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Ulyanovsk

Coordinates:54°19′N48°22′E/ 54.317°N 48.367°E/54.317; 48.367
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For the warship, seeSoviet aircraft carrier Ulyanovsk.For the town in Kazakhstan, seeBotakara.
Ulyanovsk
Ульяновск
City[1]
View of Ulyanovsk, now dominated by Soviet-era buildings
View of Ulyanovsk, now dominated by Soviet-era buildings
Flag of Ulyanovsk
Flag
Coat of arms of Ulyanovsk
Coat of arms
Location of Ulyanovsk
Map
Ulyanovsk is located in Ulyanovsk Oblast
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk
Location of Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk is located in European Russia
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk (European Russia)
Ulyanovsk is located in Europe
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk (Europe)
Coordinates:54°19′N48°22′E/ 54.317°N 48.367°E/54.317; 48.367
CountryRussia
Federal subjectUlyanovsk Oblast[1]
Founded1648
City status since1796
Government
• BodyCity Duma
• HeadDmitry Zverev (Acting)[2]
Area
[3]
• Total316.9 km2(122.4 sq mi)
Elevation
150 m (490 ft)
Population
(2010 Census)[4]
• Total613,786
• Estimate
(2018)[5]
626,540 (+2.1%)
• Rank20thin 2010
• Density1,900/km2(5,000/sq mi)
•Subordinated tocity of oblast significanceof Ulyanovsk[1]
•CapitalofUlyanovsk Oblast,[6]city of oblast significance of Ulyanovsk[1]
•Urban okrugUlyanovsk Urban Okrug[7]
•CapitalofUlyanovsk Urban Okrug[7]
Time zoneUTC+4(UTC+04:00Edit this on Wikidata[8])
Postal code(s)[9]
432xxx
Dialing code(s)+7 8422[10]
OKTMOID73701000001
City DayJune 12
Websitewww.ulmeria.ru

Ulyanovsk,[a]known asSimbirsk[b]until 1924, is acityand theadministrative centerofUlyanovsk Oblast,Russia, located on theVolga River705 kilometers (438 mi) east ofMoscow.Ulyanovsk has been the only RussianUNESCOCity of Literaturesince 2015.

The city was the birthplace ofVladimir Lenin(born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed after his death in 1924; and ofAlexander Kerensky,the leader of theRussian Provisional Governmentwhich Lenin overthrew during theOctober Revolutionof 1917. It is also famous for its writers such asIvan Goncharov,Nikolay YazykovandNikolay Karamzin,and for painters such asArkady PlastovandNikas Safronov.[11]

History

[edit]

Simbirsk was founded in 1648 by theboyarBogdan Khitrovo.[12]The fort of "Simbirsk" (alternatively "Sinbirsk" ) was strategically placed on a hill on the Western bank of theVolga River.The fort was meant to protect the eastern frontier of theTsardom of Russiafrom the nomadic tribes and to establish a permanent royal presence in the area.

TheBogdan KhitrovoMonument in downtown Ulyanovsk

In 1668, Simbirsk withstood a month-long siege by a 20,000-strong army led by rebelCossackcommanderStenka Razin.Also in Simbirsk another country rebel,Yemelyan Pugachev,was imprisoned before execution. At the time Simbirsk possessed a woodenkremlin,which was destroyed by a fire during the 18th century.

As the eastern border of the Russian Empire was rapidly pushed intoSiberia,Simbirsk rapidly lost its strategic importance, but nonetheless began to develop into an important regional center. Simbirsk was granted city status in 1796.

Monument toNikolay Karamzin.

Simbirsk was then considered an exclusive town favoured by the aristocracy, and besides its churches and a Governor's Place, included an Assembly Of The Nobles, with a magnificent library.[13]The Holy Trinity Cathedral was constructed in a restrainedNeoclassical stylebetween 1827 and 1841. In the summer of 1864, in what was believed an arson attack, Simbirsk was mostly destroyed by fire. However, it was quickly rebuilt and continued to grow. Its population, which was 26,000 in 1856, had reached 43,000 by 1897.

In 1924, the city was renamed Ulyanovsk in honor of Vladimir Ulyanov, better known asLenin,who was born in Simbirsk in 1870. Two other Russian political leaders,Alexander KerenskyandAlexander Protopopov,were also born in Simbirsk.

