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Universal Music Group

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"Universal Records" redirects here. For Universal Records 1988–1989, seeUniversal Records (1988).For Universal Records 1995–2006, seeUniversal Records (1995−2006).For other uses, seeUniversal Records (disambiguation).For the Chicago recording studio, seeUniversal Recording Corporation.

Universal Music Group N.V.
Formerly
Company typePublic
ISINNL0015000IY2
Industry
FoundedSeptember 1934;89 years ago(1934-09)
Headquarters
Hilversum,Netherlands (corporate)
Santa Monica, California
,
U.S. (operational)
Area served
Worldwide (except for Russia & Belarus)
Key people
ServicesMusic publishing
RevenueIncrease€8.504 billion (US$10.06 billion) (2021)[1]
Increase€1.399 billion (US$1.65 billion) (2021)[1]
Owners
Number of employees
8,319 (2018)[2]
DivisionsList of Universal Music Group labels
Websiteuniversalmusic

Universal Music Group N.V.[3](often abbreviated asUMGand referred to asUniversal Music GrouporUniversal Music) is aDutch–Americanmultinationalmusic corporationunderDutch law.UMG's corporate headquarters are located inHilversum,Netherlands and its operational headquarters are located inSanta Monica,California.[4][5]The biggest music company in the world,[6]it is one of the "Big Three"record labels, along withSony Music GroupandWarner Music Group.Tencentacquired ten percent of Universal Music Group in March 2020 for €3 billion[7][8][9]and acquired an additional ten percent stake in January 2021.[10]Pershing Square Holdingslater acquired ten percent of UMG prior to itsIPOon theEuronext Amsterdamstock exchange. The company went public on September 21, 2021, at a valuation of €46 billion.[11][12]

As of April 2024, UMG's catalogue includes over 3 million recordings and 4 million compositions.

History

For history prior to 1996, seeMCA Records

Early history

The company's origins go back to the formation of the American branch ofDecca Recordsin September 1934, and its name and company logo originates fromCarl Laemmle'sUniversal Pictures.Although the movie studio and the music business share a common history, today the former is part ofComcastand the latter an independent commercial entity.[13][14]DuringWorld War II,many record companies donated theirmetal mastersto recycling for the war effort. However, Universal was an exception and donated more than 200,000 of their historicmaster recordingsto theLibrary of Congress.[15]The Decca Record Co. Ltd. of England spun American Decca off in 1939.[16]MCA Inc.merged with American Decca in 1962.[17]

In November 1990, Japanese multinational conglomerateMatsushita Electricagreed to acquire MCA for $6.59 billion.[18][19]In 1995,Seagramacquired 80 percent of MCA from Matsushita.[20][21]On December 9, 1996, the company was renamedUniversal Studios, Inc.,[22]and its music division was renamed Universal Music Group; MCA Records continued as a label within the Universal Music Group. In May 1998, Seagram purchasedPolyGram[23]and merged it with Universal Music Group in early 1999.[24]Seagram was eventually sold toFrenchmedia conglomerateVivendiin 2000, along with UMG.

2004: Consolidating into a Vivendi subsidiary

In May 2004, Universal Music Group was cast under separate management from Universal Studios, when Vivendo sold 80% of the latter toGeneral Electric,who subsequently merged it withNBCto formNBCUniversal.This came two months after the separation ofWarner Music GroupfromTime Warner.In February 2006, Vivendi purchased the remaining 20 percent of UMG fromMatsushita Electric.[25]On September 6, 2006, Vivendi announced its €1.63 billion ($2.4 billion) purchase ofBMG Music Publishing;after receiving European Union regulatory approval, the acquisition was completed on June 25, 2007.[26][27]

2007–2012: UMG acquisitions and EMI purchase

In June 2007, UMG acquired Sanctuary, which eventually became UMG's entertainment merchandising and brand management division, Bravado.[28][29][30][31]In 2008, Universal Music Group agreed to make its catalog available toSpotify,then a new streaming service, for use outside the U.S. on a limited basis.[32]

