left is the end of field line to Io; spots at bottom lead toGanymedeandEuropa.This was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope from Earth orbit, using theSpace Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
Here is an observation of Jupiter in X-rays by Chandra. CXO's high angular resolution provided a theory-challenging breakthrough—why were the emissions coming from the poles?[1]
Distribution ofacetyleneat Jupiter's poles; this data was collected by the CIRS instrument on the Cassini spacecraft during its 2001 flyby of Jupiter.[2]

UVS,known as theUltraviolet Spectrograph[3]orUltraviolet Imaging Spectrometer[4]is the name of an instrument on theJunoorbiter for Jupiter.[3]The instrument is animaging spectrometerthat observes theultravioletrange of light wavelengths, which is shorter wavelengths than visible light but longer than X-rays.[5]Specifically, it is focused on making remote observations of theaurora,detecting the emissions of gases such ashydrogenin the far-ultraviolet.[5]UVS will observes light from as short a wavelength as 70 nm up to 200 nm, which is in the extreme and far ultraviolet range of light.[5]The source of aurora emissions of Jupiter is one of the goals of the instrument.[6]UVS is one of many instruments onJuno,but it is in particular designed to operate in conjunction with JADE, which observes high-energy particles.[7]With both instruments operating together, both the UV emissions and high-energy particles at the same place and time can be synthesized.[7]This supports the Goal of determining the source of the Jovian magnetic field.[7]There has been a problem understanding the Jovian aurora, ever since Chandra determined X-rays were coming not from, as it was thought Io's orbit but from the polar regions.[1]Every 45 minutes an X-ray hot-spot pulsates, corroborated by a similar previous detection in radio emissions by Galileo and Cassini spacecraft.[1]One theory is that its related to thesolar wind.[8]The mystery is not that there are X-rays coming Jupiter, which has been known for decades, as detected by previous X-ray observatories, but rather why with the Chandra observation, that pulse was coming from the north polar region.[9]

There is two main parts to UVS, the optical section and an electronics box.[5][10]It has a small reflecting telescope and also a scan mirror, and it can do long-slit spectrography.[11]UVS uses a Rowland circle spectrograph and a toroidal holographical grating.[5][12]The detector uses amicro-channel platedetector with the sensor being a CsIphotocathodeto detect the UV light[5][12]

UVS was launched aboard theJunospacecraft on August 5, 2011 (UTC) from Cape Canaveral, USA, as part of theNew Frontiers program,[13]and after an interplanetary journey that including a swingby of Earth, entered apolar orbitof Jupiter on July 5, 2016 (UTC),[14][15]

For detection of following gasses in the far UV:[5]

UVS is similar to ultraviolet spectrometers flown onNew Horizons(Pluto probe),Rosetta(comet probe) and theLunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.[11]One of the changes is shielding to help the instrument endure Jupiter's radiation environment.[11]

The electronics are located inside theJuno Radiation Vault,which uses titanium to protect it and other spacecraft electronics.[10][16]The UVS electronics include two power supplies and data processing.[16]UVS electronics box uses anActel 8051microcontroller.[16]

UVS was developed at the Space Science Department atSouthwest Research Institute[17]

UVIS data in concert with JEDI observations detected electrical potentials of 400,000electron volts(400 keV), 20-30 times higher than Earth, driving charged particles into the polar regions of Jupiter.[18]

There was a proposal to use Juno's UVS (and JIRAM) in collaboration with theHubble Space Telescopeinstruments STIS and ACS to study Jupiter aurora in UV.[19]

Observations[edit]

UVS has been used to observe aurora of Jupiter.[20]Since UVS is on the Juno spacecraft as it orbits Jupiter, it has been able to observe both the day and night side aurora, from distance ranging from seven, to 0.05 Jupiter radii.[20]One results as that some auroral emissions are related to the local magnetic time.[20]

Observations with the instrument have suggested that a different mechanism that understood to create Earth aurora's may be occurring.[21]