The construction of theKuybyshev hydroelectric plant(completed in 1957) 200 kilometers (120 mi) downstream of Ulyanovsk resulted in the flooding of significant tracts of land both north and south of Ulyanovsk andincreasing the widthof the Volga by up to 35 kilometers (22 mi) in some places. To this day, some populated neighborhoods of Ulyanovsk remain well below the level of the reservoir, protected from flooding by a dam: it is estimated that its catastrophic failure would submerge parts of the city comprising around 5% of its total population with as much as 10 meters (33 ft) of water.

During the Soviet period, Ulyanovsk was an important tourist center, drawing visitors from around the country because of its revolutionary importance.

After thedissolution of the Soviet Union,the tourist importance of Ulyanovsk sharply decreased. In the 1990s, the city went through the hardest times—a slump in production in all branches, mass unemployment, and a population impoverishment. In the first decade of the 2000s the economy started to grow.

Ulyanovsk slowly recovered from these downturns into regional manufacturing, educational and transportationclusters.

Politics

[edit]
Ulyanovsk Oblast Administration

The city is headed by a mayor who is the executive branch, and city council which is the legislative branch. The term of the mayor is five years. In 2010 the city council abolished the direct elections to the mayor, replacing it with city manager, appointed by the council. Then again, in April 2013 the city charter was amended to re-introduce the direct mayoral election.[14]

Administrative and municipal status

[edit]

Ulyanovsk serves as theadministrative centerof theoblast.[6]Within theframework of administrative divisions,it is, together with thirtyrural localities,incorporated as thecity of oblast significanceof Ulyanovsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[1]As amunicipal division,the city of oblast significance of Ulyanovsk is incorporated asUlyanovsk Urban Okrug.[7]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
189741,700—
192670,562+69.2%
1939103,779+47.1%
1959205,942+98.4%
1970351,085+70.5%
1979463,964+32.2%
1989625,155+34.7%
2002635,947+1.7%
2010637,564+0.3%
2021617,352−3.2%
Source: Census data
Regional Museum of History and Arts

In 2008, there were registered 6,774 births and 8,054 deaths in Ulyanovsk.[15]

Ethnic composition

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

Ulyanovsk has ahumid continental climate(Köppen climate classificationDfb). Average temperature is −10.2 °C (13.6 °F) in February and 20.6 °C (69.1 °F) in July. Falls are generally warm, with snow beginning to accumulate by mid-November. Winters tend to be cold but with moderate amounts of snowfall and nighttime lows occasionally dipping below −25 °C (−13 °F). Summer weather arrives in mid-May. Precipitation averages about 480 millimeters (19 in). The city is subject to frequent, but moderate, droughts. Springs and summers are sunny, but fall and winter are usually cloudy. Median annual temperature is +5.1 °C (41.2 °F).

A maximum temperature of +39.3 °C (102.7 °F) was recorded on 2 August 2010, duringa record-breaking heat wave.

Climate data for Ulyanovsk (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1) 		5.6
(42.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		30.0
(86.0) 		36.2
(97.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		38.9
(102.0) 		39.3
(102.7) 		33.9
(93.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		7.8
(46.0) 		39.3
(102.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		0.8
(33.4) 		12.1
(53.8) 		21.0
(69.8) 		24.8
(76.6) 		26.9
(80.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		18.3
(64.9) 		9.9
(49.8) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		10.2
(50.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.8
(14.4) 		−10.2
(13.6) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		6.1
(43.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		18.5
(65.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		18.5
(65.3) 		12.5
(54.5) 		5.6
(42.1) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		5.2
(41.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.1
(8.4) 		−14.0
(6.8) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		0.9
(33.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		12.2
(54.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		12.4
(54.3) 		7.6
(45.7) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−10.8
(12.6) 		0.6
(33.1)
Record low °C (°F) −38.0
(−36.4) 		−40.0
(−40.0) 		−32.8
(−27.0) 		−20.0
(−4.0) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−29.2
(−20.6) 		−38.0
(−36.4) 		−40.0
(−40.0)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 35
(1.4) 		25
(1.0) 		27
(1.1) 		30
(1.2) 		44
(1.7) 		57
(2.2) 		50
(2.0) 		50
(2.0) 		45
(1.8) 		39
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		31
(1.2) 		465
(18.3)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 27
(11) 		41
(16) 		38
(15) 		6
(2.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		3
(1.2) 		15
(5.9) 		41
(16)
Average rainy days 4 3 5 11 15 16 15 15 15 16 10 5 130
Average snowy days 23 20 14 4 1 0 0 0 0.3 5 16 21 104
Averagerelative humidity(%) 83 81 79 67 59 67 68 70 73 79 84 84 75
Mean monthlysunshine hours 43.4 92.4 142.6 216.0 275.9 300.0 319.3 275.9 174.0 102.3 48.0 37.2 2,027
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[16]
Source 2: Climatebase (sun only)[17]