Doug Morrisstepped down from his position as CEO on January 1, 2011. Former chairman/CEO of Universal Music InternationalLucian Graingewas promoted toCEOof the company. Grainge later replaced Morris as chairman on March 9, 2011.[33]Morris became the next chairman ofSony Music Entertainmenton July 1, 2011.[34]With Grainge's appointment as CEO at UMG,Max Holewas promoted to COO of UMGI, effective July 1, 2010. In January 2011, UMG announced it was donating 200,000 master recordings from the 1920s to 1940s to theLibrary of Congressfor preservation.[35]In 2011, EMI agreed to sell its recorded music operations to Universal Music Group for £1.2 billion ($1.9 billion) and its music publishing operations to aSony-led consortium for $2.2 billion.[36]Among the other companies that had competed for the recorded music business wasWarner Music Groupwhich was reported to have made a $2 billion bid.[37]IMPALAopposed the merger.[38]In March 2012, theEuropean Unionopened an investigation into the acquisition[39]The EU asked rivals and consumer groups whether the deal would result in higher prices and shut out competitors.[40]

On September 21, 2012, the sale of EMI to UMG was approved in the European Union and the United States by theEuropean CommissionandFederal Trade Commissionrespectively.[41]However, the European Commission approved the deal only under the condition the merged company divest one third of its total operations to other companies with a proven track record in the music industry. UMG divestedMute Records,Parlophone,Roxy Recordings,MPS Records,Cooperative Music,Now That's What I Call Music!,Jazzland,Universal Greece,Sanctuary Records,Chrysalis Records,EMI Classics,Virgin Classics,andEMI's European regional labelsto comply with this condition. UMG retainedthe Beatles(formerly of Parlophone) andRobbie Williams(formerly of Chrysalis). The Beatles catalogue was transferred to UMG's newly formedCalderstone Productions,while Williams' catalogue was transferred toIsland Records.[42][43]

2012–2017: EMI integration and divisions reorganization

Universal Music Group completed their acquisition ofEMIon September 28, 2012.[44]In November 2012,Steve Barnettwas appointed chairman and CEO ofCapitol Music Group.He formerly served as COO ofColumbia Records.[45]In compliance the conditions of the European Commission after purchase of EMI, Universal Music Group sold the Mute catalogue to the German-basedBMG Rights Managementon December 22, 2012.[46]Two months later, BMG acquiredSanctuary Recordsfor €50 million ($58 million).[47]On February 8, 2013,Warner Music Groupacquired the Parlophone Label Group (consisting ofParlophone Records,Chrysalis Records,EMI Classics,Virgin Classicsand EMI Records' Belgian, Czech, Danish, French, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Slovak and Swedish divisions) for $765 million (£487 million).[48][49]Later in February,Sony Music Entertainmentacquired UMG's European share inNow That's What I Call Musicfor approximately $60 million.[50]Play It Again Samacquired Co-Operative Music for £500,000 in March 2013.[51]With EMI's absorption into Universal Music complete, its British operations consist of five label units: Island, Polydor, Decca, Virgin EMI and Capitol.[52]In the Greek market, as part of its divesture plans, Universal Music retained Minos EMI and sold Universal Music Greece to Greek investors who renamed it Cobalt Music.[53][54]Edel AGacquired the MPS catalogue from Universal in January 2014.[55]