UVS observed Jupiter's MoonIo,along with several other instruments.[22]The moon's polar regions were observed, and there was evidence of a volcanic plume.[22]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abc"Chandra:: Photo Album:: Jupiter:: 27 Feb 02".chandra.harvard.edu.Retrieved6 January2017.
  2. ^"Catalog Page for PIA13699".JPL - Photojournal. 29 December 2010.Retrieved28 March2020.
  3. ^abGladstone, G. R.; Persyn, S.; Eterno, J.; Slater, D. C.; Davis, M. W.; Versteeg, M. H.; Persson, K. B.; Siegmund, O. H.; Marquet, B. (1 December 2008). "The Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) on Juno".AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.41:SM41B–1678.Bibcode:2008AGUFMSM41B1678G.
  4. ^"Juno's Instruments | Mission Juno".Mission Juno.Retrieved6 January2017.
  5. ^abcdefgThe Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) onJuno- Gladstone, et al
  6. ^"International Workshop on Instrumentation for Planetary Missions"(PDF).Southwest Research Institute. 2012.Retrieved28 March2020.
  7. ^abc"The Juno Mission to Jupiter".Space.Retrieved6 January2017.
  8. ^Anderson, Natali (23 March 2016)."Researchers Find What Causes Jupiter's X-ray Aurora".sci-news.Retrieved28 March2020.
  9. ^"Puzzling X-rays from Jupiter | Science Mission Directorate".science.nasa.gov.Retrieved6 January2017.
  10. ^abKey and Driving Requirements for theJunoPayload Suite of Instruments
  11. ^abcGladstone, G. Randall; Persyn, Steven C.; Eterno, John S.; Walther, Brandon C.; Slater, David C.; Davis, Michael W.; Versteeg, Maarten H.; Persson, Kristian B.; Young, Michael K. (25 March 2014)."The Ultraviolet Spectrograph on NASA's Juno Mission".Space Science Reviews.213(1–4): 447–473.Bibcode:2017SSRv..213..447G.doi:10.1007/s11214-014-0040-z.ISSN0038-6308.
  12. ^ab"Instrument Overview – Juno".spaceflight101.Retrieved6 January2017.
  13. ^Dunn, Marcia (5 August 2011)."NASA probe blasts off for Jupiter after launch-pad snags".NBC News.Retrieved31 August2011.
  14. ^Chang, Kenneth (5 July 2016)."NASA's Juno Spacecraft Enters Jupiter's Orbit".The New York Times.Retrieved5 July2016.
  15. ^Chang, Kenneth (28 June 2016)."NASA's Juno Spacecraft Will Soon Be in Jupiter's Grip".The New York Times.Retrieved30 June2016.
  16. ^abc"Instrument Overview – Juno".spaceflight101.Retrieved27 January2017.
  17. ^"Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) 2011 News Release - Juno spacecraft to Jupiter prepares to launch".swri.org.19 July 2016.Retrieved27 January2017.
  18. ^"Juno Detects Vast Amounts of Energy over Jupiter's Auroral Regions | Planetary Science, Space Exploration | Sci-News".Breaking Science News | Sci-News.Retrieved4 April2018.
  19. ^Grodent, Denis; Bonfond, Bertrand; Gérard, Jean-Claude; Randall Gladstone, G.; Nichols, Jonathan D.; Clarke, John T.; Bagenal, Fran; Adriani, Alberto (2015). "The crucial role of HST during the NASA Juno mission: A" Juno initiative "".arXiv:1503.07669[astro-ph.EP].
  20. ^abc"A New View of Jupiter's Aurora: The Juno UVS Perspective|LASP|CU-Boulder".lasp.colorado.edu.Retrieved27 September2019.
  21. ^Science, Calla Cofield 2017-09-06T18:01:58Z; Astronomy (6 September 2017)."What's Powering Auroras on Jupiter? NASA's Juno Probe Finds Puzzling Clues".Space.Retrieved27 September2019.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ab"Juno mission captures images of volcanic plumes on Jupiter's moon Io: Light from the plumes and fires of Io on Earth's darkest night".ScienceDaily.Retrieved27 September2019.

External links[edit]

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