Economy

[edit]
The Soviet-era headquarters ofUAZ,nowSollers JSCCorporation

Ulyanovsk is a major, diversified, industrial hub foraircraftandautoindustries.

TheUAZautomobile manufacturing plant (subsidiary ofSollers JSC);Aviastar-SPAircraft Company (part ofUnited Aircraft Corporation); Scientific and Production Association "Mars" (manufacturesindustrial control systemsfor theRussian Navy,a subsidiary of state-owned conglomerate Agat); Ulyanovsk Cartridge Works (manufactures ammunition for firearms); Ulyanovsk Motor Plant (Ульяновский моторный завод,UMZ) and Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant (Ульяновский механический завод,UMZ,a subsidiary of JSCAlmaz-Antey) are based in the city along with a variety of light industry and food-processing enterprises.

An international airline for unique and heavycargo,Volga-Dnepr Airlines,is based in the city.

There are many manufacturing facilities of foreign corporations such asLegrand (company),Mars, Incorporated,[18]Takata-Petri,[19]Anadolu Efes S.K.,[20]ALFA (Mexico)and others.

Banking is mostly represented by national banks such asSberbank,VTBBank,Alfa-Bank,Bin Bank, Ak Bars Bank and also regional banks fromUlyanovsk Oblast.

Ulyanovsk has also a strong military base presence in town. The 31st Airborne Brigade of theRussian Airborne Troopsof the armed forces is based in Ulyanovsk.

"BridgestoneTire Manufacturing CIS "- Japan tyre works, work from 2016.

Production of industrial gases: Linde Gas Rus, Spektrum of Gases.[21]

Tourism and hospitality industry

[edit]
Bank of Russiain Ulyanovsk

Tourism is a growing industry in the city and the surrounding areas because ofVolgamicro-climateand historical significance ofSimbirsk.[22]Hilton HotelGroup andMarriott Hotels & Resortsare building their hotels in the downtown area.

The region of Undory, a driving distance from Ulyanovsk is famous for its spas and mineral water. The city offers many options for sports enthusiasts. The countryside is ideal for outdoor and water sports. The springs of Undory have been known for more than 200 years. The water at spa is rich in sodium chloride, and comes from artesian wells.

Transportation and logistics

[edit]
ThePresident Bridge.
TheImperial Bridgeacross theVolga Riverin Ulyanovsk.

A railway bridge across theVolgawas built in 1912–1916 and two automobile lanes were added to it in 1953–1958, allowing for the city to expand on the Eastern (left) bank of the river and transforming it into a localtransport hub.

According to Ulyanovsk Region Development Corporation,Ulyanovsk Regionis conveniently situated in the center of the European part of Russia, where east west and north south air, rail, car and river routes cross. It has an industrial, transport and business infrastructure and a developed network of roads and railways which provide a good basis for turning Ulyanovsk into a major transport and logistics hub in the Volga Federal district working not only for Ulyanovsk Region's plants but the whole Volga federal district. Ulyanovsk transport hub provides all forms of transport (busyriver portandpassenger terminal,railways with two major passenger and cargo stations, airports and now two major bridges) apart from sea, which can serve Russian and internationalcargotraffic toKazakhstan,Central AsiaandSoutheast Asia,Europe, China and back.[23]

As the aging Ulyanovsk bridge, the only crossing of the Volga in the 400 km stretch fromKazantoTolyatti,could no longer cope with the growing needs of the city, the construction ofPresident Bridge,atruss bridge,began in the late 1980s. Completion was delayed significantly due to catastrophic economic circumstances following the end of the Soviet Union. Its official opening ceremony was on November 24, 2009, by the Russian PresidentDmitry Medvedev– although traffic was using the bridge a few days earlier.[citation needed]The bridge has a total length of 5.5 km, making it one of the longest in Europe.[24]

The city is divided by theriver Sviyaga,a tributary of the Volga whose confluence with it is about 200 km north of the city.