On March 20, 2013, UMG announced the worldwide extension of their exclusive distribution deal with theDisney Music Group,excluding Japan. As a result of this deal DMG's labels and artists have access to UMG's roster of producers and songwriters on a worldwide basis.[56]The exclusive deal also saw UMG granted unlimited access to all rights pertaining to Disney's 85-year back catalog of soundtracks and albums.[57]On April 2, 2013, the gospel music divisions ofMotown Recordsand EMI merged to form a new label called Motown Gospel.[58]In May 2013, Japanese companySoftBankoffered $8.5 billion to Vivendi for the acquisition of UMG, but Vivendi rejected it.[59]In July 2018, JPMorgan said that UMG could be worth as much as $40 billion[60]and then increased the valuation to $50 billion in 2019.[61]In August 2013, UMG became the first company in the US to have nine of the Top 10 songs on the digital charts, according toSoundScan[62]and weeks later, became the first company to hold all 10 of the Top 10 spots on theBillboardHot 100 Chart.[63]In September 2013, UMG received aSAG-AFTRAAmerican Scene Award for the company's commitment to diversity as exemplified by its "entire catalog and roster of artists."[64][65]

On April 1, 2014, Universal Music announced the disbandment ofIsland Def Jam Music,one of four operational umbrella groups within Universal Music. Universal CEOLucian Graingesaid of the closure, "No matter how much we might work to build 'IDJ' as a brand, that brand could never be as powerful as each of IDJ's constituent parts."[66]Island RecordsandDef Jamnow operate as autonomous record labels. David Massey and Bartels, who worked respectively at Island and Def Jam Records, were named to the new record labels independently.[66]Barry Weiss,who previously moved fromSony Musicto lead Island Def Jam Music in 2012 whenMotown Recordswas incorporated into Island Def Jam, stepped down from Universal Music. Additionally, as part of the changes to the labels, Motown Records transferred to Los Angeles to become part of theCapitol Music Groupand previous Vice PresidentEthiopia Habtemariamwas promoted to Label President for Motown Records.[66]

Universal Music Group entered into film and TV production with the 2014 purchase ofEagle Rock Entertainment.UMG's first major film production wasAmy,which won an Oscar for Best Documentary,[67]while taking part inKurt Cobain: Montage of HeckandThe Beatles: Eight Days a Weekdocumentaries. In January 2016, UMG hired David Blackman from Laurence Mark Production where he was president of production as head of film and television development and production, and theater producer Scott Landis as special advisor on theatrical development and production. UMG Executive Vice President Michele Anthony and Universal Music Publishing Group Chairman and CEO Jody Gerson have oversight of the pair.[68]On February 11, 2017,PolyGram Entertainmentwas relaunched as a film and television unit of Universal Music Group under David Blackman.[69]

In 2015, UMG'sCapitol Recordsearned all the majorGrammy Awardsfor the year, withSam SmithreceivingBest New Artist,Record of the YearandSong of the Yearawards andBeckwinningAlbum of the Year.[70]In March 2016, Universal Music Canada donated the archives of EMI Music Canada to theUniversity of Calgary.[71]In May 2016, UMG acquired Famehouse, a digital marketing agency.[72]That same year,Paul McCartneyand theBee Geesboth signed to UMG's Capitol Records, including their catalog releases.[73][74]In April 2017, UMG signed a new multi-year licensing agreement withSpotify,the world's leading streaming service, and in May 2017, UMG signed a deal withTencent,China's biggest gaming and social media firm.[75][76][77]In July 2017, "Despacito"byLuis Fonsi,Daddy Yankeeand featuringJustin Bieber,became the most streamed track of all time. By 2018, the song had broken severalGuinness World Records,including Most Weeks at Number 1 onBillboard Hot Latin Songschart and most-viewed video online.[78][79]

In August 2017, UMG andGrace/Beyondagreed to develop three new music-based television series,27,Melody IslandandMixtape.27would focus on musicians at the age of 27, an age at whichseveral iconic musicians died.Melody Islandwas an animated series based on tropical island music with live craft segments.Mixtapehad twelve episodes, with each episode connected to a song.[80]In October 2017, UMG announced the launch of its Accelerator Engagement Network, an initiative aimed to help develop music-based startups around the world.[81]In November 2017,USC Annenbergannounced UMG's partnership in the "Annenberg Inclusion Initiative", becoming the first music company to do so. The initiative is meant to create change for representation of women and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the media industry.[82][83]In December 2017, Universal Music Group acquiredStiffandZTTlabels, along with Perfect Songs Publishing, fromTrevor Horn's SPZ Group;[84]BMG Rights Management,through Union Square Music subsidiary, retained its back catalogues. That same month, UMG signed a global, multi-year agreement with Facebook becoming the first of The "Big Three"to license its recorded music and publishing catalogs for video and other social experiences acrossFacebook,InstagramandOculus.[85]Sony and Warner signed similar contracts with Facebook the following year. Furthermore, on December 19, 2017, UMG signed a multi-year licensing agreement withYouTube.[86]

2018–2022: Continued growth, Tencent, public offering

In June 2018,Universal Music Japanannounced an exclusive license agreement withDisney Music Group.[87]With the addition of Japan, UMG distributes releases from Disney Music Group globally. In July,the Rolling Stonessigned a worldwide agreement with UMG covering the band's recorded music and audio-visual catalogues, archival support, global merchandising and brand management.[88]That same month, Vivendi announced it would explore selling as much as half of Universal Music Group to one or more investors.[89][90]InNielsen's2018 US Music Mid-Year report, UMG made history with eight of the Top 10 artists, including all of the top five, as well as all of the top eight artists ranked by on-demand audio streams.[91]In August 2018, UMG announced a strategic expansion in Africa, opening an office inAbidjanto oversee French-speaking Africa, and also unveiling a Universal Music Nigera office inLagosto focus on signing local artists and taking them global.[92][93]In September 2018, singerElton Johnsigned a global partnership agreement with UMG across recorded music, music publishing, brand management, and licensing rights.[94]

On November 19, 2018, singer-songwriterTaylor Swiftsigned a new multi-album deal with UMG, in the United States, her future releases will be promoted under theRepublic Recordsimprint. In addition to the promised ownership of her master recordings, UMG agreed to, in case it sells portions of its stake inSpotify,distribute proceeds among its artists and make them non-recoupable.[95][96][97]In December 2018,Queen's"Bohemian Rhapsody"became the most-streamed song from the pre-streaming era and the most-streamed classic rock song of all time.[98]In February 2019, UMG fully acquired music distributorINgrooves.[99]In June 2019, YouTube and UMG announced that they were upgrading more than 1,000 popular music videos to high definition, releasing them through 2020.[100]In August 2019,TencentandVivendistarted negotiation to sell 10% Vivendi's stake of Universal Music to Tencent.[101]The deal is expected to be of $3.36 billion.[102]

In February 2020,Vivendiannounced it was planning to go public in an IPO within three years.[103]On June 16, 2020, Universal rebranded Virgin EMI Records as EMI Records and named Rebecca Allen (former president of UMG's Decca label) as the label's president,[104]bringing back the EMI brand. The same day, UMG announced launch of its new affiliates in Morocco and Israel.[105]In July 2020, UMG signed a new multi-year licensing agreement withSpotify[106]In June 2021,Pershing Square Tontine Holdings,aspecial-purpose acquisition companyrun by investor Bill Ackman, announced it would acquire 10 percent of UMG before it went public, in a $4 billion transaction. The deal collapsed in July 2021 due to regulatory concerns, and it was announced that Ackman'sPershing Square Holdingswould complete the purchase instead.[107]In September 2021,IPO,Euronext Amsterdamannounces an introduction price of €18,50[clarification needed]andVivendiset an initial valuation for UMG at €33 billion ($38.3 billion). Vivendi distributed 60% of its UMG shares and retaining 10%. The family of French businessmanVincent Bolloréis revealed as the majority shareholder with 28% of UMG shares, through its holding companyBolloré(18%) and its subsidiaryVivendi(10%), headed by his sonYannick Bolloré.Tencentemerged as UMG's biggest corporate shareholder with 20% of shares.Pershing Square Holdingsheld 10% of UMG shares. In its IPO, UMG hits €54 billion ($62.6 billion) valuation which is over a third bigger than initial valuation.[11]