Public transportation in the city is well developed and provided by 17 tram lines, 7 trolleybus routes (and all tram lines are only on the right-bank part of the city, and all the trolley only on the left bank), 50 municipal bus routes, and about 150 fixed-route taxi (marshrutkas) lines. The City of Ulyanovsk has a working plan to buildhigh-speed railsystem to connect the two banks of the town.

Ulyanovsk is served by theUlyanovsk Vostochny Airport(the international airport) in the left-bank part of the city andUlyanovsk Baratayevka Airport(Ulyanovsk Central Airport) in the right-bank part of the city.

Education

[edit]
Ulyanovsk State University

There is also a large number of technical and medicalcommunity collegesin Ulyanovsk.

Architecture

[edit]

During the Soviet period, Ulyanovsk lost much of its historical heritage due to both neglect and intentional destruction. All traces of the original wooden fort have disappeared, as have the churches of old Simbirsk; the majority of 19th-century buildings remain in the city, including the houses where Lenin lived between 1870 and 1887. The restoration of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity was considered, but has since been canceled. However, many historical constructions remain. Among them the house in which writerIvan Goncharovwas born, the Protestant church and other buildings.

The house where Lenin was born

Ulyanovsk is home to several tourist destinations around the downtown museum district and famousVolga Rivertours. The Ulyanovsk State historical memorial complex "Lenin`s hometown" houses the regional city center, the center of Simbirsk-Ulyanovsk. The memorial estate has been recreating the local culture connected with architecture, education and way of life of Russia since the end of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century. The State historical memorial complex "Lenin`s hometown" was founded in 1984.[25]Now it consists of 14 museums and the Showroom, and has a young creative collective of 152 people.[26]

Sports

[edit]

Volga[27]plays in theRussian Bandy Super League.Volga-2 plays in the 2nd division. An indoor arena for bandy,Volga-Sport-Arena,opened in 2014, as one of the first in Russia.[28]It has a capacity of 5 000.[29]TheBandy World Championship 2016was played in Ulyanovsk and nearbyDimitrovgrad.[1]The Youth-17 Bandy World Championship will be hosted by Ulyanovsk in 2018.[30]

In association football,FC Volgaplays in "Urals-Volga" zone of theRussian Second Division(2016–2017 season).

Ulyanovsk also hosted matches of first qualifying roundUEFA Women's Under-17 Championship 2014.Matches were held atTrud Stadiumin the downtown Ulyanovsk.

In 2017 "Trud" was closed for reconstruction.

In 2017 the firstCISfestival for national sports and games,Фестиваль национальных видов спорта и игр государств — участников Содружества Независимых Государств,was held in Ulyanovsk. The main sports weresambo,tug of war,mas-wrestling,gorodki,belt wrestling,lapta,bandy (rink),kettlebell lifting,chessandarchery.A few demonstration sports were also a part of the programme.[31]

Finland-Sweden inVolga-Sport-Arena
TheBandy World Championship 2016final atTrud Stadium

Notable people

[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Ulyanovsk istwinnedwith:[33]