In January 2022, UMG (throughINgrooves) acquired the Icelandic record label Alda Music, which owned the rights to nearly 80 percent of all music released in Iceland.[108]In February 2022, Universal Music Group announced a partnership with Curio, anNFTplatform, to create NFT collections for its record labels and artists.[109]On May 31, 2022, Universal Music Group announced Baa1/BBB long-term credit ratings from Moody's and S&P.[110]In October 2022, Mercedes-Benz launched a new in-car audio collaboration with Apple Music and Universal Music Group. With this new audio standard, UMG allows its artists to base their song approval process on how the final mix sounds in a Mercedes‑Benz and introduced the "Approved in a Mercedes‑Benz" label as a standard.[111]In November 2022, Universal Music Group acquired a 49% stake in Play It Again Sam (PIAS Group), which brings together a series of independent labels.[112]

2023–present: Appointment of Sherry Lansing, 2024 earnings call and restructuring

In January 2023,Sherry Lansingwas named the Chairman of Board of Directors of the Universal Music Group.[113]In August 2023, it was announced UMG had acquired theUAE-based music marketing, digital publishing and distribution agency, Chabaka.[114][115]In 2023, Universal Music Group andDeezerannounced their initiative to explore potential new business models for music streaming that better recognize the value created by artists.[116][117]Indeed, in September 2023, they announced their launch of an artist-centric streaming model designed to better remunerate the artists and music that fans mostly enjoy.[118][119]Also in 2023, Universal Music Group introduced a HBCU scholarship program for aspiring doctors.[120][121]

In October 2023, UMG andBandLab Technologiesformed a partnership to protect the rights of artists as well as songwriters and guarantee the 'ethical use' of Artificial Intelligence (AI).[122][123][124]Also in October 2023, UMG formed a new partnership withBMG Rights Managementto develop collaborative initiatives to enlarge opportunities for BMG-signed artists all over the world.[125]Unable to reach a licensing agreement with TikTok, UMG removed its music from the platform in January 2024,[126]During UMG's fourth-quarter earnings call on February 29, Grainge said: "There must not be free rides for massive global platforms such as TikTok." The company reported that quarterly revenue rose 9 percent, to 3.2 billion euros ($3.5 billion).[127]Following the earnings call, UMG began a "strategic organizational redesign" that included company-wide layoffs.[128]

Labels

Main article:List of Universal Music Group labels

Vevo

Universal Music Group co-developed with Google[129][130]Vevo,a site designed for music videos inspired byHulu,which similarly allows free ad-supported streaming of videos and other music content.[131]

On May 24, 2018, Vevo announced that it would no longer continue distributing videos to Vevo, instead opting to primarily focus onYouTubesyndication.[132]

Locations

Los Angeles metropolitan area

Santa Monica

Universal Music Publishing Headquarters in Santa Monica, California

UMG's operational headquarters are located inSanta Monica.Interscope-Geffen-A&Mand Universal Music Enterprises (UME), the company's catalog division, are headquartered in Santa Monica.Def Jam,IslandandRepublic Recordsalso maintain offices there. UMG chairman & CEOLucian Graingeis based at the company's Santa Monica offices.Universal Music Publishingis also headquartered in the city.

Hollywood

Capitol Music Groupis headquartered at theCapitol Records Buildingin Hollywood.[133]Universal Music Latin Entertainmentis also headquartered in Hollywood.

Woodland Hills

Universal Music Group operates a secondary office in Woodland Hills that includes finance, royalty, and operations functions.[134]

Miami

Universal Music Latin Entertainment is headquartered inMiami, Florida.

Nashville

Universal Music Group Nashville is headquartered inNashville, Tennessee.[135]

New York City

UMG has offices in New York City whereIsland Records,Def Jam Recordings,Republic Records,Verve Label Group,andSpinefarm Recordsare headquartered.

Madrid

Universal Music Spain is based inMadrid,Spain.[136]

London

Universal Music Group Global (formerly known asUniversal Music Group International (UMGI)) operates offices in London.[137]

Berlin

Universal Music GmbH, the German subsidiary, is headquartered inBerlin.It moved in 2002 from Hamburg to the districtFriedrichshainat the riverSpree.In February 2024 the company moved out of the iconic building also called "Eierspeicher" into another office down the street.

Warsaw

Universal Music Group'sUniversal Music Polskais located inWarsaw.[138]

Toronto

Universal Music Group's Universal Music Canada is located inToronto.[139]

Japan

Universal Music Japanis headquartered inShibuya,Tokyo.

Other locations

UMG operates in more than 60 territories around the world including Australia, Central America, Brazil, France, India, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, New Zealand, Russia, Ukraine, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and more.[136]Company's legal headquarters are in the Netherlands. Universal Music Group's largest corporate shareholder,Tencent,is headquartered inShenzhen,China. Tencent's ultimate largest controlling corporate shareholder,Naspers,is headquartered inCape Town,South Africa.[140]

On March 8, 2022, UMGsuspended all its operations in Russia,following the country's invasion of Ukraine.[141]

In 2023, UMG announced its expansion with its new office inCasablanca,Morocco.[142][143][144][145]

Shareholders

As of January 2022, the company's shares were held by:[3]

Criticisms and controversies

CD price fi xing

Main article:CD price fi xing

In 2000, music companies including UMG entered into consent agreements with theFederal Trade Commission,[146]with no admission of liability,[147]whereby they agreed to discontinue the use ofMinimum Advertised Priceprograms under which subsidized cooperative advertising was provided to retailers that agreed to adhere to minimum advertised pricing.[146]

In 2002, a similar settlement was entered into with music publishers and distributorsSony Music,Warner Music,Bertelsmann Music Group,EMI Musicand Universal Music Group and certain retailers, without admission of liability or wrongdoing, with various states. In settlement of the claim, the companies collectively agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million inCDsto public and non-profit groups.[147]It was estimated that consumers were overcharged by $500 million and up to $5 per album.[148]

Payola

In May 2006, an investigation led by thenNew York Attorney General,Eliot Spitzer,concluded with a determination that Universal Music Groupbribedradio stations to play songs fromAshlee Simpson,Brian McKnight,Big Tymers,Nick Lachey,Lindsay Lohanand other performers under Universal labels. The company paid $12 million to the state in settlement.[149]

YouTube

In 2007, with the help of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Stephanie Lenz sued UMG's publishing company for allegedly improperly requesting that, pursuant to theDigital Millennium Copyright Act,YouTube remove a 29-second home video in which Lenz's child danced to a recording ofPrince'ssong "Let's Go Crazy".[150]After years of litigation, the suit settled in 2018, prior to the court holding a trial on whether UMG had a subjective belief that the video was infringing and not fair to use before sending its request to YouTube.[151][152][153]In April 2016, UMG had the audio muted of a video clip showingKatherine Jenkinssinging the British national anthem. They claimed that the recording of "God Save the Queen"was copyrighted, and YouTube initially complied with this request, but subsequently offered the video with the original audio track.[154]

Imeem

In December 2007, UMG announced a deal withImeemthat allowed users of the social network to listen to any track from Universal's catalogue for free with a portion of the advertising generated by the music being shared with the record label.[155]All traffic was redirected toMySpaceafter that company acquiredImeemon December 8, 2009.[156]

Universal archive fire (2008)