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Russian:Ульяновск,IPA:[ʊˈlʲjanəfsk],Tatar:Сембер,Chuvash:Чĕмпĕр
  2. ^Russian:Симби́рск,IPA:[sʲɪm⁽ʲ⁾ˈbʲirsk]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdeLaw #126-ZO
  2. ^"Сегодня Дмитрий Зверев приступил к исполнению полномочий главы Ульяновска".mosaica.ru.December 1, 2022.
  3. ^Регионы России. Основные социально-экономические показатели городов 2012
  4. ^Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
  5. ^"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года".Federal State Statistics Service.RetrievedJanuary 23,2019.
  6. ^abOfficial website of Ulyanovsk Oblast.About Ulyanovsk Oblast(in Russian)
  7. ^abcLaw #043-ZO
  8. ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
  9. ^"Почтовые индексы России".
  10. ^"Телефонные коды Ульяновской области".
  11. ^ "UNESCO City of Literature".ulyanovskcreativecity.ru.RetrievedMay 17,2019.
  12. ^"От Богдана Хитрово до Богдана Хитрово".December 18, 2013.
  13. ^A Russian Conflagration, Mount Alexander Mail,16 Nov 1864, p3
  14. ^"В Ульяновске вернули прямые выборы мэра".Lenta.ru.April 17, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 26,2014.
  15. ^"В Ульяновске в 2008 г. рождаемость выросла на 8,5 %".
  16. ^"Weather and Climate - The Climate of Ulyanovsk"(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат).RetrievedNovember 8,2021.
  17. ^ "Ulyanovsk, Russia Climate Normals".Climatebase.RetrievedDecember 10,2015.
  18. ^http:// mars /global/about-mars/where-we-operate.aspxWhere we operate
  19. ^"About Takata".takata.Archived fromthe originalon February 15, 2015.
  20. ^"AnadoluEfes".
  21. ^"Медсанчасть имени Егорова привезёт 560 тонн кислорода из Дзержинска и Нижнего Тагила".media73.ru(in Russian).RetrievedNovember 20,2022.
  22. ^"Volga Region travel".
  23. ^"Ulyanovsk Region Development Corporation, OJSC".
  24. ^Minister of Transport Russian Federation Igor Levitin in the course of working trip to Ulyanovsk Region will estimate the possibility of SEZ creation of port type,PRIME-TASS,Saransk,June 17, 2008
  25. ^listina73 (September 16, 2014)."Музей-заповедник «Родина В.И.Ленина» подарит ульяновцам новый музей".Улпресса - все новости Ульяновска(in Russian).RetrievedJuly 22,2024.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^"Memorial Complex" Lenin's Hometown "".ulzapovednik.ru.Archived fromthe originalon October 3, 2011.
  27. ^Official home page
  28. ^Largest Russian Ice Palace Volga -Sport Arena opened in Ulyanovsk
  29. ^rusbandy.ru
  30. ^"В Сандвикене утвердили календарь ЧМ-2018 - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России".
  31. ^"Виды спорта - I Фестиваль национальных видов спорта и игр государств – участников Содружества Независимых Государств ( СНГ )".sportuln.ru.Archived fromthe originalon May 28, 2017.
  32. ^ru:Славянофильство
  33. ^"Ульяновск – город, открытый миру".ulmeria.ru(in Russian). Ulyanovsk.RetrievedFebruary 4,2020.
  34. ^"OKC City Council votes to suspend relationship with Sister City".August 30, 2022.

Sources

[edit]
  • Законодательное Собрание Ульяновской области. Закон №126-ЗО от 3 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ульяновской области», в ред. Закона №225-ЗО от 29 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Ульяновской области "О муниципальных образованиях Ульяновской области" и Закон Ульяновской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ульяновской области" ». Опубликован: "Ульяновская правда", №77 (22.513), 6 октября 2006 г.(Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Law #126-ZO of October 3, 2006On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ulyanovsk Oblast,as amended by the Law #225-ZO of December 29, 2014On Amending the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Municipal Formations of Ulyanovsk Oblast" and the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ulyanovsk Oblast".).
  • Законодательное Собрание Ульяновской области. Закон №043-ЗО от 13 июля 2004 г. «О муниципальных образованиях Ульяновской области», в ред. Закона №225-ЗО от 29 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Ульяновской области "О муниципальных образованиях Ульяновской области" и Закон Ульяновской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ульяновской области" ». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Деловой Вестник", №78(2818), 20 июля 2004 г.(Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Law #043-ZO of July 13, 2004On the Municipal Formations of Ulyanovsk Oblast,as amended by the Law #225-ZO of December 29, 2014On Amending the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Municipal Formations of Ulyanovsk Oblast" and the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ulyanovsk Oblast".Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
[edit]

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