Main article:2008 Universal Studios fire

According to Jody Rosen ofThe New York Times,the fire which swept throughUniversal Studios Hollywoodon June 1, 2008, caused "the biggest disaster in the history of the music business".[157]In space rented from NBCUniversal, according to an official document marked "Confidential", the fire destroyed at least 118,230 "assets" (master recordings), or about 500,000 song titles, owned by UMG. "The vault housed tape masters forDecca,the pop, jazz and classical powerhouse; it housed master tapes for the storied blues labelChess;it housed masters forImpulse!,the groundbreaking jazz label. The vault held masters for the MCA, ABC, A&M, Geffen and Interscope labels; as well as some smaller subsidiary labels. Nearly all of these masters—in some cases, the complete discographies of entire record labels—were wiped out in the fire. "[157][158]In a statement issued on June 11, 2019, UMG saidThe New York Timesarticle contained "numerous inaccuracies, misleading statements, contradictions and fundamental misunderstandings of the scope of the incident and affected assets."[159]

Following the publication of theNew York Timesstory,QuestloveofThe Rootsconfirmed that the master tapes for two of the band's albums, including unused material and multi-track recordings, were lost in the fire.[160]Similarly,NirvanabassistKrist Novoselicsaid he believed the masters for the band's 1991 albumNevermindwere "gone forever" as a result of the fire.[161]Representatives forR.E.M.announced they would investigate the effects the fire may have had on the band's archival materials, whileHole,Steely Dan,Rosanne CashandGeoff Downesmade statements on their possible losses from the fire.[161][162]

A representative forEminemconfirmed that the rapper's master recordings were digitized months before the fire, but could not confirm whether the physical master reels of his recordings were affected.[163]UMG archivist Patrick Kraus assured that theImpulse! Records,John Coltrane,Muddy Waters,Ahmad Jamal,Nashboro Records,andChess Recordsmasters survived the fire and were still in Universal's archive.[164]

Howard King filed a lawsuit in Los Angeles on June 21, 2019, on behalf ofSoundgarden,Hole,Steve Earle,the estate ofTupac Shakurand a former wife ofTom Pettythat seeks class action status for artists whose master recordings were believed to have been destroyed in the Universal Studios fire.[165][166]

Megaupload

On December 9, 2011,Megauploadpublished a music video titled: "The Mega Song", showing artists includingKanye West,Snoop Dogg,Alicia Keysandwill.i.amendorsing the company.[167]The music video was also uploaded to YouTube, but was removed following a takedown request by UMG.Megauploadsaid that the video contained no infringing content, commenting: "we have signed agreements with every featured artist for this campaign".[168]Megauploadrequested an apology from UMG, and filed a lawsuit against the company in theUnited States District Court for the Northern District of California,on December 12, 2011.[169][170]

UMG denied that the takedown was ordered under the terms of theDigital Millennium Copyright Act,and said that the takedown was "pursuant to the UMG-YouTube agreement," which gives UMG "the right to block or remove user-posted videos through YouTube's CMS (Content Management System) based on a number of contractually specified criteria."[171]The video was subsequently returned to YouTube, with the reasons for the UMG takedown remaining unclear.[172]Lawyers forwill.i.aminitially claimed that he had never agreed to the project, and on December 12, he denied any involvement in the takedown notice.[173]Megaupload dismissed its case against UMG in January 2012.[174]

On February 5, 2019,John WaiteandJoe Elyfiled a class-action lawsuit against UMG claiming that the company was violating their right to terminate grants of copyright after 35 years in accordance withcopyright law of the United Statesby ignoring Notices of Termination. On May 3, 2019, UMG filed a motion to dismiss the case, stating the Notices of Termination were not valid because the songs were not grants of copyright butworks for hire.[175]

Removal of UMG songs from TikTok

Main article:Removal of Universal Music Group songs from TikTok

On February 1, 2024, music released by UMG was muted or removed fromTikTokafter UMG and TikTok failed to reach a licensing agreement.[176]

See also

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Music_Group&oldid=1234003685"